📘 Perish ruined be the hands of Abū Lahab in other words all of him — the use of ‘hands’ here to denote all of him is figurative and is because most actions are performed by them; the statement is an invocation — and perish he! may he be ruined! this tabba is a predicate as where one says ahlakahu’Llāhu wa-qad halak ‘God destroyed him and he indeed is destroyed’. When the Prophet threatened him with the chastisement he said ‘If what my brother’s son says is true then I shall ransom myself from it with my wealth and sons!’; so the following was revealed

📘 His wealth will not avail him nor what he has earned wa-kasab means wa-kasbihi that is to say his sons; mā aghnā means mā yughnī.

📘 He will soon enter a Fire of flames that is to say a fire that is flaming and ignited this statement is the source of his nickname which was given to him on account of his flaming reddish fair face

📘 and his wife wa’mra’atuhu is a supplement to the person of the verb yaslā ‘he will enter’ separated by the clause of the direct object and its qualification — and this was Umm Jamīl — the carrier read hammālatu or hammālata of firewood cactus and thorns which she used to fling into the path of the Prophet s.

📘 with a rope of palm-fibre around her neck fī jīdihā hablun min masadin is a circumstantial qualifier referring to hammālata’l-hatab which in turn is either a description of imra’atahu ‘his wife’ or the predicate of an implied subject.