🕋 تفسير سورة نوح
(Nuh) • المصدر: EN-AL-JALALAYN
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَا نُوحًا إِلَىٰ قَوْمِهِ أَنْ أَنْذِرْ قَوْمَكَ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَأْتِيَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ
📘 Verily We sent Noah to his people saying ‘Warn your people before there come on them — should they not believe — a painful chastisement’ in this world and in the Hereafter.
فَقُلْتُ اسْتَغْفِرُوا رَبَّكُمْ إِنَّهُ كَانَ غَفَّارًا
📘 saying “Ask your Lord for forgiveness from idolatry. Assuredly He is ever Forgiving.
يُرْسِلِ السَّمَاءَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِدْرَارًا
📘 He will release the heaven the rain — for they had been deprived of it — for you in torrents in plenteous showers
وَيُمْدِدْكُمْ بِأَمْوَالٍ وَبَنِينَ وَيَجْعَلْ لَكُمْ جَنَّاتٍ وَيَجْعَلْ لَكُمْ أَنْهَارًا
📘 and furnish you with wealth and sons and assign to you gardens orchards and assign to you running rivers.
مَا لَكُمْ لَا تَرْجُونَ لِلَّهِ وَقَارًا
📘 What is wrong with you that you do not hope for dignity from God that is to say that you do not hope that God will dignify you by becoming believers
وَقَدْ خَلَقَكُمْ أَطْوَارًا
📘 when verily He created you in stages? atwār is the plural of tūr which means a state. Thus the sperm-drop is one state the blood clot is another state and so on until the creation of the human being is complete reflecting on the manner of his creation necessarily leads to belief in his Creator.
أَلَمْ تَرَوْا كَيْفَ خَلَقَ اللَّهُ سَبْعَ سَمَاوَاتٍ طِبَاقًا
📘 Have you not seen how God created seven heavens in layers one on top of the other
وَجَعَلَ الْقَمَرَ فِيهِنَّ نُورًا وَجَعَلَ الشَّمْسَ سِرَاجًا
📘 and made the moon therein — that is to say within their totality but which is effectively true in the case of the heaven of this world — as a light and made the sun as a lamp? as an illuminating lantern more powerful than the light of the moon.
وَاللَّهُ أَنْبَتَكُمْ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ نَبَاتًا
📘 And God has caused you to grow He has created you from the earth for He created your father Adam from it.
ثُمَّ يُعِيدُكُمْ فِيهَا وَيُخْرِجُكُمْ إِخْرَاجًا
📘 Then He will make you return into it entombed in your graves and bring you forth for the resurrection with a veritable bringing forth.
وَاللَّهُ جَعَلَ لَكُمُ الْأَرْضَ بِسَاطًا
📘 And God has made the earth a flat open expanse for you
قَالَ يَا قَوْمِ إِنِّي لَكُمْ نَذِيرٌ مُبِينٌ
📘 He said ‘O my people I am indeed a plain warner to you one whose warning is plain
لِتَسْلُكُوا مِنْهَا سُبُلًا فِجَاجًا
📘 so that you may follow throughout it spacious routes.” ’
قَالَ نُوحٌ رَبِّ إِنَّهُمْ عَصَوْنِي وَاتَّبَعُوا مَنْ لَمْ يَزِدْهُ مَالُهُ وَوَلَدُهُ إِلَّا خَسَارًا
📘 Noah said ‘My Lord they have disobeyed me and followed that is the riffraff and the paupers among them have followed those whose wealth and children namely their leaders who have been blessed with such things read wulduhu or waladuhu ‘whose children’ the first of which is said to be the plural of walad similar in pattern to khasab khushb or in fact it is said to be of the same meaning as walad but an alternative form as in the case of bukhl or bakhal ‘niggardliness’ only add to their loss to their insolence and disbelief.
وَمَكَرُوا مَكْرًا كُبَّارًا
📘 And they have devised namely the leaders a mighty plot extremely outrageous by denying Noah and harming him as well as his followers
وَقَالُوا لَا تَذَرُنَّ آلِهَتَكُمْ وَلَا تَذَرُنَّ وَدًّا وَلَا سُوَاعًا وَلَا يَغُوثَ وَيَعُوقَ وَنَسْرًا
📘 and have said to the riffraff “Do not abandon your gods and do not abandon Wadd read Wadd or Wudd nor Suwā‘ nor Yaghūth and Ya‘ūq and Nasr” — these being the names of their idols.
وَقَدْ أَضَلُّوا كَثِيرًا ۖ وَلَا تَزِدِ الظَّالِمِينَ إِلَّا ضَلَالًا
📘 And they have certainly led astray by these gods many people by commanding them to worship them. And do not O God increase the evildoers except in error!’ wa-lā tazidi’l-zālimīna illā dalālan is a supplement to qad adallū ‘they have certainly led astray’ He Noah invoked God against them when it was revealed to him that ‘None of your people will believe except he who has already believed’ Q. 1136.
مِمَّا خَطِيئَاتِهِمْ أُغْرِقُوا فَأُدْخِلُوا نَارًا فَلَمْ يَجِدُوا لَهُمْ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ أَنْصَارًا
📘 Because of mimmā mā indicates a relative clause their iniquities khatāyāhum a variant reading has khatī’ātihim they were drowned by the Flood then made to enter the Fire with which they were punished underwater after drowning. And they did not find for themselves besides that is to say other than God any helpers to protect them against the chastisement.
وَقَالَ نُوحٌ رَبِّ لَا تَذَرْ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ دَيَّارًا
📘 And Noah said ‘My Lord do not leave from among the disbelievers a single dweller upon the earth dayyār means ‘one who inhabits a dwelling dār’ in other words not one.
إِنَّكَ إِنْ تَذَرْهُمْ يُضِلُّوا عِبَادَكَ وَلَا يَلِدُوا إِلَّا فَاجِرًا كَفَّارًا
📘 Assuredly if You leave them they will lead Your servants astray and will beget only disbelieving profligates fājir and kaffār derive respectively from yafjuru and yakfuru he said this on account of the mentioned revelation that had been given to him.
رَبِّ اغْفِرْ لِي وَلِوَالِدَيَّ وَلِمَنْ دَخَلَ بَيْتِيَ مُؤْمِنًا وَلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ وَلَا تَزِدِ الظَّالِمِينَ إِلَّا تَبَارًا
📘 My Lord forgive me and my parents — both of whom were believers — and whoever enters my house my dwelling or my place of worship as a believer and believing men and believing women to the Day of Resurrection and do not increase the evildoers except in ruin’ in destruction — and thus they were destroyed.
أَنِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَاتَّقُوهُ وَأَطِيعُونِ
📘 to tell you that you should worship God and fear Him and obey me
يَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ مِنْ ذُنُوبِكُمْ وَيُؤَخِّرْكُمْ إِلَىٰ أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى ۚ إِنَّ أَجَلَ اللَّهِ إِذَا جَاءَ لَا يُؤَخَّرُ ۖ لَوْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ
📘 that He may forgive you some of your sins min dhunūbikum ‘some of your sins’ min may be taken as extra because submission to God islām expunges everything of sin that was committed previous to it; or it min may be understood as partitive to point out that which is due to those who were already God’s servants and defer you without chastising you until an appointed term the term for death. Indeed when God’s term for your chastisement — should you not believe — comes it cannot be deferred if only you knew’ this you would believe.
قَالَ رَبِّ إِنِّي دَعَوْتُ قَوْمِي لَيْلًا وَنَهَارًا
📘 He said ‘My Lord I have summoned my people night and day that is to say continuously without interruption
فَلَمْ يَزِدْهُمْ دُعَائِي إِلَّا فِرَارًا
📘 but my summon has only increased their evasion of faith.
وَإِنِّي كُلَّمَا دَعَوْتُهُمْ لِتَغْفِرَ لَهُمْ جَعَلُوا أَصَابِعَهُمْ فِي آذَانِهِمْ وَاسْتَغْشَوْا ثِيَابَهُمْ وَأَصَرُّوا وَاسْتَكْبَرُوا اسْتِكْبَارًا
📘 And indeed whenever I summoned them so that You might forgive them they put their fingers in their ears in order not to hear what I say and draw their cloaks over themselves they cover their heads with them in order not to catch sight of me and they persist in their disbelief and act in great arrogance disdaining faith.
ثُمَّ إِنِّي دَعَوْتُهُمْ جِهَارًا
📘 Then indeed I summoned them aloud that is to say at the top of my voice;
ثُمَّ إِنِّي أَعْلَنْتُ لَهُمْ وَأَسْرَرْتُ لَهُمْ إِسْرَارًا
📘 then assuredly I proclaimed to them with my voice and I confided my words to them secretly
Book A Free Trial