🕋 تفسير سورة المزمل
(Al-Muzzammil) • المصدر: EN-AL-JALALAYN
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ يَا أَيُّهَا الْمُزَّمِّلُ
📘 O you enwrapped in your garment! the Prophet al-muzzammil is actually al-mutazammil but the tā’ has been assimilated with the zāy that is to say the one who wraps himself up in his clothes when the Revelation Gabriel comes to him in fear of him because of his awe-inspiring presence.
وَاصْبِرْ عَلَىٰ مَا يَقُولُونَ وَاهْجُرْهُمْ هَجْرًا جَمِيلًا
📘 and bear patiently what they say that is the disbelievers of Mecca in the way of their maltreatment of you and part with them in a gracious manner without any anguish — this was revealed before the command to fight them.
وَذَرْنِي وَالْمُكَذِّبِينَ أُولِي النَّعْمَةِ وَمَهِّلْهُمْ قَلِيلًا
📘 And leave Me to deal with the deniers wa’l-mukadhdhibīna is a supplement to the direct object or it is an object of accompaniment; the meaning is ‘I will avail you of them’ they being the doughty leaders of Quraysh those enjoying affluence and respite them a little while — they were killed soon afterwards at Badr.
إِنَّ لَدَيْنَا أَنْكَالًا وَجَحِيمًا
📘 For indeed with Us are heavy fetters ankāl is the plural of nikl heavy shackles and a hell-fire a scorching Fire
وَطَعَامًا ذَا غُصَّةٍ وَعَذَابًا أَلِيمًا
📘 and a food that chokes one that causes the throat to choke and this is either zaqqūm cf. Q. 4443 darī‘ cf. Q. 886 ghislīn cf. Q. 6936 or thorns of fire which can neither be vomited nor ingested and a painful chastisement in addition to the punishment mentioned for those who deny the Prophet s
يَوْمَ تَرْجُفُ الْأَرْضُ وَالْجِبَالُ وَكَانَتِ الْجِبَالُ كَثِيبًا مَهِيلًا
📘 on the day when the earth and the mountains will quake and the mountains will be like heaps of shifting sand mahīl derives from hāla yahīlu; it is actually mahyūl but the damma sound is considered too heavy for the yā’ and is therefore transposed onto the hā’ while the wāw the second of two unvocalised consonants is omitted on account of it being extra and the damma is replaced by a kasra because of its phonetic affinity the letter yā’.
إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَا إِلَيْكُمْ رَسُولًا شَاهِدًا عَلَيْكُمْ كَمَا أَرْسَلْنَا إِلَىٰ فِرْعَوْنَ رَسُولًا
📘 We have indeed sent to you O people of Mecca a Messenger namely Muhammad (s) to be a witness against you on the Day of Resurrection to any disobedience that you engage in just as We sent to Pharaoh a messenger namely Moses peace be upon him.
فَعَصَىٰ فِرْعَوْنُ الرَّسُولَ فَأَخَذْنَاهُ أَخْذًا وَبِيلًا
📘 But Pharaoh disobeyed the messenger so We seized him with a severe seizing.
فَكَيْفَ تَتَّقُونَ إِنْ كَفَرْتُمْ يَوْمًا يَجْعَلُ الْوِلْدَانَ شِيبًا
📘 So if you disbelieve in this world how will you guard against a day yawman is the direct object of tattaqūna ‘you guard against’ that is against the chastisement thereof by what defence will you defend yourselves against the chastisement of a day that will make the children grey-haired shīb is the plural of ashyab by the severity of its terrors this being the Day of Resurrection the shīn of shīb should actually have a damma but it is given a kasra because of its phonetic affinity with the yā’ — a distressing day is described as being ‘a day that makes the forelocks of children turn grey’ which is usually understood figuratively; but it may be that in the case of this verse it is meant literally —
السَّمَاءُ مُنْفَطِرٌ بِهِ ۚ كَانَ وَعْدُهُ مَفْعُولًا
📘 with the heaven being rent asunder thereon on that Day because of its severity. His promise exalted be He of the coming of that Day shall be fulfilled that is to say it will come to pass without doubt.
إِنَّ هَٰذِهِ تَذْكِرَةٌ ۖ فَمَنْ شَاءَ اتَّخَذَ إِلَىٰ رَبِّهِ سَبِيلًا
📘 Indeed these threatening verses are a reminder an admonition for all creatures. Let him who will then choose a way to his Lord a path to Him through faith and obedience.
قُمِ اللَّيْلَ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا
📘 Stand vigil perform prayer through the night except a little
۞ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّكَ تَقُومُ أَدْنَىٰ مِنْ ثُلُثَيِ اللَّيْلِ وَنِصْفَهُ وَثُلُثَهُ وَطَائِفَةٌ مِنَ الَّذِينَ مَعَكَ ۚ وَاللَّهُ يُقَدِّرُ اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ ۚ عَلِمَ أَنْ لَنْ تُحْصُوهُ فَتَابَ عَلَيْكُمْ ۖ فَاقْرَءُوا مَا تَيَسَّرَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ ۚ عَلِمَ أَنْ سَيَكُونُ مِنْكُمْ مَرْضَىٰ ۙ وَآخَرُونَ يَضْرِبُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ يَبْتَغُونَ مِنْ فَضْلِ اللَّهِ ۙ وَآخَرُونَ يُقَاتِلُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ۖ فَاقْرَءُوا مَا تَيَسَّرَ مِنْهُ ۚ وَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتُوا الزَّكَاةَ وَأَقْرِضُوا اللَّهَ قَرْضًا حَسَنًا ۚ وَمَا تُقَدِّمُوا لِأَنْفُسِكُمْ مِنْ خَيْرٍ تَجِدُوهُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ هُوَ خَيْرًا وَأَعْظَمَ أَجْرًا ۚ وَاسْتَغْفِرُوا اللَّهَ ۖ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ
📘 Assuredly your Lord knows that you stand vigil less than two thirds of the night or at times a half of it or a third of it if read wa-nisfihi wa-thuluthihi then these constitute a supplement to thuluthay ‘two thirds’; if read wa-nisfahu wa-thuluthahu then a supplement to adnā ‘less than’ — his keeping vigil in the way mentioned is in accordance with what was enjoined on him at the beginning of this sūra — along with a group of those with you wa-tā’ifatun mina’lladhīna ma‘aka constitutes a supplement to the subject of the verb taqūmu ‘you stand vigil’ but it may also constitute although it is not certain a separating clause. The keeping vigil by some of his companions in this way indicates their emulation of him. Some of them could not tell how much of the night they had spent in prayer and how much of it had remained and would therefore keep vigil all night as a precaution; and so they used to keep vigil in this way for a whole year or more with their feet swollen until God alleviated matters for them. He exalted be He says and God keeps measures He keeps count of the night and the day. He knows that an softened in place of the hardened form its subject having been omitted that is to say annahu you will not be able to keep count of it that is the length of the night so that you may perform the vigil at the time in which it is required unless you stay up all night which is hard on you and so He has relented to you making you revert to what is easier. So recite as much as is feasible of the Qur’ān during prayer by performing as much prayer as is feasible. He knows that an softened in place of the hardened form that is to say annahu some of you will be sick while others will be travelling in the land seeking the bounty of God seeking of His provision through commerce and otherwise and others will be fighting in the way of God for each of the three groups mentioned the keeping of nightly vigil is hard and so God has alleviated things for them by enjoining on them what is feasible.
نِصْفَهُ أَوِ انْقُصْ مِنْهُ قَلِيلًا
📘 a half of it nisfahu substitutes for qalīlan with ‘little’ being little by taking into account the whole night or reduce of it of the half a little up to a third
أَوْ زِدْ عَلَيْهِ وَرَتِّلِ الْقُرْآنَ تَرْتِيلًا
📘 or add to it up to two thirds aw implies free choice and recite the Qur’ān recite it carefully in a measured tone.
إِنَّا سَنُلْقِي عَلَيْكَ قَوْلًا ثَقِيلًا
📘 Verily soon We shall cast on you a weighty an awe-inspiring or stern word a weighty Qur’ān because of the prescriptions imposed in it.
إِنَّ نَاشِئَةَ اللَّيْلِ هِيَ أَشَدُّ وَطْئًا وَأَقْوَمُ قِيلًا
📘 Assuredly rising in the night to wake up after having been in sleep is firmer in tread more conducive to establishing harmony between the hearing and the heart for the purpose of comprehending the Qur’ān and more upright in respect to speech clearer for utterance of devotions.
إِنَّ لَكَ فِي النَّهَارِ سَبْحًا طَوِيلًا
📘 For assuredly during the day you have extended engagements administering your affairs and you do not have the time to recite Qur’ān.
وَاذْكُرِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ وَتَبَتَّلْ إِلَيْهِ تَبْتِيلًا
📘 And mention the Name of your Lord that is say bi’smi’Llāhi’l-rahmāni’l-rahīm ‘In the Name of God the Compassionate the Merciful’ to begin your recitation and devote yourself exclusively to Him with complete devotion tabtīlan is the verbal noun from batala used here instead of tabattulan in order to concord with the end-rhyme of the verses for he the Prophet is obliged to devote himself to God.
رَبُّ الْمَشْرِقِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ فَاتَّخِذْهُ وَكِيلًا
📘 He is Lord of the east and the west; there is no god except Him so take Him for a Guardian entrusting your affairs to Him
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