🕋 تفسير سورة هود
(Hud) • المصدر: EN-TAFSIR-AL-TUSTARI
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ الر ۚ كِتَابٌ أُحْكِمَتْ آيَاتُهُ ثُمَّ فُصِّلَتْ مِنْ لَدُنْ حَكِيمٍ خَبِيرٍ
📘 �then detailed from One Wise, Informed That is, He has made clear His promise [of reward] for obedience and His threat of punishment for disobedience and for persistence therein.His words:
وَلَا تَرْكَنُوا إِلَى الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا فَتَمَسَّكُمُ النَّارُ وَمَا لَكُمْ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ مِنْ أَوْلِيَاءَ ثُمَّ لَا تُنْصَرُونَ
📘 And do not incline toward the evildoers�That is, �Do not rely on anything regarding your religion except my Sunna.�His words, Exalted is He:
مَنْ كَانَ يُرِيدُ الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا وَزِينَتَهَا نُوَفِّ إِلَيْهِمْ أَعْمَالَهُمْ فِيهَا وَهُمْ فِيهَا لَا يُبْخَسُونَ
📘 He who desires the life of this world and its adornment, We shall repay them their deeds...Whoever aspires by his actions (ʿamal) to [attain] something other than God, will be granted by God the reward of his actions in this world, but there will remain nothing for him in the Hereafter. For such a person does not devote his actions purely to God, due to his desire for [having] a position in this world. If he but knew that God has placed the world and its people at the service of those who desire the Hereafter, he would not be ostentatious about his acts.Sahl was asked, �What is the hardest thing for the lower self (nafs)?� He replied, �Sincerity (ikhlāṣ).� He was asked why this was so, and he said, �It is because the lower self cannot have a share in it.� He was asked, �Does ostentation (riyāʾ) penetrate the obligatory acts?� He replied:Yes, it may even penetrate faith, which is at the root of obligatory acts, so that [faith itself] is falsified and becomes hypocrisy. So how then will the acts be? Anyone whose outward conduct is not found fault with by a single person but whose real state in his inner self God knows to be the contrary, is being ostentatious without a doubt. His words, Exalted is He:
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ وَأَخْبَتُوا إِلَىٰ رَبِّهِمْ أُولَٰئِكَ أَصْحَابُ الْجَنَّةِ ۖ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ
📘 �and humble themselves before their Lord�That is, their hearts were humbled before their Lord, this being [an indication of] fear (khashiya). Thus humility is its outward [manifestation] and fear its inner state just as the Messenger said, �If his heart had become humble his bodily members would have been subdued.� It was related of Moses that he was once castigating the Children of Israel, when a man from amongst them tore his shirt apart. Then God, Exalted is He, inspired Moses to say to him [on behalf of God], �Do not tear your garment for Me; tear your heart for Me!�His words, Exalted is He:
وَأَنِ اسْتَغْفِرُوا رَبَّكُمْ ثُمَّ تُوبُوا إِلَيْهِ يُمَتِّعْكُمْ مَتَاعًا حَسَنًا إِلَىٰ أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى وَيُؤْتِ كُلَّ ذِي فَضْلٍ فَضْلَهُ ۖ وَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَإِنِّي أَخَافُ عَلَيْكُمْ عَذَابَ يَوْمٍ كَبِيرٍ
📘 Ask forgiveness of your Lord, and turn to Him in repentance...He said:Seeking forgiveness (istighfār) [entails] the response (ijāba), then contrition (ināba), then repentance (tawba), followed by the seeking of forgiveness. The response is [made] outwardly, the turning [to God] is through the heart, and repentance is through constantly seeking forgivenessfor one�s deficiency in these. �He will give you fair enjoyment. He said, �Renunciation (tark) of creatures (khalq) and drawing near (iqbāl) to God.�His words:
حَتَّىٰ إِذَا جَاءَ أَمْرُنَا وَفَارَ التَّنُّورُ قُلْنَا احْمِلْ فِيهَا مِنْ كُلٍّ زَوْجَيْنِ اثْنَيْنِ وَأَهْلَكَ إِلَّا مَنْ سَبَقَ عَلَيْهِ الْقَوْلُ وَمَنْ آمَنَ ۚ وَمَا آمَنَ مَعَهُ إِلَّا قَلِيلٌ
📘 �and the oven gushed forth... It was an oven of stone, belonging firstly to Adam and then passing on to Noah, and God made the gushing forth of water from it a sign of His punishment. However, He made the gushing forth of the wellsprings of the heart of Muḥammad with the lights of knowledge of differentkinds a [sign of] mercy for his nation, because God, Exalted is He, honoured him with this honour. For the light of the prophets  is from his [Muḥammad�s] light, the light of the heavenly dominions is from his light and the light of this world and the Hereafter is from his light. Whoever truly desires [God�s] love must follow him. God said to His Prophet : Say: �If you love God, follow me, and God will love you� [3:31]. Thus has He made love [consist] of following him [the Prophet], and has made the reward for His servants who follow him His love, which is the highest honour (aʿlā al-karāma).It is related on the authority of Abū Mūsā al-Ashʿarī that he said: �While we were with the Messenger of God , he approached us and [turned to] face us as if he wished to tell us something.Then he fell into prostration and we prostrated with him at the beginning of the day until around midday, such that some of us could taste the earth through our noses and we remarked to each other, �The Messenger of God has died.� But then he raised his head and said, �God is Great!�, so we said, �God is Great!�. Then someone said to him, �O Messenger of God, we thought you had died and if that had been the case we would not have cared if the sky fell onto the earth.� He said, �My beloved, the Angel Gabriel came to me and said to me, �O Muḥammad, your Lord greets you with peace and gives you the choice between a third of your nation entering Paradise and the right to intercession.
إِنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ لَحَلِيمٌ أَوَّاهٌ مُنِيبٌ
📘 For Abraham was forbearing, tender-hearted, and penitent.He [Sahl] said:God, Exalted is He, gave him [Abraham] a view into the [moments of] activity and repose (ḥaraka wa sukūn) of the natural self (al-nafs al-ṭabīʿiyya), but He did not give him a view of His knowledge, for he was either effaced from [the awareness of it] or abiding in it, so that neither fear nor hope should leave his soul. Thus, when he remembers it [that knowledge], he sighs, and keeps silent regarding the question of the knowledge of his end (khātima), since he has no [power of] choosing (ikhtiyār) with God, Mighty and Majestic is He.Then Sahl said:Fear is male and hope is female, and if one iota of the fear of the fearful (khāʾifūn) were divided among the inhabitants of the earth, they would all attain eternal happiness by it.Then he was asked, �If that is so, how much fear do the fearful have?� He replied, �It is like a mountain,a mountain!�His words, Exalted is He:
وَجَاءَهُ قَوْمُهُ يُهْرَعُونَ إِلَيْهِ وَمِنْ قَبْلُ كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ السَّيِّئَاتِ ۚ قَالَ يَا قَوْمِ هَٰؤُلَاءِ بَنَاتِي هُنَّ أَطْهَرُ لَكُمْ ۖ فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَلَا تُخْزُونِ فِي ضَيْفِي ۖ أَلَيْسَ مِنْكُمْ رَجُلٌ رَشِيدٌ
📘 �Here are my daughters, they are purer for you... That is, they are more legitimate for you if you marry them, than [your] committing abominableacts. His words, Exalted is He:
قَالَ يَا قَوْمِ أَرَأَيْتُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُ عَلَىٰ بَيِّنَةٍ مِنْ رَبِّي وَرَزَقَنِي مِنْهُ رِزْقًا حَسَنًا ۚ وَمَا أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُخَالِفَكُمْ إِلَىٰ مَا أَنْهَاكُمْ عَنْهُ ۚ إِنْ أُرِيدُ إِلَّا الْإِصْلَاحَ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُ ۚ وَمَا تَوْفِيقِي إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ ۚ عَلَيْهِ تَوَكَّلْتُ وَإِلَيْهِ أُنِيبُ
📘 �And I do not desire to be different from you in what I forbid you to do... He [Sahl] said:Every possessor of knowledge (ʿālim) who has been given knowledge of evil but does not avoid it is not a [true] possessor of knowledge. Similarly, whoever has been given knowledge of the acts of obedience but does not practise them is not a [true] possessor of knowledge.Somebody asked Sahl, �O Abū Muḥammad, with whom do you instruct me to sit?� He replied, �With one whose limbs [i.e. bodily actions] will guide you, not his tongue.�His words, Exalted is He:
قَالُوا يَا شُعَيْبُ مَا نَفْقَهُ كَثِيرًا مِمَّا تَقُولُ وَإِنَّا لَنَرَاكَ فِينَا ضَعِيفًا ۖ وَلَوْلَا رَهْطُكَ لَرَجَمْنَاكَ ۖ وَمَا أَنْتَ عَلَيْنَا بِعَزِيزٍ
📘 �And were it not for your clan (rahṭ), we would have stoned you...He said: �Muḥammad b. Sawwār related on the authority of Abū ʿAmr b. al-ʿAlāʾ that he said, �A rahṭ is a group of people while a nafr, is a group of men among whom there are no women.� His words, Exalted is He:
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