🕋 تفسير سورة طه
(Taha) • المصدر: EN-TAFSIR-AL-TUSTARI
۞ وَعَنَتِ الْوُجُوهُ لِلْحَيِّ الْقَيُّومِ ۖ وَقَدْ خَابَ مَنْ حَمَلَ ظُلْمًا
📘 And faces shall be humbled before the Living, the Eternal Sustainer�He said:It means: They are humbled before Him in accordance with their station in gnosis (maʿrifa) of God and their being empowered (tamkīn) for receiving success (tawfīq) from Him.His words:
قَالَ اهْبِطَا مِنْهَا جَمِيعًا ۖ بَعْضُكُمْ لِبَعْضٍ عَدُوٌّ ۖ فَإِمَّا يَأْتِيَنَّكُمْ مِنِّي هُدًى فَمَنِ اتَّبَعَ هُدَايَ فَلَا يَضِلُّ وَلَا يَشْقَىٰ
📘 �then whoever follows My guidance will not go astray, nor fall into misery.He said:That is, following and adhering to the Book and the Sunna. [Such a person] will not deviate from the path of guidance, and will not fall into wretchedness either in the Hereafter or in the present life.His words, Exalted is He:
وَلَا تَمُدَّنَّ عَيْنَيْكَ إِلَىٰ مَا مَتَّعْنَا بِهِ أَزْوَاجًا مِنْهُمْ زَهْرَةَ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا لِنَفْتِنَهُمْ فِيهِ ۚ وَرِزْقُ رَبِّكَ خَيْرٌ وَأَبْقَىٰ
📘 Nor extend your gaze to what We have given to some pairs among them to enjoy [as] the flower of the life of this world�He said:That is, �Do not direct your attention to that which results in the whispering of Satan, opposition(mukhālafa) to the All-Merciful, cravings (amānī) from the lower self, or acquiescence (sukūn) in what is familiar to one�s [basic] nature (ṭabʿ)�; for each one of these is among the things which cut a person off from the remembrance (dhikr) of God, Mighty and Majestic is He.His words, Exalted is He:
قَالَ هِيَ عَصَايَ أَتَوَكَّأُ عَلَيْهَا وَأَهُشُّ بِهَا عَلَىٰ غَنَمِي وَلِيَ فِيهَا مَآرِبُ أُخْرَىٰ
📘 �I also have other uses for it. The first one to own the staff was Adam. It came from a myrtle tree in Paradise. Then it was passed down from prophet to prophet until it came to Shuʿayb. Subsequently, when [Shuʿayb] gave Moses his daughter in marriage, he presented the staff to him. Moses used to lean on it, drive his sheep with it, scatter leaves for his sheep with it; then he would take from the tree whatever he wanted with it, and he would send it after lions, wild beasts and the vermin of the earth and it would strike them. If the heat became intense, he would stick it in the ground upright and it would provide shade. When he slept, it would guard over him until he awoke, and if the night was pitch dark, it would light up for him like a torch. When it was a cloudy day and he could not tell the time for prayer, it would give off rays from one of its sides. If he became hungry he would plant it in the earth and it would bear fruit immediately. These were the uses of his staff. Moses mentioned the benefits and uses of the staff that had appeared to him, but God, Exalted is He, intended [to draw his attention to] uses and benefits [of the staff] that were, as yet, hidden from him, such as its turning into a snake, or [Moses�] striking the rock with it so that the springs gushed forth from it, or his striking the sea with it, and other such uses. It was through this that He showed him that the knowledge of people, even when they are supportedby prophecy (nubuwwa), is deficient when compared to God�s knowledge regarding the universe of created things.His words, Exalted is He:
أَنِ اقْذِفِيهِ فِي التَّابُوتِ فَاقْذِفِيهِ فِي الْيَمِّ فَلْيُلْقِهِ الْيَمُّ بِالسَّاحِلِ يَأْخُذْهُ عَدُوٌّ لِي وَعَدُوٌّ لَهُ ۚ وَأَلْقَيْتُ عَلَيْكَ مَحَبَّةً مِنِّي وَلِتُصْنَعَ عَلَىٰ عَيْنِي
📘 �I cast upon you love from Me... He said:God made apparent his bequest of knowledge to him [Moses] before any works [were done]. He bequeathed for him love (maḥabba) in the hearts of His servants. Thus, thereare hearts that are rewarded before any action and punished before they have even considered[such an action] (qabl al-raʾy), just as a person may experience joy within his soul without knowing the reason for it, or experience sadness without knowing the reason for it.His words, Exalted is He:
إِذْ تَمْشِي أُخْتُكَ فَتَقُولُ هَلْ أَدُلُّكُمْ عَلَىٰ مَنْ يَكْفُلُهُ ۖ فَرَجَعْنَاكَ إِلَىٰ أُمِّكَ كَيْ تَقَرَّ عَيْنُهَا وَلَا تَحْزَنَ ۚ وَقَتَلْتَ نَفْسًا فَنَجَّيْنَاكَ مِنَ الْغَمِّ وَفَتَنَّاكَ فُتُونًا ۚ فَلَبِثْتَ سِنِينَ فِي أَهْلِ مَدْيَنَ ثُمَّ جِئْتَ عَلَىٰ قَدَرٍ يَا مُوسَىٰ
📘 �And We tried you with various ordeals� That is, �As trials for your natural self (li-nafsika al-ṭabīʿiyya), and explained them [the tests] to you (bayannāhā) ⸢so that⸣ you should never feel secure from God�s ruse�. His words, Exalted is He:
وَاصْطَنَعْتُكَ لِنَفْسِي
📘 And I chose you for Myself.That is, �Devote yourself solely (tafarrad) to Me through the stripping away (tajrīd) [of all other], [so that] nothing diverts you from Me.� His words, Exalted is He:
اذْهَبْ أَنْتَ وَأَخُوكَ بِآيَاتِي وَلَا تَنِيَا فِي ذِكْرِي
📘 �And do not flag in remembrance of Me That is, �Do not keep abundant remembrance on [your] tongue, whilst being negligent concerningvigilance (murāqaba) in [your] heart.�His words, Exalted is He:
فَقُولَا لَهُ قَوْلًا لَيِّنًا لَعَلَّهُ يَتَذَكَّرُ أَوْ يَخْشَىٰ
📘 And speak to him gentle words...He said:It was related from Ibn ʿAbbās y that he said, �Moses , when he visited Pharaoh, would say to him, �O Abū Musʿab say: �There is no god except God and I am the Messenger of God�.� Sahl said:Truly God, Exalted is He, invested Moses with the robe of those who possess refined manners (mutaʾaddibūn), and He removed from him the hastiness of those who impulsively rush in (mutahajjimūn), due to the bounty (faḍl) and empowerment (tamkīn) that he found [from God]. However, He did not will for him [Pharaoh] faith (īmān), for had He willed it, He would have said, �So he may believe.� Rather, God, Mighty and Majestic is He, intended by this [command] that Moses should show graciousness (mulāṭafa) through the most beautiful discourse and gentlest speech, for this moves the hearts of all people, just as the Prophet said, �Hearts have been created with the disposition to love those who are good to them and to hate those who do wrong to them.� This was to pre-empt his [Pharaoh�s] argument (ḥujja), and to awaken interest in those among the sorcerers and others whom God knew would be guided.His words, Exalted is He:
قَالَ لَا تَخَافَا ۖ إِنَّنِي مَعَكُمَا أَسْمَعُ وَأَرَىٰ
📘 He said, �Do not fear, for I shall be with the two of you, hearing and seeing�.He said:God informed them [Moses and Aaron] that He was with them through His regard (naẓar), witnessing every predicament they experience, [and] through His strength (quwwa), aid (maʿūna) and support (taʾyīd). So [He said], �Do not be afraid of conveying the message under any circumstances.�[[20:81] Eat of the good things We have provided for you, but do not transgress regarding them�] His words, Exalted is He, concerning this are [an admonition] that you should eat from them [the good things provided by God] in order to sustain yourselves, and should not satiate yourselvesto the extent that you reach a state of intoxication (sukr) in which you are diverted from the remembrance [of God], for intoxication is forbidden.And he said:Whoever forces hunger upon himself, his blood will decrease in proportion to that, and in proportion to how much his blood decreases, evil suggestions (waswasa) will be blocked from entering his heart. If a mad person forced hunger upon himself he would become sane. The Prophet said, �There is not a vessel more detestable to God than a stomach filled with food.� His words, Exalted is He:
وَإِنْ تَجْهَرْ بِالْقَوْلِ فَإِنَّهُ يَعْلَمُ السِّرَّ وَأَخْفَى
📘 �He knows [that which you keep] secret and that which is yet more hidden (akhfā).He said:That which is yet more hidden than a secret is something which the servant does not [consciously] think about, but thinks about in his sleep [unconsciously].His words, Exalted is He:
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