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(Sad) • المصدر: EN-TAFSIR-AL-TUSTARI
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ ص ۚ وَالْقُرْآنِ ذِي الذِّكْرِ
📘 Ṣād. By the Qurʾān endowed with the Remembrance!He said:That is, endowed with healing power (al-shaʾn al-shāfī) and sufficient admonition (al-waʿẓ al-kāfī).His words:
وَشَدَدْنَا مُلْكَهُ وَآتَيْنَاهُ الْحِكْمَةَ وَفَصْلَ الْخِطَابِ
📘 And We strengthened his kingdom, and gave him wisdom and decisive speech (faṣl al-khiṭāb). He said:God only gave him [David] this when he asked Him to raise his rank to the rank enjoyed by Ishmael and Isaac. He said, �You are not on that level, O David. However, I am giving you a high rank for your wisdom, and articulation in speech (fāṣila)� � this being the saying: ammā baʿd (to proceed), which he was the first to say. Quss b. Sāʿida was the one who followed the precedent of saying this [ammā baʿd]. It has also been said decisive speech (faṣl al-khiṭāb) is lucidity (bayān) and faith (īmān). His words:We strengthened his kingdom�He said:That is, with justice (ʿadl) and with virtuous ministers to rule over it with goodness, just as the Messenger said, �Truly, if God, Exalted is He, wills good for a ruler, He grants him a truthful minister (wazīr ṣadūq) who reminds him when he forgets, and assists him when he remembers.�His words:
قَالَ لَقَدْ ظَلَمَكَ بِسُؤَالِ نَعْجَتِكَ إِلَىٰ نِعَاجِهِ ۖ وَإِنَّ كَثِيرًا مِنَ الْخُلَطَاءِ لَيَبْغِي بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ إِلَّا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ وَقَلِيلٌ مَا هُمْ ۗ وَظَنَّ دَاوُودُ أَنَّمَا فَتَنَّاهُ فَاسْتَغْفَرَ رَبَّهُ وَخَرَّ رَاكِعًا وَأَنَابَ ۩
📘 �He fell down on his knees and repented.He said:Turning often to God in contrition (ināba) is returning from heedlessness to remembrance with a broken heart (inkisār al-qalb) and the anticipation of [His] loathing (intiẓār al-maqt).His words:
يَا دَاوُودُ إِنَّا جَعَلْنَاكَ خَلِيفَةً فِي الْأَرْضِ فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ بِالْحَقِّ وَلَا تَتَّبِعِ الْهَوَىٰ فَيُضِلَّكَ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ۚ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَضِلُّونَ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ شَدِيدٌ بِمَا نَسُوا يَوْمَ الْحِسَابِ
📘 �and do not follow [your] desire, lest it then lead you astray from the way of God�He said:That is, the darkness of desire which obscures the lights of the intuition of the self (dhihn al-nafs), the spirit (rūḥ), the understanding of the intellect (fahm al-ʿaql), and the discernment of the heart (fiṭnat al-qalb). Similarly, the Prophet said: �Truly, [when followed], desire (hawā) and lust (shahwa) overwhelm the intellect, knowledge,� and lucidity (bayān), due to the pre-eternal ordainment of God, Exalted is He. His words:
فَقَالَ إِنِّي أَحْبَبْتُ حُبَّ الْخَيْرِ عَنْ ذِكْرِ رَبِّي حَتَّىٰ تَوَارَتْ بِالْحِجَابِ
📘 (He [Solomon] said) �Lo! I have preferred the love of the good things [of this world] over the remembrance of my Lord��He said:[Over] the afternoon prayer and its [prescribed] time. His words:
قَالَ رَبِّ اغْفِرْ لِي وَهَبْ لِي مُلْكًا لَا يَنْبَغِي لِأَحَدٍ مِنْ بَعْدِي ۖ إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْوَهَّابُ
📘 ��O my Lord! Forgive me, and grant me a kingdom which shall not belong to anyone after me...�He said:God, Exalted is He, inspired Solomon to ask for a kingdom which would not be attainable by anyone after him, that He might shatter thereby the tyrants, the unbelievers, those who transgress against their Lord, and those among jinn and men who claim to possess power by themselves. Thus, the question was posed by Solomon , in accordance with God�s choice for him, and not following his own choice for himself. His words:
إِنَّا أَخْلَصْنَاهُمْ بِخَالِصَةٍ ذِكْرَى الدَّارِ
📘 Assuredly We purified them with a pure [thought]: the remembrance of the Abode. He said:He purified Abraham, Ishmael and Isaac from the remembrance (dhikr) of this world through a remembrance of Him, purely for [His sake] (khāliṣatan), not for the attainment of recompense(jazāʾ). Neither did they witness themselves in it [their remembrance]; rather, they remembered Him through Him and for Him. Furthermore, the one who remembers God through God (bi�Llāh) is not like the one who remembers God through the remembrance of God (bi-dhikri�Llāh). But God, Glorified and Exalted is He, knows best.His words, Exalted is He:
وَانْطَلَقَ الْمَلَأُ مِنْهُمْ أَنِ امْشُوا وَاصْبِرُوا عَلَىٰ آلِهَتِكُمْ ۖ إِنَّ هَٰذَا لَشَيْءٌ يُرَادُ
📘 ��Walk away! And stand by (iṣbirū) your gods�� He said:This is the reprehensible form of forbearance (ṣabr), for which God has reprimanded the disbelievers.Indeed, I heard him [Sahl] say:Forbearance (ṣabr) is on four levels: forbearance in obedience (ṭāʿa), forbearance with suffering(alam), forbearance with pain (taʾallum), and lastly, the reprehensible kind of forbearance, which is that of persistence (iqāma) in opposing [the truth] (mukhālafa). His words:
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