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(Ghafir) • المصدر: EN-TAFSIR-AL-TUSTARI
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ حم
📘 Ḥā Mīm.! The revelation of the Book is from God, the Almighty, the All-Knowing,He said:That is, the Living (al-Ḥayy), the King (al-Malik), who sent down the Book to you. He is ⸢God⸣, who turns thereby [by the Revelation] the hearts of mystics (ʿārifūn). He is Almighty (al-ʿAzīz) beyond the grasp of created beings, the All-Knowing (al-ʿAlīm) with regard to what He has produced and ordained.
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا يُنَادَوْنَ لَمَقْتُ اللَّهِ أَكْبَرُ مِنْ مَقْتِكُمْ أَنْفُسَكُمْ إِذْ تُدْعَوْنَ إِلَى الْإِيمَانِ فَتَكْفُرُونَ
📘 Indeed [to] those who disbelieve it will be proclaimed, �Surely God�s abhorrence is greater than your abhorrence of yourselves��He said:Abhorrence (maqt) is the most extreme form of alienation (ibʿād) from God, Mighty and Majestic is He. [Furthermore], when the disbelievers enter the Fire they abhor themselves. However, God�s abhorrence of their deeds is even severer [for them] than their entry into the Fire.His words:
رَفِيعُ الدَّرَجَاتِ ذُو الْعَرْشِ يُلْقِي الرُّوحَ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ عَلَىٰ مَنْ يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ لِيُنْذِرَ يَوْمَ التَّلَاقِ
📘 The Exalter of rank, Lord of the Throne, He casts the Spirit of His command�That is, He is the Raiser of ranks, and He elevates the ranks of whomever He wills by [grantinghim] gnosis (maʿrifa) of Him. He casts the Spirit of His command�That is, He sends the Revelation from the heavens to the earth by His command.His words:
تَنْزِيلُ الْكِتَابِ مِنَ اللَّهِ الْعَزِيزِ الْعَلِيمِ
📘 Ḥā Mīm.! The revelation of the Book is from God, the Almighty, the All-Knowing,He said:That is, the Living (al-Ḥayy), the King (al-Malik), who sent down the Book to you. He is ⸢God⸣, who turns thereby [by the Revelation] the hearts of mystics (ʿārifūn). He is Almighty (al-ʿAzīz) beyond the grasp of created beings, the All-Knowing (al-ʿAlīm) with regard to what He has produced and ordained.
غَافِرِ الذَّنْبِ وَقَابِلِ التَّوْبِ شَدِيدِ الْعِقَابِ ذِي الطَّوْلِ ۖ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ۖ إِلَيْهِ الْمَصِيرُ
📘 Forgiver of sins�That is, He conceals the sins of whomever He will; and Accepter of repentance from the one who repents to Him and devotes his actions purely to Him with knowledge (ʿilm); One of [infinite] bounty; Possessed of a richness [which makes Him] Independent from all (al-Ghanī ʿan al-kull).
مَا يُجَادِلُ فِي آيَاتِ اللَّهِ إِلَّا الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا فَلَا يَغْرُرْكَ تَقَلُّبُهُمْ فِي الْبِلَادِ
📘 None dispute the signs of God� That is, [they do not dispute] concerning His essence (dhāt), or omnipotence (qudra), or concerning the Qurʾān, or the Sunna, out of some whim of the lower self. Just as He said, And argued with falsehood [40:5], meaning: following [their] own whim (hawā) without referring to guidance from God, and just as He also said, Why do you then dispute concerning that of which you have no knowledge? [3:66] � [None dispute]�save those who disbelieve and create innovations that do not belong to the truth.His words:
وَقَالَ رَبُّكُمُ ادْعُونِي أَسْتَجِبْ لَكُمْ ۚ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَسْتَكْبِرُونَ عَنْ عِبَادَتِي سَيَدْخُلُونَ جَهَنَّمَ دَاخِرِينَ
📘 And your Lord has said, �Call on Me and I will respond to you��He said:[It is a requirement of] chivalry (muruwwa), that supplication (duʿāʾ) should be answered, without doubt. It [supplication] is a quiver of arrows. A believer does not supplicate God, Exalted is He, without His either answering him by granting him exactly what he asked for, even though that servant may not be aware of it, or repelling thereby something evil from him, or recording for him a good deed because of it.He was asked, �What is the meaning of the saying: �Supplication is the best of deeds?�� He replied:It is because it [supplication] is a way of humbly imploring [God] (taḍarruʿ), taking refuge (iltijāʾ) [in Him], and showing one�s poverty (faqr) and neediness (fāqa) [for Him].His words:
الَّذِينَ يَحْمِلُونَ الْعَرْشَ وَمَنْ حَوْلَهُ يُسَبِّحُونَ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّهِمْ وَيُؤْمِنُونَ بِهِ وَيَسْتَغْفِرُونَ لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا رَبَّنَا وَسِعْتَ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ رَحْمَةً وَعِلْمًا فَاغْفِرْ لِلَّذِينَ تَابُوا وَاتَّبَعُوا سَبِيلَكَ وَقِهِمْ عَذَابَ الْجَحِيمِ
📘 �So forgive those who repent�He said:They are those who repent from heedlessness, find intimacy in remembrance and follow the Sunna of Muṣṭafā . His words:
فَلَمْ يَكُ يَنْفَعُهُمْ إِيمَانُهُمْ لَمَّا رَأَوْا بَأْسَنَا ۖ سُنَّتَ اللَّهِ الَّتِي قَدْ خَلَتْ فِي عِبَادِهِ ۖ وَخَسِرَ هُنَالِكَ الْكَافِرُونَ
📘 �[This is] God�s way (sunna) with His slaves, which has its precedent...He said:[The word] sunna is derived from some of the names of God, Exalted is He: the letter �sīn� stands for sanāʾūhu (His resplendence), the letter �nūn� stands for nūruhu (His light) and �hā� stands for hidāyatuhu (His guidance). His saying: God�s way means: ⸢His �primordial nature� (fiṭratuhu) upon which He moulds (jabala) the elite among His servants, out of His guidance for them⸣, and thus they are [already disposed towards] the norms (ʿalā sunan) of the clear path to Him. But God, Glorified and Exalted is He, knows best. His saying:
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