🕋 تفسير سورة الأحقاف
(Al-Ahqaf) • المصدر: EN-TAFSIR-AL-TUSTARI
وَوَصَّيْنَا الْإِنْسَانَ بِوَالِدَيْهِ إِحْسَانًا ۖ حَمَلَتْهُ أُمُّهُ كُرْهًا وَوَضَعَتْهُ كُرْهًا ۖ وَحَمْلُهُ وَفِصَالُهُ ثَلَاثُونَ شَهْرًا ۚ حَتَّىٰ إِذَا بَلَغَ أَشُدَّهُ وَبَلَغَ أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً قَالَ رَبِّ أَوْزِعْنِي أَنْ أَشْكُرَ نِعْمَتَكَ الَّتِي أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيَّ وَعَلَىٰ وَالِدَيَّ وَأَنْ أَعْمَلَ صَالِحًا تَرْضَاهُ وَأَصْلِحْ لِي فِي ذُرِّيَّتِي ۖ إِنِّي تُبْتُ إِلَيْكَ وَإِنِّي مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ
📘 �[So that] he may say: �Lord, inspire me to be truly grateful for the favour with which You have blessed me��He said:That is, �Inspire me to repent and do works of obedience.�His words:��Invest my offspring with righteousness��He said:�Make them Your true servants and faithful heirs for me.�His words:
قَالُوا يَا قَوْمَنَا إِنَّا سَمِعْنَا كِتَابًا أُنْزِلَ مِنْ بَعْدِ مُوسَىٰ مُصَدِّقًا لِمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ يَهْدِي إِلَى الْحَقِّ وَإِلَىٰ طَرِيقٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ
📘 ��It guides to the truth and a straight way.� He said:That is, it shows the path of truth, [as that] by which one leaves dealings (muʿāmalāt) and formalities (rusūmāt) behind, [and endeavours] to realise the truth (taḥqīq al-ḥaqq), which is the straight path (ṣirāṭ mustaqīm).His words:
يَا قَوْمَنَا أَجِيبُوا دَاعِيَ اللَّهِ وَآمِنُوا بِهِ يَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ مِنْ ذُنُوبِكُمْ وَيُجِرْكُمْ مِنْ عَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ
📘 �O our people! Respond to God�s summoner...�He said:None can respond to the one who summons, except he who has heard the call (nidāʾ), and then has been granted success to do good things, and has attained certainty (yaqīn). Otherwise, who can respond well to the call?And he further said:Truly, in the heart of every believer there is one who summons him to his right course (rushd). The fortunate person is he who is attentive to the call of that summoner, and follows it up.His words, Exalted is He:
فَاصْبِرْ كَمَا صَبَرَ أُولُو الْعَزْمِ مِنَ الرُّسُلِ وَلَا تَسْتَعْجِلْ لَهُمْ ۚ كَأَنَّهُمْ يَوْمَ يَرَوْنَ مَا يُوعَدُونَ لَمْ يَلْبَثُوا إِلَّا سَاعَةً مِنْ نَهَارٍ ۚ بَلَاغٌ ۚ فَهَلْ يُهْلَكُ إِلَّا الْقَوْمُ الْفَاسِقُونَ
📘 So endure [with patience] like those messengers of firm resolve�He said:It means, �Be patient with the patience (ṣabr) of the people of gnosis (ahl al-maʿrifa), just as those of firm resolve (ūlū�l-ʿazm) among the messengers showed patience, a patience which is [one of] contentment (riḍā) and submission (taslīm) without complaint (shakwā) or impatience (or anxiety, jazaʿ).� Abraham, God�s friend , was afflicted with the fire, and the sacrifice of his son, but accepted it with contentment (riḍā) and submitted. Job was afflicted by sickness, and Ishmael with the sacrifice and [likewise] showed contentment. Noah [was tested] with denial but remained steadfast (ṣabara), while Jonah [was placed] in the belly of the whale, but called on God and sought refuge in Him. Joseph, God�s blessings be upon him, [was afflicted with] prison and the well, but he did not alter; and Jacob was tested by the loss of his sight and his son, but he complained of his grief only to God and did not complain to anyone else. There are twelve prophets, God�s blessings be upon them, who remained steadfast in the face of what befell them, and they are known as �those of firm resolve (ūlū�l-ʿazm) among the messengers�. But God, Transcendent and Exalted is He, knows best.His words, Exalted is He:
وَإِذَا حُشِرَ النَّاسُ كَانُوا لَهُمْ أَعْدَاءً وَكَانُوا بِعِبَادَتِهِمْ كَافِرِينَ
📘 And when mankind are gathered, [at the Resurrection], they will be enemies to them... He said:[This] concerns their lower selves, which led them into following them, [they will be turned against them] as a penalty for their allowing their desire to rule [over them], for they [their lower selves] will bear witness against them. Indeed, the Messenger of God said: �Truly, the severest foe of man is his self that is between his two sides.� His words, Exalted is He:
قُلْ مَا كُنْتُ بِدْعًا مِنَ الرُّسُلِ وَمَا أَدْرِي مَا يُفْعَلُ بِي وَلَا بِكُمْ ۖ إِنْ أَتَّبِعُ إِلَّا مَا يُوحَىٰ إِلَيَّ وَمَا أَنَا إِلَّا نَذِيرٌ مُبِينٌ
📘 Say, �I am nothing new among God�s messengers��He said:That is, �There were messengers before me who commanded what I command [you] and forbadewhat I forbid [you]. I am not peculiar (ʿajab) among the messengers. I do not call you to anything except the profession of God�s oneness (tawḥīd), and I do not guide you to anything other than the noblest of ethics (makārim al-akhlāq). It was with this that the prophets before me were sent.�His words, Exalted is He:
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