🕋 تفسير سورة محمد
(Muhammad) • المصدر: EN-TAFSIR-AL-TUSTARI
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَصَدُّوا عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أَضَلَّ أَعْمَالَهُمْ
📘 God will bring to naught the deeds of those who disbelieve and bar others from the way of God.He said:He brought them to naught because of their utterance of words that had no reality (ḥaqīqa) behind them.His words:
ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ مَوْلَى الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَأَنَّ الْكَافِرِينَ لَا مَوْلَىٰ لَهُمْ
📘 That is because God is patron (mawlā) of those who believe�That is, by His good pleasure, love and His keeping them in the station of proximity (qurb).His words:
وَكَأَيِّنْ مِنْ قَرْيَةٍ هِيَ أَشَدُّ قُوَّةً مِنْ قَرْيَتِكَ الَّتِي أَخْرَجَتْكَ أَهْلَكْنَاهُمْ فَلَا نَاصِرَ لَهُمْ
📘 And how many a town, mightier in power than your town, which expelled you, have We destroyed and they had none to help them.In this verse there is proof of his [Muḥammad�s] superiority over Kalīm [Moses], because he did not leave out of fear of them in the way that Moses did, but he left in the way that God, Exalted is He, said in the words: which expelled you. He did not say �you left�, nor ⸢�you fled�⸣, nor �you felt afraid�, for he [acted] by God and for God at all times, and it never happened that his attention was diverted to other [than Him] in any particular situation.His words:
أَفَمَنْ كَانَ عَلَىٰ بَيِّنَةٍ مِنْ رَبِّهِ كَمَنْ زُيِّنَ لَهُ سُوءُ عَمَلِهِ وَاتَّبَعُوا أَهْوَاءَهُمْ
📘 Is he who follows a clear sign from his Lord�?He said:The believer has a clear explanation (bayān) from his Lord and whoever has a clear proof (bayyina) from his Lord adheres to following the established ways of the Prophet (sunan).His words, Exalted is He:Know, then, that there is no god but God�He said:All people are dead except those who know (ʿulamāʾ), and for this reason He summoned His Prophet to the abode of life (maḥall al-ḥayāt), through knowledge (ʿilm), with His words: Know�His words:
مَثَلُ الْجَنَّةِ الَّتِي وُعِدَ الْمُتَّقُونَ ۖ فِيهَا أَنْهَارٌ مِنْ مَاءٍ غَيْرِ آسِنٍ وَأَنْهَارٌ مِنْ لَبَنٍ لَمْ يَتَغَيَّرْ طَعْمُهُ وَأَنْهَارٌ مِنْ خَمْرٍ لَذَّةٍ لِلشَّارِبِينَ وَأَنْهَارٌ مِنْ عَسَلٍ مُصَفًّى ۖ وَلَهُمْ فِيهَا مِنْ كُلِّ الثَّمَرَاتِ وَمَغْفِرَةٌ مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ ۖ كَمَنْ هُوَ خَالِدٌ فِي النَّارِ وَسُقُوا مَاءً حَمِيمًا فَقَطَّعَ أَمْعَاءَهُمْ
📘 �and forgiveness from their Lord. He said:Forgiveness from their Lord in Paradise is the lights of God which cover them at their vision of Him. His words:
فَاعْلَمْ أَنَّهُ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَاسْتَغْفِرْ لِذَنْبِكَ وَلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ مُتَقَلَّبَكُمْ وَمَثْوَاكُمْ
📘 �And ask forgiveness for your sin and for the believing men and women�He said:That is, �Seek forgiveness for the desire (himma) of the natural self (nafs al-ṭabʿ).� The Prophet said, �There is not one among us who has not had the desire [to do something] and then transgressed.�This means that a [person�s] lower self (nafs) intended something, overwhelming the heart (ʿalā�l-qalb), for the immediate [gratification of its share of] lusts (ʿājil al-shahawāt), but then thatperson turned away from that [intent] and sought forgiveness from God, just as the Prophet said: �Truly, my heart becomes clouded, and truly I ask forgiveness from God, Exalted is He, seventy times every day.� His words:
أَفَلَا يَتَدَبَّرُونَ الْقُرْآنَ أَمْ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبٍ أَقْفَالُهَا
📘 �or is it that they have locks on their hearts?He said:God, Exalted is He, created the hearts, and secured them with locks. Then He made the realitiesof faith (ḥaqāʾiq al-īmān) the keys to hearts. With those keys, the only hearts He opened to realisation (taḥqīq) were those of His friends (awliyāʾ), messengers (rusul) Â, and the veracious (ṣiddīqūn). The rest of people leave this world without the locks on their hearts being opened. The renunciants (zuhhād), devout worshippers (ʿubbād), and scholars (ʿulamāʾ) will leave this world with locked hearts because they sought the keys to them with the intellect (ʿaql), and thus strayed from the path. If only they had sought them by having recourse to God-given success (tawfīq) and grace (faḍl), they would have attained them [the keys]. The key is to know that God is taking care of you (qāʾim ʿalayka), and watching over (raqīb) your bodily members, and to know that works are not complete without sincerity (ikhlāṣ) accompanied by heedfulness (murāqāba) [of God].His words:
۞ يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ وَلَا تُبْطِلُوا أَعْمَالَكُمْ
📘 �Obey God and obey the Messenger�That is, in revering (taʿẓīm) God. �Do not render your own works void, that is, by seeing them as coming from yourselves and by seeking recompense (aʿwāḍ) from your Lord, for sincere works are those that are done without seeking recompense.His words, Exalted is He:
هَا أَنْتُمْ هَٰؤُلَاءِ تُدْعَوْنَ لِتُنْفِقُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَمِنْكُمْ مَنْ يَبْخَلُ ۖ وَمَنْ يَبْخَلْ فَإِنَّمَا يَبْخَلُ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ ۚ وَاللَّهُ الْغَنِيُّ وَأَنْتُمُ الْفُقَرَاءُ ۚ وَإِنْ تَتَوَلَّوْا يَسْتَبْدِلْ قَوْمًا غَيْرَكُمْ ثُمَّ لَا يَكُونُوا أَمْثَالَكُمْ
📘 �God is the Self-Sufficient One, while you are the needy�.Gnosis (maʿrifa) of the secret [divine] mystery (sirr) is [attained] entirely through neediness (faqr), and that is God�s secret (sirr Allāh). The knowledge of [one�s] neediness for God, Exalted is He, is the corrective to the knowledge that [one has] richness (ghinā) through God, Mighty and Majestic is He. But God, Glorified and Exalted is He, knows best.His words, Exalted is He:
سَيَهْدِيهِمْ وَيُصْلِحُ بَالَهُمْ
📘 He will guide them and dispose their minds aright.He said:This means that He will guide them in their graves to answer Munkar and Nakīr correctly; and dispose their minds aright, that is, He will bring about the commencement of the reward in their hearts [in the grave] (jazāʾ), and in the Hereafter, the delight of the meeting [with Him] (ladhdhat al-liqāʾ) at the moment of the manifestation (tajallī) of unveiling (mukāshafa), as a face-to-face encounter (kifāḥan), and thereupon, [His] taking care (tawallī) of them, as when He says:
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