🕋 تفسير سورة النجم
(An-Najm) • المصدر: EN-TAFSIR-AL-TUSTARI
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ وَالنَّجْمِ إِذَا هَوَىٰ
📘 By the star when it sets,That is, [by] Muḥammad when he returned from the heavens. His words, Exalted is He:
مَا كَذَبَ الْفُؤَادُ مَا رَأَىٰ
📘 The heart did not deny what he saw.⸢That is to say, what he saw⸣ at the witnessing (mushāhada) of his Lord, through the vision (baṣar) of his heart as a face-to-face encounter (kifāḥ). His words, Exalted is He:
أَفَتُمَارُونَهُ عَلَىٰ مَا يَرَىٰ
📘 Will you then dispute with him concerning what he saw?What he saw from Us and through Us; and what he sees from Us and through Us is more excellent than what he sees ⸢from Us⸣ through himself. His words, Exalted is He:
وَلَقَدْ رَآهُ نَزْلَةً أُخْرَىٰ
📘 And verily he saw him another time,He said:That is, in the beginning when God, Glorified and Exalted is He, created him as a light within a column of light (nūran fī ʿamūd al-nūr), a million years before creation, with the essential characteristics of faith (ṭabāʾiʿ al-īmān), in a witnessing of the unseen within the unseen (mushāhadat al-ghayb bi�l-ghayb). He stood before Him in servanthood (ʿubūdiyya), by the lote tree of the Ultimate Boundary [53:14], this being a tree at which the knowledge of every person reaches its limit.
إِذْ يَغْشَى السِّدْرَةَ مَا يَغْشَىٰ
📘 when there shrouded the lote tree that which shrouded [it].This means: ⸢that which shrouded⸣ the lote tree (ay mā yaghshā al-shajara) was from the light of Muḥammad as he worshipped. It could be likened to golden moths, which God sets in motion towards Him from the wonders of His secrets. All this is in order to increase him [Muḥammad] in firmness (thabāt) for the influx [of graces] (mawārid) which he received [from above].
مَا زَاغَ الْبَصَرُ وَمَا طَغَىٰ
📘 The eye did not swerve, nor did it go beyond [the bounds].He did not incline to the evidences of his self (shawāhid nafsihi), nor to witnessing them (mushāhadatihā), but was totally absorbed in the witnessing (mushāhada) of his Lord, Exalted is He, seeing (shāhid) the attributes [of God] that were being manifested [to him], which required firmness from him in that place (maḥall).
لَقَدْ رَأَىٰ مِنْ آيَاتِ رَبِّهِ الْكُبْرَىٰ
📘 Verily he saw some of the greatest signs of his Lord.That is, those of His attributes that became manifest through His signs. Though he saw them, he did not let slip [his gaze] from his witnessed Object (mashhūd) [of worship], and did not withdraw from the vicinity of his worshipped Object (maʿbūd), but rather [what he saw] only increased him in love (maḥabba), longing (shawq) and strength (quwwa).God gave him the strength by which he could bear the theophany (tajallī) and supreme lights (anwār ʿaẓīma). This was out of his being favoured above the other prophets. Do you not see how Moses fell down in a swoon at the theophany. Yet twice as much did the Prophet penetrateit (jābahu) in his contemplation, through a face-to-face encounter with the sight of his heart (kifāḥan bi-baṣar qalbihi), and yet remained firm due to the strength of his state, and his elevated station (maqām) and rank (daraja). His words, Exalted is He:
مَا ضَلَّ صَاحِبُكُمْ وَمَا غَوَىٰ
📘 your companion has neither gone astray nor has he erred,He said:That is, he never ever strayed from the reality of the divine oneness (ḥaqīqat al-tawḥīd), nor ever followed Satan under any circumstances.His words, Exalted is He:
وَمَا يَنْطِقُ عَنِ الْهَوَىٰ
📘 nor does he speak out of [his own] desire,[He said]:That is, he never ever utters falsehoods (bāṭil).Then he said:His utterances were among the proofs (ḥujaj) of God, Exalted is He, so how could desire or Satan have any means of thwarting him?His words, Exalted is He:
وَأَنَّ سَعْيَهُ سَوْفَ يُرَىٰ
📘 and that his endeavour will be seen, He said:That is, his endeavour (saʿī) will be seen, and he will know that it is not worthy of God. He will see what his endeavour is entitled to, and that if God�s grace did not reach him, his endeavour would come to nought.His words, Exalted is He:
وَأَنَّهُ هُوَ أَضْحَكَ وَأَبْكَىٰ
📘 and that it is He who makes to laugh and to weep,He said:That is, He made the obedient laugh with His mercy (raḥma) and destroyed the transgressors with His wrath (sakhṭ). He made the hearts of the mystics joyful with the light of gnosis of Him and made the hearts of His enemies grieve with the darkness of His wrath.
وَأَنَّهُ هُوَ أَمَاتَ وَأَحْيَا
📘 and that it is He who brings death and gives life,He said:He caused the hearts of His enemies to die through disbelief (kufr) and darkness (ẓulma), and He gave life to the hearts of His friends through faith (īmān) and the lights of gnosis (anwār al-maʿrifa).
وَأَنَّهُ هُوَ أَغْنَىٰ وَأَقْنَىٰ
📘 and that it is He who gives wealth and grants possessionsHe said:Its outward meaning refers to worldly possessions, and its inner meaning is that He enriches [His servants] through obedience and impoverishes them through disobedience.Ibn ʿUyayna said, He who gives wealth and grants possessions means: He gives satisfaction (aqnaʿa) and contentment (arḍā). But God, Glorified and Exalted is He, knows best.His words, Exalted is He:
ثُمَّ دَنَا فَتَدَلَّىٰ
📘 Then he drew near and drew closer still,He said:That is, he approached, drawing closer and closer.His words, Exalted is He:
Book A Free Trial