🕋 تفسير سورة الواقعة
(Al-Waqia) • المصدر: EN-TAFSIR-AL-TUSTARI
وَالسَّابِقُونَ السَّابِقُونَ
📘 And the foremost, the foremost.He said:They are those for whom God�s election (ikhtiyār) and special friendship (wilāya) preceded them before they were even brought into existence. The ones who are brought near [to God] [56:11] are in stations of proximity (manāzil al-qurb), and [enjoy] the ease of intimacy (rawḥ al-uns). They are the ones who were the foremost (sabaqū) in this life. The prophets were the foremost in having faith in God; the veracious (ṣiddīqūn) and martyrs (shuhadāʾ) among the Companions and others were the foremost in having faith in the prophets.His words, Exalted is He:
ثُلَّةٌ مِنَ الْأَوَّلِينَ
📘 a multitude from the former [generations], He said:That is, a group of those of old (awwalūn), and they are the people of gnosis (maʿrifa) [from the past].
لَا يَسْمَعُونَ فِيهَا لَغْوًا وَلَا تَأْثِيمًا
📘 They will not hear therein any vain talk or any sinful words.He said:It is in no way a scene of frivolity (laghw), nor is it a place of sin (ithm), for it is a place which has been sanctified with [divine] lights for the holy (muqaddasūn) among His servants. Indeed, it is what has become manifest from them and upon them that makes them worthy of that station.His words, Exalted is He:
خَافِضَةٌ رَافِعَةٌ
📘 It will be abasing [some], exalting [others].He said:This means: on the Day of Resurrection some people will be brought low by their false claims (daʿāwā), and some people will be raised high by their realities (ḥaqāʾiq). His words, Exalted is He:
وَثُلَّةٌ مِنَ الْآخِرِينَ
📘 and a few from later ones.They are those who believed in Muḥammad and in all the messengers and books.His words, Exalted is He:
وَكُنْتُمْ أَزْوَاجًا ثَلَاثَةً
📘 you will be three kinds (azwāj).He said:That is to say, three different groups (firaq).
فَأَصْحَابُ الْمَيْمَنَةِ مَا أَصْحَابُ الْمَيْمَنَةِ
📘 Those of the right [hand], what of those of the right [hand]?This means those who are given the book [of deeds] in their right hand.
فَلَوْلَا إِذَا بَلَغَتِ الْحُلْقُومَ
📘 Why then, when it reaches the dying man�s throat,That is, his soul reaches the throat, while he is in a state of bewilderment (mutaḥayyir), as he does not know what will become of him.Similarly, it was related of Masrūq b. al-Ajdaʿ that he wept while he was dying and when his weeping intensified, he was asked, �What makes you weep?� He replied, �How can I not weep when it is a matter of an hour and then I do not know where I will be taken.�
فَأَمَّا إِنْ كَانَ مِنَ الْمُقَرَّبِينَ
📘 Thus if he be of those brought near,By which is meant the prophets, the martyrs and the virtuous (ṣāliḥūn), of whom some are superior in rank to others. Their stations in nearness [to God] are according to the degree of proximity of their hearts to the gnosis (maʿrifa) of God, Exalted is He.
فَرَوْحٌ وَرَيْحَانٌ وَجَنَّتُ نَعِيمٍ
📘 then repose and a goodly provision and a garden of bliss,in Paradise. Abū al-ʿĀliya said regarding this verse, �Not one of these men would leave this world until he had been brought a sprig from the fragrant herb (rayḥān) of Paradise, and given a whiff of it, then he would die, his spirit flowing into it [Paradise].�
وَأَصْحَابُ الْمَشْأَمَةِ مَا أَصْحَابُ الْمَشْأَمَةِ
📘 And those of the left hand, what of those of the left [hand]?This means those who are given the book [of deeds] in their left hand.
وَأَمَّا إِنْ كَانَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْيَمِينِ
📘 and if he be of those of the right [hand],He said:By which is meant those who realise God�s oneness (muwaḥḥidūn). The outcome (ʿāqiba) will be theirs, for they were God�s faithful servants who delivered the trust (amāna), namely, that which He has commanded and prohibited. Those who followed in excellence (iḥsān) did not commit any transgressions nor did they make any slips, so they became secure from the fear (khawf) and terror (hawl) which comes to [others].His words, Exalted is He:
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