🕋 تفسير سورة الكهف
(Al-Kahf) • المصدر: EN-TAFSIR-IBN-ABBAS
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي أَنْزَلَ عَلَىٰ عَبْدِهِ الْكِتَابَ وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ لَهُ عِوَجًا ۜ
📘 And from his own narration on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas that he said regarding the meaning of Allah's words (Praise be to Allah): '(Praise be to Allah) He says: gratitude is Allah's and divinity is His (Who hath revealed the Scripture) who has sent Gabriel with the Qur'an (unto His slave) Muhammad (pbuh) (and hath not placed therein any crookedness) He did not reveal it as different from the Torah, the Gospel or other Scriptures, as far as divine Oneness and the attributes and description of Muhammad (pbuh) are concerned. This verse was revealed about the Jews when they claimed that the Qur'an was different from all previous Scriptures,
إِذْ أَوَى الْفِتْيَةُ إِلَى الْكَهْفِ فَقَالُوا رَبَّنَا آتِنَا مِنْ لَدُنْكَ رَحْمَةً وَهَيِّئْ لَنَا مِنْ أَمْرِنَا رَشَدًا
📘 (When the young men fled for refuge to the Cave) when a group of youth entered the Cave (and said) when they entered the cave: (Our Lord!) O our Lord! (Give us mercy from Thy presence) i.e. make us hold firmly to your religion (and shape for us right conduct in our plight) make for us a way out.
وَعَرَضْنَا جَهَنَّمَ يَوْمَئِذٍ لِلْكَافِرِينَ عَرْضًا
📘 (On that day) the Day of Judgement (We shall present hell) We shall reveal hell (to the disbelievers) before they enter it, (plain to view) clear for them to see,
الَّذِينَ كَانَتْ أَعْيُنُهُمْ فِي غِطَاءٍ عَنْ ذِكْرِي وَكَانُوا لَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ سَمْعًا
📘 (Those whose eyes were hoodwinked) those whose eyes were blind (from My reminder) to My divine Oneness and Scripture, (and who could not bear to hear) the recitation of the Qur'an due to their hatred of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh).
أَفَحَسِبَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا أَنْ يَتَّخِذُوا عِبَادِي مِنْ دُونِي أَوْلِيَاءَ ۚ إِنَّا أَعْتَدْنَا جَهَنَّمَ لِلْكَافِرِينَ نُزُلًا
📘 (Do the disbelievers) in Muhammad (pbuh) and in the Qur'an (reckon that they can choose My bondmen) can worship My servants (as protecting friends beside Me?) think that they can choose my servants as deities beside Me; thinking that they will help them in this life and in the Hereafter? It is also said that this means: is it enough that the disbelievers choose to worship My servants as deities? (Lo! We have prepared hell as a welcome for the disbelievers).
قُلْ هَلْ نُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِالْأَخْسَرِينَ أَعْمَالًا
📘 (Say) O Muhammad: (Shall We inform you who will be the greatest losers by their works) in the Hereafter?
الَّذِينَ ضَلَّ سَعْيُهُمْ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَهُمْ يَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّهُمْ يُحْسِنُونَ صُنْعًا
📘 (Those whose effort goeth astray) those whose works are thwarted (in the life of the world) these are the Kharijites; and it is also said that this refers to anchorites, (and yet they reckon that they do good work) and yet think that they are doing righteous works.
أُولَٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِآيَاتِ رَبِّهِمْ وَلِقَائِهِ فَحَبِطَتْ أَعْمَالُهُمْ فَلَا نُقِيمُ لَهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَزْنًا
📘 (Those are they who disbelieve in the revelations of their Lord) they disbelieve in Muhammad (pbuh) and in the Qur'an, (and in the meeting with Him) i.e. in resurrection after death. (Therefore their works) their good works (are vain) are thwarted, (and on the Day of Resurrection We assign no weight to them) to their works; it is also said that this means: not an atom weight of their works will be weighed on the Day of Judgement.
ذَٰلِكَ جَزَاؤُهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ بِمَا كَفَرُوا وَاتَّخَذُوا آيَاتِي وَرُسُلِي هُزُوًا
📘 (That is their reward: hell, because they disbelieved) in Muhammad (pbuh) and in the Qur'an, (and made a jest) and mockery (of Our revelations) Our Scripture (and Our messengers) Muhammad (pbuh) and others.
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ كَانَتْ لَهُمْ جَنَّاتُ الْفِرْدَوْسِ نُزُلًا
📘 (Lo! those who believe) in Muhammad (pbuh) and in the Qur'an (and do good works) acts of obedience, secretly between themselves and their Lord, (theirs are the Gardens of Paradise) the highest rank therein, (for welcome) as a dwelling for them,
خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا لَا يَبْغُونَ عَنْهَا حِوَلًا
📘 (Wherein they will abide, with no desire to be removed from thence) to another place.
قُلْ لَوْ كَانَ الْبَحْرُ مِدَادًا لِكَلِمَاتِ رَبِّي لَنَفِدَ الْبَحْرُ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْفَدَ كَلِمَاتُ رَبِّي وَلَوْ جِئْنَا بِمِثْلِهِ مَدَدًا
📘 (Say) O Muhammad to the Jews: (Though the sea became ink for the Words of my Lord) for the knowledge of my Lord, (verily the sea would be used up before the Words of my Lord were exhausted) it is also said that 'the Words of my Lord' means: the disposition of my Lord, (even though We brought the like thereof to help) as an addition.
فَضَرَبْنَا عَلَىٰ آذَانِهِمْ فِي الْكَهْفِ سِنِينَ عَدَدًا
📘 (Then We sealed up their hearing) We cast sleep over them, such that they slept (in the Cave for a number of years) 309 years.
قُلْ إِنَّمَا أَنَا بَشَرٌ مِثْلُكُمْ يُوحَىٰ إِلَيَّ أَنَّمَا إِلَٰهُكُمْ إِلَٰهٌ وَاحِدٌ ۖ فَمَنْ كَانَ يَرْجُو لِقَاءَ رَبِّهِ فَلْيَعْمَلْ عَمَلًا صَالِحًا وَلَا يُشْرِكْ بِعِبَادَةِ رَبِّهِ أَحَدًا
📘 (Say) O Muhammad: (I am only a mortal like you) I am a human being like you. (My Lord inspireth in me) through Gabriel (that your God is only One God) and He has no son or partner. (And whoever hopeth for the meeting with his Lord) whoever fears resurrection after death, (let him do righteous work) sincerely, and secretly between him and his Lord, (and make none sharer of the worship due unto his Lord) he should not show off or associate in the worship of his Lord anything or anyone; it is also said that this means: he should not associate in his obedience of his Lord anything or anyone. This verse was revealed about Jundub Ibn Zuhayr al-'Amiri'.
ثُمَّ بَعَثْنَاهُمْ لِنَعْلَمَ أَيُّ الْحِزْبَيْنِ أَحْصَىٰ لِمَا لَبِثُوا أَمَدًا
📘 (And afterward We raised them up) We woke them up just as We sent them to sleep (that We might know) We might see (which of the two parties) the believers or the disbelievers (would best calculate the time) the duration (that they had tarried) in the Cave.
نَحْنُ نَقُصُّ عَلَيْكَ نَبَأَهُمْ بِالْحَقِّ ۚ إِنَّهُمْ فِتْيَةٌ آمَنُوا بِرَبِّهِمْ وَزِدْنَاهُمْ هُدًى
📘 (We narrate unto thee) We exposit to you (their story with truth. Lo! they were young men who believed in their Lord, and We increased them in guidance) in insight into the matter of their religion; it is also said that this means: We made them firm in their faith.
وَرَبَطْنَا عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِمْ إِذْ قَامُوا فَقَالُوا رَبُّنَا رَبُّ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ لَنْ نَدْعُوَ مِنْ دُونِهِ إِلَٰهًا ۖ لَقَدْ قُلْنَا إِذًا شَطَطًا
📘 (And We made firm their hearts) We preserved their hearts with faith; it is also said that: We inspired them to hold fast to patience (when they stood forth) when they left the disbelieving emperor Decius (Duqyanus) (and said: Our Lord is the Lord of the heavens and the earth. We cry unto) we worship (no god beside Him, for then should we utter an enormity) for then we would be telling lies and falsehood about Allah.
هَٰؤُلَاءِ قَوْمُنَا اتَّخَذُوا مِنْ دُونِهِ آلِهَةً ۖ لَوْلَا يَأْتُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ بِسُلْطَانٍ بَيِّنٍ ۖ فَمَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّنِ افْتَرَىٰ عَلَى اللَّهِ كَذِبًا
📘 (These, our people, have chosen (other) gods) they have worshipped idols (beside Him though they bring no clear warrant) a clear proof ((vouchsafed) to them) that Allah commanded them to worship them. (And who doth greater wrong than he who inventeth a lie concerning Allah) that He has a partner?
وَإِذِ اعْتَزَلْتُمُوهُمْ وَمَا يَعْبُدُونَ إِلَّا اللَّهَ فَأْوُوا إِلَى الْكَهْفِ يَنْشُرْ لَكُمْ رَبُّكُمْ مِنْ رَحْمَتِهِ وَيُهَيِّئْ لَكُمْ مِنْ أَمْرِكُمْ مِرْفَقًا
📘 (And when ye withdraw from them) and when you leave them and their religion (and that which they worship) of idols beside Allah, therefore worship none (except Allah, then seek refuge in the Cave) enter this Cave; (your Lord will spread for you) He will bestow upon you (of His mercy) of His blessings (and will prepare for you a pillow in your plight) He will prepare for you that which will be kind towards you tomorrow. All this was said by the group of youth.
۞ وَتَرَى الشَّمْسَ إِذَا طَلَعَتْ تَزَاوَرُ عَنْ كَهْفِهِمْ ذَاتَ الْيَمِينِ وَإِذَا غَرَبَتْ تَقْرِضُهُمْ ذَاتَ الشِّمَالِ وَهُمْ فِي فَجْوَةٍ مِنْهُ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ مِنْ آيَاتِ اللَّهِ ۗ مَنْ يَهْدِ اللَّهُ فَهُوَ الْمُهْتَدِ ۖ وَمَنْ يُضْلِلْ فَلَنْ تَجِدَ لَهُ وَلِيًّا مُرْشِدًا
📘 (And thou mightest have seen the sun when it rose move away) decline (from their cave to the right) the right of the Cave, (and when it set go past them on the left) the left of the Cave, (and they were in the cleft thereof) on a side of the Cave; it is also said that this means: they were in a space which was reached by the light of day. (That) which I have mentioned of their story (was (one) of the portents of Allah) of the marvels of Allah. (He whom Allah guideth) to His religion, (he indeed is led aright) to his religion, (and he whom He sendeth astray, for him thou wilt not find a guiding friend) who might lead him to the guidance.
وَتَحْسَبُهُمْ أَيْقَاظًا وَهُمْ رُقُودٌ ۚ وَنُقَلِّبُهُمْ ذَاتَ الْيَمِينِ وَذَاتَ الشِّمَالِ ۖ وَكَلْبُهُمْ بَاسِطٌ ذِرَاعَيْهِ بِالْوَصِيدِ ۚ لَوِ اطَّلَعْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ لَوَلَّيْتَ مِنْهُمْ فِرَارًا وَلَمُلِئْتَ مِنْهُمْ رُعْبًا
📘 (And thou wouldst have deemed them) O Muhammad (waking) not sleeping (though they were asleep, and we caused them to turn over to the right and the left) once each year so that the earth does not eat away their flesh, (and their dog) Qatmir (stretching out his paws on the threshold) at the entrance of the Cave. (If thou hadst observed them closely) in that state (thou hadst assuredly turned away from them in flight, and hadst been filled with awe of them) and you would have been sacred of them.
وَكَذَٰلِكَ بَعَثْنَاهُمْ لِيَتَسَاءَلُوا بَيْنَهُمْ ۚ قَالَ قَائِلٌ مِنْهُمْ كَمْ لَبِثْتُمْ ۖ قَالُوا لَبِثْنَا يَوْمًا أَوْ بَعْضَ يَوْمٍ ۚ قَالُوا رَبُّكُمْ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا لَبِثْتُمْ فَابْعَثُوا أَحَدَكُمْ بِوَرِقِكُمْ هَٰذِهِ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ فَلْيَنْظُرْ أَيُّهَا أَزْكَىٰ طَعَامًا فَلْيَأْتِكُمْ بِرِزْقٍ مِنْهُ وَلْيَتَلَطَّفْ وَلَا يُشْعِرَنَّ بِكُمْ أَحَدًا
📘 (And in like manner We awakened them), after 309 years, (that they might question one another) so that they might talk to one another. (A speaker from among them) this is their chief and leader: Maxmillian (Maksilmina) (said: How long have ye tarried) in this Cave after you slept? (They said: We have tarried a day) and when they left the cave and saw that the sun did set yet, they said: (or some part of a day. (Others) said) i.e. Maxmillian: (Your Lord best knoweth what ye have tarried) after you slept. (Now send one of you) Yamblichus (Yamlikha) (with this your silver coin unto the city) of Ephesus (Afsus), (and let him see what food is purest there) the largest quantity; it is also said that this means: the best of bread and most lawful slaughtered meat (and bring you a supply thereof. Let him be courteous) when buying (and let no man) let no Magian (know of you) find out about you.
قَيِّمًا لِيُنْذِرَ بَأْسًا شَدِيدًا مِنْ لَدُنْهُ وَيُبَشِّرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الَّذِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ الصَّالِحَاتِ أَنَّ لَهُمْ أَجْرًا حَسَنًا
📘 ((But hath made it) straight) and it is also said that this means: custodian over all other Scriptures, (to give warning) so that Muhammad (pbuh) gives warning by means of the Qur'an (of stern punishment from Him, and to bring) and so that Muhammad brings the Qur'an (unto the) sincere (believers who do good works) between them and their Lord (the news that theirs will be a fair reward) they will have a fair reward in Paradise.
إِنَّهُمْ إِنْ يَظْهَرُوا عَلَيْكُمْ يَرْجُمُوكُمْ أَوْ يُعِيدُوكُمْ فِي مِلَّتِهِمْ وَلَنْ تُفْلِحُوا إِذًا أَبَدًا
📘 (For they, if they) the Magians (should come to know of you, will stone you) kill you (or turn you back to their religion) Zoroastrianism; (then ye will never prosper) you will never escape from Allah's punishment.
وَكَذَٰلِكَ أَعْثَرْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ لِيَعْلَمُوا أَنَّ وَعْدَ اللَّهِ حَقٌّ وَأَنَّ السَّاعَةَ لَا رَيْبَ فِيهَا إِذْ يَتَنَازَعُونَ بَيْنَهُمْ أَمْرَهُمْ ۖ فَقَالُوا ابْنُوا عَلَيْهِمْ بُنْيَانًا ۖ رَبُّهُمْ أَعْلَمُ بِهِمْ ۚ قَالَ الَّذِينَ غَلَبُوا عَلَىٰ أَمْرِهِمْ لَنَتَّخِذَنَّ عَلَيْهِمْ مَسْجِدًا
📘 (And in like manner We disclosed them (to the people of the city)) the city of Ephesus, the believers among them and the disbelievers, and their king of the time was a believer called Yustafad, the king Decius had died long before that (that they might know) both the believers and disbelievers (that the promise of Allah) resurrection after death (is true) takes place, (and that, as for the Hour, there is no doubt concerning it. When (the people of the city) disputed of their case among themselves) when their words differed among themselves, (they said) i.e. the disbelievers said: (Build over them a building) a church because they are followers of our religion; (their Lord knoweth best concerning them. Those who won their point said) those whose argument did not prevail, i.e. the believers: (We verily shall build a place of worship over them) because they are followers of our religion; their difference being about this point.
سَيَقُولُونَ ثَلَاثَةٌ رَابِعُهُمْ كَلْبُهُمْ وَيَقُولُونَ خَمْسَةٌ سَادِسُهُمْ كَلْبُهُمْ رَجْمًا بِالْغَيْبِ ۖ وَيَقُولُونَ سَبْعَةٌ وَثَامِنُهُمْ كَلْبُهُمْ ۚ قُلْ رَبِّي أَعْلَمُ بِعِدَّتِهِمْ مَا يَعْلَمُهُمْ إِلَّا قَلِيلٌ ۗ فَلَا تُمَارِ فِيهِمْ إِلَّا مِرَاءً ظَاهِرًا وَلَا تَسْتَفْتِ فِيهِمْ مِنْهُمْ أَحَدًا
📘 ((Some) will say) the Christians of Najran, al-Sayyid and his followers who were Nestorians, will say: (They were three) they were three young men in the Cave, (their dog) Qatmir (the fourth, and (some) say) al-'Aqib and his followers who were Jacobite Christians will say: (Five) they were five young men, (their dog the sixth, guessing at random) without having definite knowledge; (and (some) say) the followers of al-Malik who were Melkites: (Seven) they were seven young men, (and their dog the eighth. Say) to them, O Muhammad: (My Lord is best aware of their number. None knoweth them save a few) among the believers. Ibn 'Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him and with his father, said: " I am among those few: they were eight young men, and the dog ". (So contend not concerning them) so do not argue with them concerning the number of the sleepers of the Cave (except with an outward contending) unless you recite the Qur'an to them outwardly, (and ask not any of them to pronounce concerning them) do not ask any one of them about their number; enough is what Allah has clarified to you.
وَلَا تَقُولَنَّ لِشَيْءٍ إِنِّي فَاعِلٌ ذَٰلِكَ غَدًا
📘 (And say not) O Muhammad (of anything: Lo! I shall do that tomorrow) or I shall say that tomorrow,
إِلَّا أَنْ يَشَاءَ اللَّهُ ۚ وَاذْكُرْ رَبَّكَ إِذَا نَسِيتَ وَقُلْ عَسَىٰ أَنْ يَهْدِيَنِ رَبِّي لِأَقْرَبَ مِنْ هَٰذَا رَشَدًا
📘 (Except if Allah will) unless you second it by saying: if Allah will. (And remember thy Lord) without exception (when thou forgettest) even if it is after a while, (and say: It may be that my Lord guideth me) and lead me (unto a nearer way of truth than this) a more correct and certain way than this. This verse was revealed about the Prophet (pbuh) for he said to the idolaters of Mecca when they asked him about the spirit: " tomorrow, I will answer you " , and he forgot to say " if Allah wills ".
وَلَبِثُوا فِي كَهْفِهِمْ ثَلَاثَ مِائَةٍ سِنِينَ وَازْدَادُوا تِسْعًا
📘 (And (it is said) they tarried in their Cave three hundred years and add nine) before Allah made them wake up.
قُلِ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا لَبِثُوا ۖ لَهُ غَيْبُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۖ أَبْصِرْ بِهِ وَأَسْمِعْ ۚ مَا لَهُمْ مِنْ دُونِهِ مِنْ وَلِيٍّ وَلَا يُشْرِكُ فِي حُكْمِهِ أَحَدًا
📘 (Say) O Muhammad: (Allah is best aware how long they tarried) after that. (His is the Invisible of the heavens and the earth) His is that which is hidden from the servants. (How clear of sight is He and keen of hearing!) so hear and know what I see and know about them and their matter (They have no protecting friend beside Him) they have no one to protect them beside Allah; it is also said that this means: the people of Mecca have no close one to benefit them against Allah's chastisement, (and He maketh none to share in His government) in His dominion of the Unseen.
وَاتْلُ مَا أُوحِيَ إِلَيْكَ مِنْ كِتَابِ رَبِّكَ ۖ لَا مُبَدِّلَ لِكَلِمَاتِهِ وَلَنْ تَجِدَ مِنْ دُونِهِ مُلْتَحَدًا
📘 (And recite that which hath been revealed unto thee of the Scripture of thy Lord) He says: recite to them the Qur'an, neither increasing nor decreasing anything from it. (There is none who can change His words, and thou wilt find no refuge beside Him) beside Allah.
وَاصْبِرْ نَفْسَكَ مَعَ الَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ رَبَّهُمْ بِالْغَدَاةِ وَالْعَشِيِّ يُرِيدُونَ وَجْهَهُ ۖ وَلَا تَعْدُ عَيْنَاكَ عَنْهُمْ تُرِيدُ زِينَةَ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا ۖ وَلَا تُطِعْ مَنْ أَغْفَلْنَا قَلْبَهُ عَنْ ذِكْرِنَا وَاتَّبَعَ هَوَاهُ وَكَانَ أَمْرُهُ فُرُطًا
📘 (Restrain thyself along with those who cry unto their Lord) who worship their Lord (at morn and evening) the reference here is to Salman al-Farisi and his fellow believers, (seeking His Countenance) by worshipping Him they seek only Allah's Countenance and good pleasure; (and let not your eyes overlook them, desiring the pomp of the life of the world) the embellishment of this worldly life; (and obey not him whose heart We have made heedless of Our remembrance) of Our divine Oneness, (who followeth his own lust) by worshipping the idols (and whose case) and whose words (hath been abandoned) at a loss. This verse was revealed about 'Uyaynah Ibn Hisn al-Fazari.
وَقُلِ الْحَقُّ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ ۖ فَمَنْ شَاءَ فَلْيُؤْمِنْ وَمَنْ شَاءَ فَلْيَكْفُرْ ۚ إِنَّا أَعْتَدْنَا لِلظَّالِمِينَ نَارًا أَحَاطَ بِهِمْ سُرَادِقُهَا ۚ وَإِنْ يَسْتَغِيثُوا يُغَاثُوا بِمَاءٍ كَالْمُهْلِ يَشْوِي الْوُجُوهَ ۚ بِئْسَ الشَّرَابُ وَسَاءَتْ مُرْتَفَقًا
📘 (Say) to 'Uyaynah: ((It is) the Truth) there is no deity except Allah (from the Lord of you (all). Then whosoever will, let him believe, and whosoever will, let him disbelieve) this is a threat from Allah; it is also said that this means: for whomever Allah wants faith, he will believe; and for whomever He does not want faith, he will not believe. (Lo! We have prepared for disbelievers) for 'Uyaynah and his host (Fire. Its tent encloseth them) the extent of the Fire surrounds them. (If they ask for showers) if they ask for water to drink, (they will be showered with water like molten lead) like boiling oil or hot liquid silver (which burneth the faces. Calamitous the drink and ill the resting place!) evil is their dwelling; He says: evil is the abode of their companions: the satans and the disbelievers.
مَاكِثِينَ فِيهِ أَبَدًا
📘 (Wherein they will abide for ever) they will abide in this reward forever: never to die or be removed from it;
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ إِنَّا لَا نُضِيعُ أَجْرَ مَنْ أَحْسَنَ عَمَلًا
📘 (Lo! as for those who believe) in Muhammad (pbuh) and in the Qur'an (and do good works) between them and their Lord, (Lo! We suffer not the reward of one whose work is goodly to be lost) We thwart not the reward of him whose works are sincere.
أُولَٰئِكَ لَهُمْ جَنَّاتُ عَدْنٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهِمُ الْأَنْهَارُ يُحَلَّوْنَ فِيهَا مِنْ أَسَاوِرَ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ وَيَلْبَسُونَ ثِيَابًا خُضْرًا مِنْ سُنْدُسٍ وَإِسْتَبْرَقٍ مُتَّكِئِينَ فِيهَا عَلَى الْأَرَائِكِ ۚ نِعْمَ الثَّوَابُ وَحَسُنَتْ مُرْتَفَقًا
📘 (As for such, theirs will be Gardens of Eden) the compartment of the All-Merciful, (wherein rivers) rivers of wine, water, honey and milk (flow beneath them) i.e. beneath their trees and habitations; (therein) in Paradise (they will be given armlets of gold and will wear green robes of finest silk and gold embroidery, reclining upon) sitting in Paradise on (thrones therein) on canopies. (Blest the reward) in Paradise, (and fair the resting place!) He says: fair is the abode: the abode of their companions: the prophets and righteous.
۞ وَاضْرِبْ لَهُمْ مَثَلًا رَجُلَيْنِ جَعَلْنَا لِأَحَدِهِمَا جَنَّتَيْنِ مِنْ أَعْنَابٍ وَحَفَفْنَاهُمَا بِنَخْلٍ وَجَعَلْنَا بَيْنَهُمَا زَرْعًا
📘 (Coin for them a similitude) explain to the people of Mecca, the description of: (Two men) two brothers from the Children of Israel, one of whom is a believer, Yehuda, and the other a disbeliever, Abufatrus, (unto one of whom) the disbeliever (We had assigned two gardens of grapes, and We had surrounded both with date-palms and had put between them) between the gardens (tillage) a plantation.
كِلْتَا الْجَنَّتَيْنِ آتَتْ أُكُلَهَا وَلَمْ تَظْلِمْ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا ۚ وَفَجَّرْنَا خِلَالَهُمَا نَهَرًا
📘 (Each of the gardens gave its fruit) every year (and withheld naught thereof. And We caused a river to gush forth therein) in their middle.
وَكَانَ لَهُ ثَمَرٌ فَقَالَ لِصَاحِبِهِ وَهُوَ يُحَاوِرُهُ أَنَا أَكْثَرُ مِنْكَ مَالًا وَأَعَزُّ نَفَرًا
📘 (And he had fruit) the garden had fruits; or according to a different reading: wealth. (And he said unto his comrade) the believer: Yehuda, (when he spake with him) bragging to him about his wealth: (I am more than thee in wealth, and stronger about men) I have more servants.
وَدَخَلَ جَنَّتَهُ وَهُوَ ظَالِمٌ لِنَفْسِهِ قَالَ مَا أَظُنُّ أَنْ تَبِيدَ هَٰذِهِ أَبَدًا
📘 (And he went into his garden, while he (thus) wronged himself) through his disbelief. (He said: I think not that all this will ever perish).
وَمَا أَظُنُّ السَّاعَةَ قَائِمَةً وَلَئِنْ رُدِدْتُ إِلَىٰ رَبِّي لَأَجِدَنَّ خَيْرًا مِنْهَا مُنْقَلَبًا
📘 (I think not that the Hour will ever come) will ever take place, (and if indeed I am brought back unto my Lord) as you claim (I surely shall find better than this) garden (as a resort) as a returning place.
قَالَ لَهُ صَاحِبُهُ وَهُوَ يُحَاوِرُهُ أَكَفَرْتَ بِالَّذِي خَلَقَكَ مِنْ تُرَابٍ ثُمَّ مِنْ نُطْفَةٍ ثُمَّ سَوَّاكَ رَجُلًا
📘 (And his comrade) the believer, (while he disputed with him) such that he may renounce his disbelief, (exclaimed: Disbelievest thou in Him Who created thee of dust) He created you from Adam and Adam is from dust, (then of a drop (of seed)) of your father, (and then fashioned you a man) of an upright stature?
لَٰكِنَّا هُوَ اللَّهُ رَبِّي وَلَا أُشْرِكُ بِرَبِّي أَحَدًا
📘 (But) I say (He is Allah, my Lord) my Creator and Provider, (and I ascribe unto my Lord no partner) among idols.
وَلَوْلَا إِذْ دَخَلْتَ جَنَّتَكَ قُلْتَ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ ۚ إِنْ تَرَنِ أَنَا أَقَلَّ مِنْكَ مَالًا وَوَلَدًا
📘 (If only, when thou enteredst thy garden, thou hadst said: That which Allah willeth (will come to pass)!) this is from Allah and not from me. (There is no strength save in Allah!) this is only through Allah's power, not through my own power. (Though thou seest me as less than you in wealth and children) and servants in the life of this world.
وَيُنْذِرَ الَّذِينَ قَالُوا اتَّخَذَ اللَّهُ وَلَدًا
📘 (And to warn) and so that Muhammad (pbuh) warns by means of the Qur'an (those who say: Allah hath chosen a son) i.e. the Jews, Christians and idolaters,
فَعَسَىٰ رَبِّي أَنْ يُؤْتِيَنِ خَيْرًا مِنْ جَنَّتِكَ وَيُرْسِلَ عَلَيْهَا حُسْبَانًا مِنَ السَّمَاءِ فَتُصْبِحَ صَعِيدًا زَلَقًا
📘 (Yet it may be) 'may be' when used in connection to Allah denotes a requisite (that my Lord will give me) in the Hereafter (better than your garden) in the life of this world, (and will send on it) on your garden (a bolt) of fire (from heaven, and some morning it will be a smooth hillside) smooth dust,
أَوْ يُصْبِحَ مَاؤُهَا غَوْرًا فَلَنْ تَسْتَطِيعَ لَهُ طَلَبًا
📘 (Or some morning the water thereof) the water of the garden (will be lost in the earth) will sink in the earth, out of reach (so that thou canst not make search for it) so that you cannot access it.
وَأُحِيطَ بِثَمَرِهِ فَأَصْبَحَ يُقَلِّبُ كَفَّيْهِ عَلَىٰ مَا أَنْفَقَ فِيهَا وَهِيَ خَاوِيَةٌ عَلَىٰ عُرُوشِهَا وَيَقُولُ يَا لَيْتَنِي لَمْ أُشْرِكْ بِرَبِّي أَحَدًا
📘 (And his fruit was beset (with destruction)) his garden was destroyed; or, according to another reading: his wealth was destroyed. (Then began he to wring his hands) out of regret (for all that he had spent upon it) upon the garden; it is also said that this means: upon all the fruits it contained, (when (now) it was all ruined on its trellises, and to say) on the Day of Judgement: (Would that I had ascribed no partner to my Lord!) would that I had ascribed no idols to my Lord!
وَلَمْ تَكُنْ لَهُ فِئَةٌ يَنْصُرُونَهُ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ وَمَا كَانَ مُنْتَصِرًا
📘 (And he had no troop of men to help him as against Allah) i.e. against Allah's punishment, (nor could he save himself) from Allah's punishment.
هُنَالِكَ الْوَلَايَةُ لِلَّهِ الْحَقِّ ۚ هُوَ خَيْرٌ ثَوَابًا وَخَيْرٌ عُقْبًا
📘 (In this case is protection only from Allah) i.e. on the Day of Judgement, dominion and sovereignty belong only to Allah, (the True) the Just. (He is best for reward) He is the best of those who reward, (and best for consequence) and the One who gives the best outcome.
وَاضْرِبْ لَهُمْ مَثَلَ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا كَمَاءٍ أَنْزَلْنَاهُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ فَاخْتَلَطَ بِهِ نَبَاتُ الْأَرْضِ فَأَصْبَحَ هَشِيمًا تَذْرُوهُ الرِّيَاحُ ۗ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ مُقْتَدِرًا
📘 (And coin for them) explain to the people of Mecca (the similitude of the life of the world) in its permanence and evanescence (as water) as rain (which We send down from the sky, and the vegetation of the earth mingleth with it) the water mixes with the vegetation of the earth (and then becometh dry twigs that the winds scatter) such that nothing remains of it. Likewise, the life of this world will vanish and nothing of its adornment will remain. (Allah is Able to do all things) He is Able to make the life of this world vanish and the Hereafter subsist.
الْمَالُ وَالْبَنُونَ زِينَةُ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا ۖ وَالْبَاقِيَاتُ الصَّالِحَاتُ خَيْرٌ عِنْدَ رَبِّكَ ثَوَابًا وَخَيْرٌ أَمَلًا
📘 Allah then mentions the comfort that the life of this world contains, saying: (Wealth and children are an ornament of life of the world) but they do not last just as dry twigs do not. (But the good deeds which endure) the five daily prayers; it is also said that the reference here is to: that which is lasting in reward. Good deeds include the saying of: " Glory be to Allah, praise be to Allah, there is no deity save Allah and Allah is the greatest " , (are better in thy Lord's sight for reward) for recompense, (and better about hope) the prayer is the best work by means of which the servants can be helpful.
وَيَوْمَ نُسَيِّرُ الْجِبَالَ وَتَرَى الْأَرْضَ بَارِزَةً وَحَشَرْنَاهُمْ فَلَمْ نُغَادِرْ مِنْهُمْ أَحَدًا
📘 (And (bethink you of) the Day when We remove the hills) from the face of the earth (and ye see the earth emerging) from beneath mountains, (and We gather them) for the Resurrection (together so as to leave not one of them behind).
وَعُرِضُوا عَلَىٰ رَبِّكَ صَفًّا لَقَدْ جِئْتُمُونَا كَمَا خَلَقْنَاكُمْ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ ۚ بَلْ زَعَمْتُمْ أَلَّنْ نَجْعَلَ لَكُمْ مَوْعِدًا
📘 (And they are set before thy Lord) they were led before your Lord (in ranks) all together, and Allah says to them: (Now verily have ye come unto Us as We created you at the first) without wealth or children. (But you thought) you said in the life of the world (that We had set no tryst for you) that We had set no appointed term for the Resurrection.
وَوُضِعَ الْكِتَابُ فَتَرَى الْمُجْرِمِينَ مُشْفِقِينَ مِمَّا فِيهِ وَيَقُولُونَ يَا وَيْلَتَنَا مَالِ هَٰذَا الْكِتَابِ لَا يُغَادِرُ صَغِيرَةً وَلَا كَبِيرَةً إِلَّا أَحْصَاهَا ۚ وَوَجَدُوا مَا عَمِلُوا حَاضِرًا ۗ وَلَا يَظْلِمُ رَبُّكَ أَحَدًا
📘 (And the Book is placed) on people's right and left hands; the scrolls fell on people's hands like snow flakes, (and thou seest the guilty) the idolaters and the hypocrites (fearful of that which is therein) in the Book, (and they say: What Kind of a book is this that leaveth not a small thing) of our deeds (nor a great thing) it is said that the small thing is a smile and the great thing is laughter (but has counted it) except that it is preserved and written down! (And they find all that they did) of good or evil (confronting them) written down, (and thy Lord wrongeth no one) He does not decrease the good deeds of anyone nor increase the evil deeds of anyone; it is also said that this means: He does not diminish the good deeds of the believer nor leave the evil deeds of the unbeliever.
مَا لَهُمْ بِهِ مِنْ عِلْمٍ وَلَا لِآبَائِهِمْ ۚ كَبُرَتْ كَلِمَةً تَخْرُجُ مِنْ أَفْوَاهِهِمْ ۚ إِنْ يَقُولُونَ إِلَّا كَذِبًا
📘 ((A thing) whereof they have no knowledge) they have no proof or argument for what they claim, (nor (had) their fathers) nor did their fathers have any knowledge. (Dreadful is the word) dreadful is the word of idolatry (that cometh out of their mouths) that is uttered by their mouth. (They speak naught but a lie) about Allah.
وَإِذْ قُلْنَا لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ اسْجُدُوا لِآدَمَ فَسَجَدُوا إِلَّا إِبْلِيسَ كَانَ مِنَ الْجِنِّ فَفَسَقَ عَنْ أَمْرِ رَبِّهِ ۗ أَفَتَتَّخِذُونَهُ وَذُرِّيَّتَهُ أَوْلِيَاءَ مِنْ دُونِي وَهُمْ لَكُمْ عَدُوٌّ ۚ بِئْسَ لِلظَّالِمِينَ بَدَلًا
📘 (And (remember) when We said unto the angels) who were on the earth: (Fall prostrate before Adam) a prostration of greeting, (and they fell prostrate, all save Iblis) their leader. (He was of the jinn) of the tribe of the jinn, (so he rebelled against his Lord's command) he disobeyed his Lord and refused to prostrate to Adam. (Will ye choose him) will you worship him (and his seed for your protecting friends) as lords (instead of Me) instead of Allah, (when they are an enemy unto you) whose enmity is quite manifest? (Calamitous is the exchange) in worship; it is also said that this means: evil is that which they exchanged: they exchanged the worship of Allah with the worship of Satan; and it is also said: they exchanged the protecting friendship of Allah with the protecting friendship of Satan (for evil-doers) for idolaters!
۞ مَا أَشْهَدْتُهُمْ خَلْقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَلَا خَلْقَ أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَمَا كُنْتُ مُتَّخِذَ الْمُضِلِّينَ عَضُدًا
📘 (I made them not) i.e. the angels and the satans (to witness the creation of the heavens and the earth) when I created them, (nor their own creation) when I created them; it is also said that this means: I did not seek the help of angels and satans to create the heavens and the earth or to create them; (nor choose I misleaders) the disbelievers, the Jews, Christians and idol worshippers (for (My) helpers).
وَيَوْمَ يَقُولُ نَادُوا شُرَكَائِيَ الَّذِينَ زَعَمْتُمْ فَدَعَوْهُمْ فَلَمْ يَسْتَجِيبُوا لَهُمْ وَجَعَلْنَا بَيْنَهُمْ مَوْبِقًا
📘 (And (be mindful of) the Day) which is the Day of Judgement (when He will say) to idol worshippers: (Call those partners of Mine) i.e. your deities (whom ye pretended) whom you worshipped and claimed they were My partners so that they defend you against my chastisement. (Then they will cry unto them, but they will not hear their prayer) they did not respond to them, (and We shall set a gulf of doom between them) We shall set a valley of fire between the worshippers and those who were worshipped; it is also said that this means: We set destruction between them in the Hereafter instead of the love and affection which was between them in the life of this world.
وَرَأَى الْمُجْرِمُونَ النَّارَ فَظَنُّوا أَنَّهُمْ مُوَاقِعُوهَا وَلَمْ يَجِدُوا عَنْهَا مَصْرِفًا
📘 (And the guilty) and the idolaters (behold the Fire and know) and are ascertained (that they are about to fall therein) that they shall enter the Fire, (and they find no way of escape thence):
وَلَقَدْ صَرَّفْنَا فِي هَٰذَا الْقُرْآنِ لِلنَّاسِ مِنْ كُلِّ مَثَلٍ ۚ وَكَانَ الْإِنْسَانُ أَكْثَرَ شَيْءٍ جَدَلًا
📘 (And verily We have displayed) We have explained (for mankind) for the people of Mecca (in this Qur'an all manner of similitudes) all forms of threats and promises in order that they take heed and, hence, believe, (but man) Ubayy Ibn Khalaf al-Jumahi (is more than anything contentious) in respect to falsehood; it is also said that this means: no one is more contentious than man.
وَمَا مَنَعَ النَّاسَ أَنْ يُؤْمِنُوا إِذْ جَاءَهُمُ الْهُدَىٰ وَيَسْتَغْفِرُوا رَبَّهُمْ إِلَّا أَنْ تَأْتِيَهُمْ سُنَّةُ الْأَوَّلِينَ أَوْ يَأْتِيَهُمُ الْعَذَابُ قُبُلًا
📘 (And naught hindereth mankind) the people of Mecca, those who sponsored the army that fought against Muslims at Badr (from believing) in Muhammad (pbuh), and in the Qur'an (when the guidance) Muhammad (pbuh) and the Qur'an (cometh unto them, and from asking for forgiveness of their Lord) repent of disbelief and accept faith, (unless (it be that they wish) that the judgement of the men of old should come upon them) unless the destruction of the people of old should seize them (or (that) they should be confronted) on the Day of Badr (with the Doom) with the sword.
وَمَا نُرْسِلُ الْمُرْسَلِينَ إِلَّا مُبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنْذِرِينَ ۚ وَيُجَادِلُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِالْبَاطِلِ لِيُدْحِضُوا بِهِ الْحَقَّ ۖ وَاتَّخَذُوا آيَاتِي وَمَا أُنْذِرُوا هُزُوًا
📘 (We send not the messengers save as bearers of good news) Paradise for the believers (and warners) against hell for the disbelievers. (Those who disbelieve) in the scriptures and messengers (contend with falsehood) with idolatry (in order to refute) to nullify (the Truth) and guidance (thereby. And they take Our revelations) Our scriptures and messengers (and that wherewith they are threatened) of chastisement (as a jest) and mockery.
وَمَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّنْ ذُكِّرَ بِآيَاتِ رَبِّهِ فَأَعْرَضَ عَنْهَا وَنَسِيَ مَا قَدَّمَتْ يَدَاهُ ۚ إِنَّا جَعَلْنَا عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِمْ أَكِنَّةً أَنْ يَفْقَهُوهُ وَفِي آذَانِهِمْ وَقْرًا ۖ وَإِنْ تَدْعُهُمْ إِلَى الْهُدَىٰ فَلَنْ يَهْتَدُوا إِذًا أَبَدًا
📘 (And who doth greater wrong) none is more wrong (than he who hath been reminded of the revelations of his Lord) he who has been admonished with the revelations of his Lord, (yet turneth away from them) in denial (and forgetteth what his hands send forward) and forgets the sins committed by his hands? (Lo! on their hearts We have placed coverings so that they understand not) the Truth and guidance, (and in their ears a deafness) so that they hear not the Truth and guidance. (And though thou) O Muhammad (call them to the guidance) to Allah's divine Oneness, (in that case they can never be led aright) they will not believe.
وَرَبُّكَ الْغَفُورُ ذُو الرَّحْمَةِ ۖ لَوْ يُؤَاخِذُهُمْ بِمَا كَسَبُوا لَعَجَّلَ لَهُمُ الْعَذَابَ ۚ بَلْ لَهُمْ مَوْعِدٌ لَنْ يَجِدُوا مِنْ دُونِهِ مَوْئِلًا
📘 (Thy Lord is the Forgiver, Full of Mercy) in that He defers His chastisement. (If He took them to task (now) for what they earn) for their idolatry, (He would hasten on the doom for them) in this worldly life; (but theirs is an appointed term) for their destruction (from which) from Allah's chastisement (they will find no escape) they will find no refuge.
وَتِلْكَ الْقُرَىٰ أَهْلَكْنَاهُمْ لَمَّا ظَلَمُوا وَجَعَلْنَا لِمَهْلِكِهِمْ مَوْعِدًا
📘 (And (all) those townships!) And all the people of the townships of old (We destroyed them when they did wrong) when they disbelieved, (and We appointed a fixed time for their destruction).
فَلَعَلَّكَ بَاخِعٌ نَفْسَكَ عَلَىٰ آثَارِهِمْ إِنْ لَمْ يُؤْمِنُوا بِهَٰذَا الْحَدِيثِ أَسَفًا
📘 (Yet it may be, if they believe not in this statement) if they do not believe in this Qur'an, (that thou) O Muhammad (wilt torment thy soul) kill yourself (with grief over their footsteps) for them.
وَإِذْ قَالَ مُوسَىٰ لِفَتَاهُ لَا أَبْرَحُ حَتَّىٰ أَبْلُغَ مَجْمَعَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ أَوْ أَمْضِيَ حُقُبًا
📘 Allah then mentioned the story of Moses with Khidr. It so happened that it came to Moses's mind that there is no servant on the face of the earth who is more knowledgeable than him. And so Allah said to Moses: " I have a servant on earth who is more obedient to Me and more knowledgeable than you, and this servant is Khidr ". Moses said: " O Lord! Guide me to him ". He said: " Take with you salted fish and walk along the sea shores until you find a rock in which there is the fountain of life. Sprinkle some of the water on the fish until it comes back to life. There you will meet Khidr ". Allah said: (And when Moses said unto his servant) his servant was Shajardah Joshua ben Nun, an Israelite nobleman. He was his servant in the sense that he kept his company and served him: (I will not give up until I reach the point where the two rivers meet) where sea water meets with river water, i.e. where the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea meet, (though I march on for ages) or I will continue going on for years.
فَلَمَّا بَلَغَا مَجْمَعَ بَيْنِهِمَا نَسِيَا حُوتَهُمَا فَاتَّخَذَ سَبِيلَهُ فِي الْبَحْرِ سَرَبًا
📘 (And when they reached the point where the two met) between the two seas, (they forgot their fish) they forgot the matter of their fish, (and it took its way into the waters, being free).
فَلَمَّا جَاوَزَا قَالَ لِفَتَاهُ آتِنَا غَدَاءَنَا لَقَدْ لَقِينَا مِنْ سَفَرِنَا هَٰذَا نَصَبًا
📘 (And when they had gone further) from the rock, (he said unto his servant) Shajardah: (Bring us our breakfast. Verily we have found fatigue in this our journey).
قَالَ أَرَأَيْتَ إِذْ أَوَيْنَا إِلَى الصَّخْرَةِ فَإِنِّي نَسِيتُ الْحُوتَ وَمَا أَنْسَانِيهُ إِلَّا الشَّيْطَانُ أَنْ أَذْكُرَهُ ۚ وَاتَّخَذَ سَبِيلَهُ فِي الْبَحْرِ عَجَبًا
📘 (He said) Joshua said: (Didst thou see) O Moses, (when we took refuge on the rock, and I forgot the fish) the matter of the fish (and none but Satan caused me to forget to mention it) to you, (it took its way into the waters by a marvel) it was dry land.
قَالَ ذَٰلِكَ مَا كُنَّا نَبْغِ ۚ فَارْتَدَّا عَلَىٰ آثَارِهِمَا قَصَصًا
📘 (He said) Moses said: (This is that which we have been seeking) as an indication from Allah to Khidr (they retraced their steps again) they went back, following their own footsteps.
فَوَجَدَا عَبْدًا مِنْ عِبَادِنَا آتَيْنَاهُ رَحْمَةً مِنْ عِنْدِنَا وَعَلَّمْنَاهُ مِنْ لَدُنَّا عِلْمًا
📘 (Then found they) at the rock (one of Our slaves) i.e. Khidr, (unto whom We had given mercy from Us) He says: We favoured him with prophethood, (and had taught him knowledge from Our presence) the knowledge of future events.
قَالَ لَهُ مُوسَىٰ هَلْ أَتَّبِعُكَ عَلَىٰ أَنْ تُعَلِّمَنِ مِمَّا عُلِّمْتَ رُشْدًا
📘 (Moses said unto him: May I follow thee) may I keep your company, (to the end that thou mayst teach me right conduct of that which thou hast been taught) that you may teach me guidance and that which is right?
قَالَ إِنَّكَ لَنْ تَسْتَطِيعَ مَعِيَ صَبْرًا
📘 (He said) O Moses: (Lo! thou canst not bear with me) for you may see me doing something that you will not be able to bear.
وَكَيْفَ تَصْبِرُ عَلَىٰ مَا لَمْ تُحِطْ بِهِ خُبْرًا
📘 When Moses said he will be able to bear anything, Khidr said: (How canst thou) O Moses (bear with that whereof thou canst not compass any knowledge) that the explanation of which you have not been given?
قَالَ سَتَجِدُنِي إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ صَابِرًا وَلَا أَعْصِي لَكَ أَمْرًا
📘 (He said: Allah willing, thou shalt find me) O Khidr (patient) in relation to that which I see from you (and I shall not in aught gainsay thee) I will not disobey your command.
إِنَّا جَعَلْنَا مَا عَلَى الْأَرْضِ زِينَةً لَهَا لِنَبْلُوَهُمْ أَيُّهُمْ أَحْسَنُ عَمَلًا
📘 (Lo! We have placed all that is in the earth) of male and female (as an ornament thereof) as an embellishment for the earth (that we may try them) that We may test them: (which of them is best in conduct) which of them is more sincere in works. It is also said that this means: We have made all that which is on earth of plants, trees, beasts, and comfort an ornament for the earth so that We test them which of them is more unattached to, and shunning of, this world.
قَالَ فَإِنِ اتَّبَعْتَنِي فَلَا تَسْأَلْنِي عَنْ شَيْءٍ حَتَّىٰ أُحْدِثَ لَكَ مِنْهُ ذِكْرًا
📘 (He said) Khidr said: (Well, if thou go with me) if you keep my company, O Moses, (ask me not concerning aught) about what I do (till I myself mention of it unto you) until I proceed to explain it to you.
فَانْطَلَقَا حَتَّىٰ إِذَا رَكِبَا فِي السَّفِينَةِ خَرَقَهَا ۖ قَالَ أَخَرَقْتَهَا لِتُغْرِقَ أَهْلَهَا لَقَدْ جِئْتَ شَيْئًا إِمْرًا
📘 (So the twain set out) so both Khidr and Moses (pbut) set out (till, when they were in the ship) to cross over, (he made a hole therein) Khidr made a hole in the ship. ((Moses) said) to him: (Hast thou made a hole therein to drown the folk thereof? Thou verily hast done a dreadful thing) towards the people of the ship.
قَالَ أَلَمْ أَقُلْ إِنَّكَ لَنْ تَسْتَطِيعَ مَعِيَ صَبْرًا
📘 (He said) Khidr said to him: (Did I not tell thee) O Moses (thou couldst not bear with me?)
قَالَ لَا تُؤَاخِذْنِي بِمَا نَسِيتُ وَلَا تُرْهِقْنِي مِنْ أَمْرِي عُسْرًا
📘 ((Moses) said: Be not wroth with me that I forgot) your advice, (and be not hard upon me for my fault) do not tax me severely for my fault.
فَانْطَلَقَا حَتَّىٰ إِذَا لَقِيَا غُلَامًا فَقَتَلَهُ قَالَ أَقَتَلْتَ نَفْسًا زَكِيَّةً بِغَيْرِ نَفْسٍ لَقَدْ جِئْتَ شَيْئًا نُكْرًا
📘 (So the twain journeyed on till, when they met a lad) between two townships, (he slew him) Khidr killed him. ((Moses) said: What! Hast thou) O Khidr (slain an innocent soul who hath slain no man? Verily thou hast done a horrid thing) you have committed a horrendous, evil act.
۞ قَالَ أَلَمْ أَقُلْ لَكَ إِنَّكَ لَنْ تَسْتَطِيعَ مَعِيَ صَبْرًا
📘 (He said) Khidr said: (Did I not tell thee) O Moses (that thou couldst not bear with me? Did I not tell you that you might see me doing something that you will not be able to tolerate?
قَالَ إِنْ سَأَلْتُكَ عَنْ شَيْءٍ بَعْدَهَا فَلَا تُصَاحِبْنِي ۖ قَدْ بَلَغْتَ مِنْ لَدُنِّي عُذْرًا
📘 ((Moses) said: If I ask thee) O Khidr (after this) after killing this soul (concerning aught, keep not company with me. Thou hast received an excuse from me) you have an excuse to part company with me.
فَانْطَلَقَا حَتَّىٰ إِذَا أَتَيَا أَهْلَ قَرْيَةٍ اسْتَطْعَمَا أَهْلَهَا فَأَبَوْا أَنْ يُضَيِّفُوهُمَا فَوَجَدَا فِيهَا جِدَارًا يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَنْقَضَّ فَأَقَامَهُ ۖ قَالَ لَوْ شِئْتَ لَاتَّخَذْتَ عَلَيْهِ أَجْرًا
📘 (So they twain journeyed on till, when they came unto the folk of a certain township) Antioch, (they asked its folk for food) they asked its inhabitants for bread, (but they refused to make them guests) they refused to give them food. (And they found therein a wall upon the point of falling into ruin, and he repaired it) Khidr repaired it. ((Moses) said: If thou hadst wished) O Khidr, (thou couldst have taken payment for it) in the form of bread that we could eat.
قَالَ هَٰذَا فِرَاقُ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنِكَ ۚ سَأُنَبِّئُكَ بِتَأْوِيلِ مَا لَمْ تَسْتَطِعْ عَلَيْهِ صَبْرًا
📘 (He said) Khidr said: (This is the parting between thee and me) O Moses! (I will announce unto thee the interpretation of that thou couldst not bear with patience).
أَمَّا السَّفِينَةُ فَكَانَتْ لِمَسَاكِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ فِي الْبَحْرِ فَأَرَدْتُ أَنْ أَعِيبَهَا وَكَانَ وَرَاءَهُمْ مَلِكٌ يَأْخُذُ كُلَّ سَفِينَةٍ غَصْبًا
📘 (As for the ship) in which I made a hole, (it belonged to poor people working on the river) transporting people across the river, (and I wished to mar it) I wished to damage it, (for there was a king) called Jalandi (behind them) ahead of them (who is taking every ship by force) and this is why I damaged it.
وَإِنَّا لَجَاعِلُونَ مَا عَلَيْهَا صَعِيدًا جُرُزًا
📘 (And lo! We shall make) change (all that is therein) of ornament into (a barren mound) a smooth dust with no vegetation.
وَأَمَّا الْغُلَامُ فَكَانَ أَبَوَاهُ مُؤْمِنَيْنِ فَخَشِينَا أَنْ يُرْهِقَهُمَا طُغْيَانًا وَكُفْرًا
📘 (And as for the lad) whom I killed, (his parents were believers) and of the greatest people of that township (and We feared lest he should oppress them) and your Lord Knew that he will overburden them (by rebellion and disbelief) by means of his rebellion and disobedience, and by lying in oath and so He killed him.
فَأَرَدْنَا أَنْ يُبْدِلَهُمَا رَبُّهُمَا خَيْرًا مِنْهُ زَكَاةً وَأَقْرَبَ رُحْمًا
📘 (And We intended that their Lord should change him for them for one) another child (better in purity) righteous (and nearer to mercy) who is more keen to keep ties of kinship. Allah gave them instead of him a girl who later married a prophet and from whom she gave birth to a prophet at whose hand a great number of people were guided. The son killed by Khidr, whose name was Jaysur, was, on the other hand, a disbeliever, a thief and a murderer. This is why Khidr killed him.
وَأَمَّا الْجِدَارُ فَكَانَ لِغُلَامَيْنِ يَتِيمَيْنِ فِي الْمَدِينَةِ وَكَانَ تَحْتَهُ كَنْزٌ لَهُمَا وَكَانَ أَبُوهُمَا صَالِحًا فَأَرَادَ رَبُّكَ أَنْ يَبْلُغَا أَشُدَّهُمَا وَيَسْتَخْرِجَا كَنْزَهُمَا رَحْمَةً مِنْ رَبِّكَ ۚ وَمَا فَعَلْتُهُ عَنْ أَمْرِي ۚ ذَٰلِكَ تَأْوِيلُ مَا لَمْ تَسْطِعْ عَلَيْهِ صَبْرًا
📘 (And as for the wall) which I repaired, (it belonged to two orphan boys) called Asram and Suraym (in the city) of Antioch, (and there was beneath it a treasure belonging to them) it was a tablet of gold containing knowledge and wisdom and written on it: �In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful. I am really amazed regarding a person who believes in death: how could he ever be happy; and amazed at a person who believes in the evanescence of this worldly life and the fluctuation of its people: how he can find tranquillity in it; there is no deity except Allah and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah (pbuh)� (and their father had been righteous) he was a trustworthy man called Kashih, (and your Lord intended that they should come to their full strength) that they should reach the age of puberty (and should bring forth their treasure) i.e. their golden tablet (as a mercy from their Lord) as a blessing from your Lord; it is also said that this means: as an inspiration from your Lord; (and I did it not upon my own command) I did not do it from my own initiative. (Such is the interpretation of that wherewith thou couldst not bear).
وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنْ ذِي الْقَرْنَيْنِ ۖ قُلْ سَأَتْلُو عَلَيْكُمْ مِنْهُ ذِكْرًا
📘 (They) the people of Mecca (will ask thee) O Muhammad (of Dhu'l-Qarnayn) about the event of Dhu'l-Qarnayn. (Say) to them, O Muhammad: (I shall recite unto you a remembrance of him) I shall recite to you an explanation of his event.
إِنَّا مَكَّنَّا لَهُ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَآتَيْنَاهُ مِنْ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ سَبَبًا
📘 (Lo! We made him strong in the land and gave unto every thing a road) the knowledge of the roads and constellation.
فَأَتْبَعَ سَبَبًا
📘 (And he followed a road) he set out on a road,
حَتَّىٰ إِذَا بَلَغَ مَغْرِبَ الشَّمْسِ وَجَدَهَا تَغْرُبُ فِي عَيْنٍ حَمِئَةٍ وَوَجَدَ عِنْدَهَا قَوْمًا ۗ قُلْنَا يَا ذَا الْقَرْنَيْنِ إِمَّا أَنْ تُعَذِّبَ وَإِمَّا أَنْ تَتَّخِذَ فِيهِمْ حُسْنًا
📘 (Till, when he reached the setting place of the sun) where the sun sets, (he found it setting in a muddy spring) a blackened, muddy and stinking spring; it is also said that this means: a hot spring, (and found a people thereabout) these people were disbelievers: (We said: O Dhu'l-Qarnayn!) We inspired him (Either punish) either kill them until they accept to believe that there is no deity except Allah (or show them kindness) or you pardon them and let them be.
قَالَ أَمَّا مَنْ ظَلَمَ فَسَوْفَ نُعَذِّبُهُ ثُمَّ يُرَدُّ إِلَىٰ رَبِّهِ فَيُعَذِّبُهُ عَذَابًا نُكْرًا
📘 (He said: As for him who doth wrong) as for him who disbelieves in Allah, (we shall punish him) in this worldly life by killing him, (and then he will be brought back unto his Lord) in the Hereafter, (who will punish him) by means of the Fire (with awful punishment!) with a severe punishment.
وَأَمَّا مَنْ آمَنَ وَعَمِلَ صَالِحًا فَلَهُ جَزَاءً الْحُسْنَىٰ ۖ وَسَنَقُولُ لَهُ مِنْ أَمْرِنَا يُسْرًا
📘 (But as for him who believeth) in Allah (and doeth right) sincerely to Allah, (good will be his reward) Paradise will be his reward in the Hereafter, (and We shall speak unto him a mild command) we shall speak to him in a kind manner.
ثُمَّ أَتْبَعَ سَبَبًا
📘 (Then he followed a road) toward the East.
أَمْ حَسِبْتَ أَنَّ أَصْحَابَ الْكَهْفِ وَالرَّقِيمِ كَانُوا مِنْ آيَاتِنَا عَجَبًا
📘 (Or deemest thou) O Muhammad (that the People of the Cave and the Inscription) whereof the names of these youth and their story were inscribed; it is also said that the inscription refers to the valley where this cave was; and it is also said that it refers to a city (are a wonder among Our portents) such as the sun, the moon, the sky, the earth, the stars, the oceans and even that which is more wonderous than this?
حَتَّىٰ إِذَا بَلَغَ مَطْلِعَ الشَّمْسِ وَجَدَهَا تَطْلُعُ عَلَىٰ قَوْمٍ لَمْ نَجْعَلْ لَهُمْ مِنْ دُونِهَا سِتْرًا
📘 (Till, when he reached the rising place of the sun, he found it rising on a people for whom We had appointed no helper therefrom) these people had no shelter to protect them from the sun, they had no mountains, trees or clothes. They were naked creatures who were blind to the Truth.
كَذَٰلِكَ وَقَدْ أَحَطْنَا بِمَا لَدَيْهِ خُبْرًا
📘 (So (it was)) just as he reached the West, so did he reach the East. (And We knew all concerning him) We knew what he had of information and exposition.
ثُمَّ أَتْبَعَ سَبَبًا
📘 (Then he followed a road) he set out towards the East, to Byzantium.
حَتَّىٰ إِذَا بَلَغَ بَيْنَ السَّدَّيْنِ وَجَدَ مِنْ دُونِهِمَا قَوْمًا لَا يَكَادُونَ يَفْقَهُونَ قَوْلًا
📘 (Till, when he came between the two mountains, he found upon their hither side) between the two mountains (a folk that scarce could understand a saying) from other people.
قَالُوا يَا ذَا الْقَرْنَيْنِ إِنَّ يَأْجُوجَ وَمَأْجُوجَ مُفْسِدُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَهَلْ نَجْعَلُ لَكَ خَرْجًا عَلَىٰ أَنْ تَجْعَلَ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَهُمْ سَدًّا
📘 (They said) to the interpreter: (O Dhu'l-Qarnayn! Lo! Gog and Magog are spoiling the land) they are destroying our land, they eat our dates, loot our crops and kill our offspring; it is also said that this means: they devour people, for Gog and Magog were two men from the descendent of the children of Yapheth; it is also said that they were called Gog and Magog due to their sheer number. (So may we pay thee tribute) a reward; and it is also said that this means a wage, according to a different reading, (on condition that thou set a barrier between us and them?)
قَالَ مَا مَكَّنِّي فِيهِ رَبِّي خَيْرٌ فَأَعِينُونِي بِقُوَّةٍ أَجْعَلْ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُمْ رَدْمًا
📘 (He said: That wherein my Lord hath established me) the dominion that my Lord has given me is (better) than your reward or wage. (Do but help me with strength) they said: �which strength do you want from us� and he said: �the strength of blacksmiths�, (I will set between you and them a bank) a barrier.
آتُونِي زُبَرَ الْحَدِيدِ ۖ حَتَّىٰ إِذَا سَاوَىٰ بَيْنَ الصَّدَفَيْنِ قَالَ انْفُخُوا ۖ حَتَّىٰ إِذَا جَعَلَهُ نَارًا قَالَ آتُونِي أُفْرِغْ عَلَيْهِ قِطْرًا
📘 (Give me pieces of iron till, when he had levelled up (the gap) between the cliffs, he said: Blow!) and so they blew into the Fire (till, when he had made it a fire) He says: when the iron became as hot as the Fire and thus melted, (he said: Bring me molten copper to pour thereon) to pour on the wall.
فَمَا اسْطَاعُوا أَنْ يَظْهَرُوهُ وَمَا اسْتَطَاعُوا لَهُ نَقْبًا
📘 (And (Gog and Magog) were not able to surmount) to climb over it, (nor could they pierce (it)) from beneath.
قَالَ هَٰذَا رَحْمَةٌ مِنْ رَبِّي ۖ فَإِذَا جَاءَ وَعْدُ رَبِّي جَعَلَهُ دَكَّاءَ ۖ وَكَانَ وَعْدُ رَبِّي حَقًّا
📘 (He said: This) wall (is a mercy from my Lord) to you; (but when the promise of my Lord cometh to pass) and Gog and Magog break free, (He will lay it low) He will break it, (for the promise of my Lord) that they will break free (is true) and this will surely take place.
۞ وَتَرَكْنَا بَعْضَهُمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ يَمُوجُ فِي بَعْضٍ ۖ وَنُفِخَ فِي الصُّورِ فَجَمَعْنَاهُمْ جَمْعًا
📘 (And on that day) the day when Gog and Magog break free; and it is also said: the day of return from Byzantium in that they were not able to defeat it, (We shall let some of them surge against others, and the Trumpet will be blown. Then We shall gather them together in one gathering).
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