🕋 تفسير سورة السجدة
(As-Sajda) • المصدر: EN-TAFSIR-IBN-ABBAS
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ الم
📘 And from his narration on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas who said regarding the interpretation of Allah's saying (Alif. Lam. Mim.): '(Alif. Lam. Mim.) He says: I am Allah, I know; it is also said that it is an oath by which Allah swore.
وَقَالُوا أَإِذَا ضَلَلْنَا فِي الْأَرْضِ أَإِنَّا لَفِي خَلْقٍ جَدِيدٍ ۚ بَلْ هُمْ بِلِقَاءِ رَبِّهِمْ كَافِرُونَ
📘 (And they say) i.e. Abu Jahl and his host: (When we are lost) perished (in the earth) after we die, (how can we then be recreated) it is impossible that we be recreated after we die? (Nay but they are disbelievers in) they deny (the meeting with their Lord) resurrection after death.
۞ قُلْ يَتَوَفَّاكُمْ مَلَكُ الْمَوْتِ الَّذِي وُكِّلَ بِكُمْ ثُمَّ إِلَىٰ رَبِّكُمْ تُرْجَعُونَ
📘 (Say) to them, O Muhammad: (The angel of death, who hath charge concerning you, will gather you) will take away your souls, (and afterward unto your Lord ye will be returned) in the Hereafter.
وَلَوْ تَرَىٰ إِذِ الْمُجْرِمُونَ نَاكِسُو رُءُوسِهِمْ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ رَبَّنَا أَبْصَرْنَا وَسَمِعْنَا فَارْجِعْنَا نَعْمَلْ صَالِحًا إِنَّا مُوقِنُونَ
📘 (Couldst thou but see when the guilty) the idolaters (hang their heads) lower down their heads (before their Lord) on the Day of Judgement, ((and say): Our Lord!) O our Lord! (We have now seen) we know now that which we did not (and heard) and become certain about that which we were not certain of, (so send us back) so that we believe in You; (we will do right) sincerely to You, (now we are sure) we believe in You, in Your Book, Messenger and in resurrection after death.
وَلَوْ شِئْنَا لَآتَيْنَا كُلَّ نَفْسٍ هُدَاهَا وَلَٰكِنْ حَقَّ الْقَوْلُ مِنِّي لَأَمْلَأَنَّ جَهَنَّمَ مِنَ الْجِنَّةِ وَالنَّاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ
📘 (And if We had so willed, We could have given every soul its guidance) its God-fearingness, (but the word from Me concerning evil-doers took effect) My word decreed (that I will fill hell with the jinn and mankind together) with the disbelievers among the jinn and mankind. Had it not been for this, I would have honoured every single soul with knowledge and the confession of Allah's divine Oneness.
فَذُوقُوا بِمَا نَسِيتُمْ لِقَاءَ يَوْمِكُمْ هَٰذَا إِنَّا نَسِينَاكُمْ ۖ وَذُوقُوا عَذَابَ الْخُلْدِ بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ
📘 (So taste (the evil of your deeds). Forasmuch as ye forgot) the belief in and work for (the meeting of this your day, lo! We forget you) We leave you in the Fire. (Taste the doom immortality) the eternal torment (because of what ye used to do) in your state of disbelief.
إِنَّمَا يُؤْمِنُ بِآيَاتِنَا الَّذِينَ إِذَا ذُكِّرُوا بِهَا خَرُّوا سُجَّدًا وَسَبَّحُوا بِحَمْدِ رَبِّهِمْ وَهُمْ لَا يَسْتَكْبِرُونَ ۩
📘 (Only those believe in Our revelations) in Muhammad (pbuh) and in the Qur'an (who, when they are reminded of them) invited through them to perform the five daily prayers with the call to prayer and the call announcing the start of the prayer, (fall down prostrate) they come in all humility (and hymn the praise of their Lord) and pray by the command of their Lord, (and they are not scornful) they are not too proud to believe in Muhammad (pbuh) and in the Qur'an or too proud to pray in congregation. This verse was revealed about the hypocrites who were sluggish in their coming to the congregational prayer.
تَتَجَافَىٰ جُنُوبُهُمْ عَنِ الْمَضَاجِعِ يَدْعُونَ رَبَّهُمْ خَوْفًا وَطَمَعًا وَمِمَّا رَزَقْنَاهُمْ يُنْفِقُونَ
📘 (Who forsake their beds) after sleeping a little at night (to cry unto their Lord) to worship their Lord by means of the five daily prayers; it is also said that they forsake their beds in order to pray the last night prayer ('Isha'); it is also said that this means: they leave their beds after sleeping a little at night to perform supererogatory prayers (in fear) of Him and His chastisement (and hope) in Him and His mercy, (and spend) in charity (of what we have bestowed on them) of wealth.
فَلَا تَعْلَمُ نَفْسٌ مَا أُخْفِيَ لَهُمْ مِنْ قُرَّةِ أَعْيُنٍ جَزَاءً بِمَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ
📘 (No soul knoweth what is kept hid for them) what is prepared and stored for them (of joy) of gladness of the soul, reward and honour in Paradise, (as a reward for what they used to do) in the life of this world of good works.
أَفَمَنْ كَانَ مُؤْمِنًا كَمَنْ كَانَ فَاسِقًا ۚ لَا يَسْتَوُونَ
📘 (Is he who is a believer) a sincere believer; the reference here is to 'Ali Ibn Abi Talib (like unto him who is an evil-liver?) I.e. a hypocrite; the reference here is to al-Walid Ibn 'Uqbah Ibn Abi Ma'it. (They are not alike) in the life of this world in relation to their obedience nor are they alike in the Hereafter in relation to the reward and honour bestowed by Allah. This is because these two had an argument and exchanged words until 'Ali Ibn Abi Talib, may Allah be well pleased with him, said to him: " O sinner! ".
أَمَّا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ فَلَهُمْ جَنَّاتُ الْمَأْوَىٰ نُزُلًا بِمَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ
📘 Allah then explained the destination of both of them after they die, saying: (But as for those who believe) in Muhammad (pbuh) and in the Qur'an (and do good works) between them and their Lord, (for them are the Gardens of Retreat) as a reward for them in the Hereafter, (a welcome (in reward) for what they used to do) of good works in the life of this world.
تَنْزِيلُ الْكِتَابِ لَا رَيْبَ فِيهِ مِنْ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ
📘 (The revelation of the Scripture) this Scripture is Allah's speech addressed to you (whereof there is no doubt) there is no doubt that it (is from the Lord of the Worlds.
وَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ فَسَقُوا فَمَأْوَاهُمُ النَّارُ ۖ كُلَّمَا أَرَادُوا أَنْ يَخْرُجُوا مِنْهَا أُعِيدُوا فِيهَا وَقِيلَ لَهُمْ ذُوقُوا عَذَابَ النَّارِ الَّذِي كُنْتُمْ بِهِ تُكَذِّبُونَ
📘 (And as for those who do evil) and as for those who were hypocrites in the life of this world, (their retreat is the Fire) as a final destination. (Whenever they desire to issue forth from thence) from the Fire, (they are brought back thither) to the Fire in shackles of iron. (Unto them it is said) the angels of the Fire say to them: (Taste the torment of the Fire which ye used to deny) in the life of the world.
وَلَنُذِيقَنَّهُمْ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ الْأَدْنَىٰ دُونَ الْعَذَابِ الْأَكْبَرِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْجِعُونَ
📘 (And verily We make them taste) We will inflict on them, i.e. on the people of Mecca (the lower punishment) the punishment of the life of this world: dryness of the land, drought, hunger, assassination, etc; it is also said that this refers to the torment of the grave (before the greater) before the torment of the Fire; this is a warning to them, (that haply they may return) from their disbelief and accept faith.
وَمَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّنْ ذُكِّرَ بِآيَاتِ رَبِّهِ ثُمَّ أَعْرَضَ عَنْهَا ۚ إِنَّا مِنَ الْمُجْرِمِينَ مُنْتَقِمُونَ
📘 (And who doth greater wrong) no one is more insolent and iniquitous (than he who is reminded of) admonished by (the revelations of his Lord) this was revealed about the hypocrites and the deriders of the Qur'an, (then turneth from them) in denial. (Lo! We shall requite) We will chastise (the guilty) the idolaters.
وَلَقَدْ آتَيْنَا مُوسَى الْكِتَابَ فَلَا تَكُنْ فِي مِرْيَةٍ مِنْ لِقَائِهِ ۖ وَجَعَلْنَاهُ هُدًى لِبَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ
📘 (We verily gave Moses the Scripture) the Torah in one bulk; (so be not ye) O Muhammad (in doubt of his receiving it) of meeting Moses the night you were transported to Jerusalem; (and We appointed it) the Scripture of Moses (a guidance for the Children of Israel) from guidance.
وَجَعَلْنَا مِنْهُمْ أَئِمَّةً يَهْدُونَ بِأَمْرِنَا لَمَّا صَبَرُوا ۖ وَكَانُوا بِآيَاتِنَا يُوقِنُونَ
📘 (And when they became steadfast) in their faith in and obedience of Me (and believed firmly) believed from their Scripture (in Our revelations) in Muhammad (pbuh) and in the Qur'an, (We appointed from among them) from among the children of Israel (leaders) of goodness (who guided by Our command) who invite people to Our command.
إِنَّ رَبَّكَ هُوَ يَفْصِلُ بَيْنَهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فِيمَا كَانُوا فِيهِ يَخْتَلِفُونَ
📘 (Lo! thy Lord) O Muhammad (will judge between them) between the believer and disbeliever; it is also said: between the Children of Israel (on the Day of Resurrection concerning that wherein) in Religion (they used to differ) they used to oppose.
أَوَلَمْ يَهْدِ لَهُمْ كَمْ أَهْلَكْنَا مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ مِنَ الْقُرُونِ يَمْشُونَ فِي مَسَاكِنِهِمْ ۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ ۖ أَفَلَا يَسْمَعُونَ
📘 (Is it not a guidance for them (to observe)) has not been explained to the disbelievers of Mecca (how many generations He destroyed before them) through His chastisement, (amid whose dwelling places they do walk) they walk amid the dwellings of the people of Shu'ayb, Salih and Hud? (Lo, therein) in that which We have done to them (verily are portents) signs and lessons for those who came after them! (Will they not then heed) will they not obey He Who did this to them?
أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْا أَنَّا نَسُوقُ الْمَاءَ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ الْجُرُزِ فَنُخْرِجُ بِهِ زَرْعًا تَأْكُلُ مِنْهُ أَنْعَامُهُمْ وَأَنْفُسُهُمْ ۖ أَفَلَا يُبْصِرُونَ
📘 (Have they not seen) do the people of Mecca not know (how We lead the water to the barren land) wherein there is no vegetation (and therewith) with the water (bring forth crops whereof) from the grass (their cattle eat, and they themselves) eat from the grains, fruits and legumes? (Will they not then see) do they not know it is from Allah?
وَيَقُولُونَ مَتَىٰ هَٰذَا الْفَتْحُ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ
📘 (And they say) i.e. Banu Khuzaymah and Banu Kinanah say: (When cometh this victory (of yours)) the conquest of Mecca (if ye are truthful) that it will be conquered? They asked this question to mock the believers.
قُلْ يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ لَا يَنْفَعُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا إِيمَانُهُمْ وَلَا هُمْ يُنْظَرُونَ
📘 (Say) O Muhammad to Banu Khuzaymah and Banu Kinanah: (On the day of the victory) of the conquest of Mecca (the faith of those who disbelieve) i.e. Banu Khuzaymah ((and who then will believe) will not avail them) from being killed, (neither will they be reprieved) from being sentenced to death.
أَمْ يَقُولُونَ افْتَرَاهُ ۚ بَلْ هُوَ الْحَقُّ مِنْ رَبِّكَ لِتُنْذِرَ قَوْمًا مَا أَتَاهُمْ مِنْ نَذِيرٍ مِنْ قَبْلِكَ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَهْتَدُونَ
📘 Or say they) the disbelievers of Mecca say: (He hath invented it) Muhammad invented the Qur'an? (Nay, but it) i.e. the Qur'an (is the Truth from thy Lord) Gabriel brought down to you, (that thou mayst warn a folk) i.e. the Quraysh (to whom no warner came before you) no warning messenger came to them before you, O Muhammad, (that haply they may walk aright) that they may be guided from error.
فَأَعْرِضْ عَنْهُمْ وَانْتَظِرْ إِنَّهُمْ مُنْتَظِرُونَ
📘 (So withdraw from them (O Muhammad)) from Banu Khuzaymah and do not preoccupy yourself with them, (and await (the event)) await their destruction on the day of the conquest of Mecca. (Lo! they also are awaiting (it)) they are also awaiting their destruction. And Allah did indeed destroy them upon the conquest of Mecca'.
اللَّهُ الَّذِي خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا فِي سِتَّةِ أَيَّامٍ ثُمَّ اسْتَوَىٰ عَلَى الْعَرْشِ ۖ مَا لَكُمْ مِنْ دُونِهِ مِنْ وَلِيٍّ وَلَا شَفِيعٍ ۚ أَفَلَا تَتَذَكَّرُونَ
📘 (Allah it is Who created the heavens and the earth, and that which is between them) of creation and marvels, (in six Days) the days of the beginning of creation which equal 1,000 years of the years of the life of this world; the first day being Sunday and the last Friday. (Then He mounted the throne) Allah was on the Throne before He created them. (Ye have not) O people of Mecca, (beside Him, a protecting friend) a relative to help you (or mediator) to intercede for you in order for you to forgo Allah's punishment. (Will ye not then remember) will you then not take admonition through the Qur'an and accept faith?
يُدَبِّرُ الْأَمْرَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ ثُمَّ يَعْرُجُ إِلَيْهِ فِي يَوْمٍ كَانَ مِقْدَارُهُ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ مِمَّا تَعُدُّونَ
📘 (He directeth the ordinance from the heaven unto the earth) He sends the angels with revelation, Scriptures and misfortunes; (then it ascendeth unto Him) the angels ascend to Him (in a Day, whereof the measure) the measure of its ascent for other than the angels (is a thousand years of that you reckon) of the years of the life of this world.
ذَٰلِكَ عَالِمُ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَادَةِ الْعَزِيزُ الرَّحِيمُ
📘 (Such) the Ordaining One (is the Knower of the invisible) what is hidden from the servants and will happen in the future (and the visible) that which the servants know and has already happened, (the Mighty) in retribution against the disbelievers, (the Merciful) towards the believers,
الَّذِي أَحْسَنَ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلَقَهُ ۖ وَبَدَأَ خَلْقَ الْإِنْسَانِ مِنْ طِينٍ
📘 (Who made all things good which He created) He Who perfected everything He created, (and He began the creation of man) i.e. Adam (from clay) from the surface of the earth;
ثُمَّ جَعَلَ نَسْلَهُ مِنْ سُلَالَةٍ مِنْ مَاءٍ مَهِينٍ
📘 (Then He made his seed) his offspring (from a drought of despised fluid) from a weak drop of the water of man and woman;
ثُمَّ سَوَّاهُ وَنَفَخَ فِيهِ مِنْ رُوحِهِ ۖ وَجَعَلَ لَكُمُ السَّمْعَ وَالْأَبْصَارَ وَالْأَفْئِدَةَ ۚ قَلِيلًا مَا تَشْكُرُونَ
📘 (Then He fashioned him) He gathered his creation in the womb of his mother (and breathed into him of His Spirit) He placed the spirit in him; (and appointed for you hearing) He created for you hearing so that you hear the Truth and guidance (and sight) so that you see through them the Truth and guidance (and hearts) in order to perceive the Truth and guidance. (Small thanks give you) for that which you have been given!
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