🕋 تفسير سورة الجن
(Al-Jinn) • المصدر: EN-TAFSIR-IBN-ABBAS
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ قُلْ أُوحِيَ إِلَيَّ أَنَّهُ اسْتَمَعَ نَفَرٌ مِنَ الْجِنِّ فَقَالُوا إِنَّا سَمِعْنَا قُرْآنًا عَجَبًا
📘 And from his narration on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas that he said regarding the interpretation of Allah's saying (Say (O Muhammad): It is revealed unto me): '(Say (O Muhammad): It is revealed unto me) say, O Muhammad, to the disbelievers of Mecca that Gabriel has come down and informed me (that a company of the jinn) nine of the jinn of Nusaybin which is near Yemen (gave ear, and they said) after accepting faith and returning to their folk: O our folk! (Lo! it is a marvellous Qur'an) we have listened to the recitation of a marvellous, illustrious and noble Qur'an which resembles the Scripture of Moses, this is because they were followers of the Torah,
وَأَنَّا لَا نَدْرِي أَشَرٌّ أُرِيدَ بِمَنْ فِي الْأَرْضِ أَمْ أَرَادَ بِهِمْ رَبُّهُمْ رَشَدًا
📘 (And we know not whether) in preventing us from listening (harm is boded unto all who are in the earth, or whether their Lord intendeth guidance for them) or whether their Lord intends guidance, goodness and the correct course for them; it is also said that this means: we do not know whether evil is intended for the people of the earth by the advent of Muhammad (pbuh) such that if they do not believe in him they will be destroyed or it is good, guidance and the correct course that their Lord intends for them if they believe in him.
وَأَنَّا مِنَّا الصَّالِحُونَ وَمِنَّا دُونَ ذَٰلِكَ ۖ كُنَّا طَرَائِقَ قِدَدًا
📘 (And among us there are righteous folk) those who believe in Allah's divine Oneness; these are those who believe in Muhammad (pbuh) and the Qur'an (and among us there are far from that) and among us there are disbelievers, the disbelieving jinn. (We are sects having different rules) we followed different religions, i.e. Judaism and Christianity, before believing in Allah.
وَأَنَّا ظَنَنَّا أَنْ لَنْ نُعْجِزَ اللَّهَ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَلَنْ نُعْجِزَهُ هَرَبًا
📘 (And we know) and are certain (that we cannot escape from Allah in the earth) for He can reach us wherever we might be, (nor can we escape by flight) nor can we escape from Him by running away.
وَأَنَّا لَمَّا سَمِعْنَا الْهُدَىٰ آمَنَّا بِهِ ۖ فَمَنْ يُؤْمِنْ بِرَبِّهِ فَلَا يَخَافُ بَخْسًا وَلَا رَهَقًا
📘 (And when we heard the guidance) and when we heard the recitation of the Qur'an by Muhammad (pbuh) (we believed therein) we believed in the Qur'an and Muhammad (pbuh) (and whoso believeth in his Lord, he feareth neither loss) of all his works (nor oppression) nor decrease of his works.
وَأَنَّا مِنَّا الْمُسْلِمُونَ وَمِنَّا الْقَاسِطُونَ ۖ فَمَنْ أَسْلَمَ فَأُولَٰئِكَ تَحَرَّوْا رَشَدًا
📘 (And there are among us some who have surrendered (to Allah)) and there are among us those who are sincere in their belief in Allah's divine Oneness; these are the ones who believed in Muhammad (pbuh) and the Qur'an (and there are among us some who are unjust) i.e. disobedient ones who have deviated from the Truth and guidance; and these are the disbelievers among the jinn. (And whoso hath surrendered to Allah) and whoever is sincere in his belief in Allah's divine Oneness, (such have taken the right path purposefully) such have intended goodness and the correct course.
وَأَمَّا الْقَاسِطُونَ فَكَانُوا لِجَهَنَّمَ حَطَبًا
📘 (And as for those who are unjust) i.e. the disbelievers, (they are firewood for hell.
وَأَنْ لَوِ اسْتَقَامُوا عَلَى الطَّرِيقَةِ لَأَسْقَيْنَاهُمْ مَاءً غَدَقًا
📘 If they (the idolaters) tread the right path) the path of disbelief; and it is said: the path of Islam, (We shall give them to drink of water in abundance) We shall give them abundant wealth and a comfortable life
لِنَفْتِنَهُمْ فِيهِ ۚ وَمَنْ يُعْرِضْ عَنْ ذِكْرِ رَبِّهِ يَسْلُكْهُ عَذَابًا صَعَدًا
📘 (That We may test them thereby) in order that they may revert to that which I have ordained for them, (and whoso turneth away from the remembrance of his Lord) and whoever turns away from believing in the divine Oneness and Scripture of his Lord, i.e. the Qur'an-this refers to al-Walid Ibn al-Mughirah al-Makhzumi; (He will thrust him into ever growing torment) climbing a mountain of smooth stones; and it is said this means: climbing a mountain of copper in the Fire.
وَأَنَّ الْمَسَاجِدَ لِلَّهِ فَلَا تَدْعُوا مَعَ اللَّهِ أَحَدًا
📘 (And the places of worship are only for Allah) they are built for the remembrance of Allah, (so pray not unto) so worship not (anyone along with Allah) in mosques; it is also said that the places of worship refer to the different parts of a person that touch the ground upon prostrating in prayer: the forehead, the knees, the hands and the feet.
وَأَنَّهُ لَمَّا قَامَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ يَدْعُوهُ كَادُوا يَكُونُونَ عَلَيْهِ لِبَدًا
📘 (And when the slave of Allah) Muhammad (pbuh) (stood up) in Batn Nakhl (in prayer to Him) to worship Allah through prayer, (they crowded on him, almost stifling) the jinn almost fell on him because of their love of the Qur'an and Muhammad (pbuh) when they heard him recite the Qur'an in Batn Nakhl.
يَهْدِي إِلَى الرُّشْدِ فَآمَنَّا بِهِ ۖ وَلَنْ نُشْرِكَ بِرَبِّنَا أَحَدًا
📘 (Which guideth unto righteousness) which guides to the Truth, guidance and right course, i.e. to �there is no deity except Allah�, (so we believe in it) we believe in Muhammad (pbuh) and we believe in the Qur'an (and we ascribe unto our Lord no partner) here meaning the devil.
قُلْ إِنَّمَا أَدْعُو رَبِّي وَلَا أُشْرِكُ بِهِ أَحَدًا
📘 (Say (unto them, O Muhammad): I pray unto Allah only) I worship Allah only and call people to worship none but Him, (and ascribe unto Him no partner.
قُلْ إِنِّي لَا أَمْلِكُ لَكُمْ ضَرًّا وَلَا رَشَدًا
📘 Say) O Muhammad, to the people of Mecca: (Lo! I control not hurt) I cannot drive away from you harm, forsakenness or chastisement (nor benefit for you) nor can I give you benefit and guidance.
قُلْ إِنِّي لَنْ يُجِيرَنِي مِنَ اللَّهِ أَحَدٌ وَلَنْ أَجِدَ مِنْ دُونِهِ مُلْتَحَدًا
📘 (Say) to them, O Muhammad: (Lo! none can protect me from Allah) from Allah's chastisement if I disobey Him, (nor can I find any refuge beside Him) nor can I find any escape or hiding place from Allah's chastisement if I disobey Him.
إِلَّا بَلَاغًا مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرِسَالَاتِهِ ۚ وَمَنْ يَعْصِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ فَإِنَّ لَهُ نَارَ جَهَنَّمَ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا أَبَدًا
📘 ((Mine is) but conveyance (of the Truth) from Allah) he says: nothing can save me except conveyance on behalf of Allah, (and His messages; and whoso disobeyeth Allah) regarding Allah's divine Oneness (and His messenger) in his conveyance of the message, (lo! His) in the Hereafter (is fire of hell, wherein such dwell forever) never to die or leave it.
حَتَّىٰ إِذَا رَأَوْا مَا يُوعَدُونَ فَسَيَعْلَمُونَ مَنْ أَضْعَفُ نَاصِرًا وَأَقَلُّ عَدَدًا
📘 (Till (the day)) He says: wait for them until the day (when they shall behold that which they are promised) of chastisement; (but then they will know for certain) this is a threat from Allah to them (who is weaker in allies and less in multitude) who has less helpers.
قُلْ إِنْ أَدْرِي أَقَرِيبٌ مَا تُوعَدُونَ أَمْ يَجْعَلُ لَهُ رَبِّي أَمَدًا
📘 (Say) to them, O Muhammad: (I know not whether that which ye are promised) of chastisement (is nigh, or if my Lord hath set a distant term for it.
عَالِمُ الْغَيْبِ فَلَا يُظْهِرُ عَلَىٰ غَيْبِهِ أَحَدًا
📘 (He is) the knower of the Unseen) He knows when the chastisement will happen, (and He revealeth unto none His secret,
إِلَّا مَنِ ارْتَضَىٰ مِنْ رَسُولٍ فَإِنَّهُ يَسْلُكُ مِنْ بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِ رَصَدًا
📘 Save unto every messenger whom he hath chosen) He reveals to them some instances of the Unseen, (and then He maketh a guard) angels (to go before him) before the messenger (and a guard behind him) to protect him from the jinn, devils and human beings so that they do not hear Gabriel reciting the revelations.
لِيَعْلَمَ أَنْ قَدْ أَبْلَغُوا رِسَالَاتِ رَبِّهِمْ وَأَحَاطَ بِمَا لَدَيْهِمْ وَأَحْصَىٰ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ عَدَدًا
📘 (That He) that Muhammad (pbuh) (may know that they) i.e. the messengers (have indeed conveyed the messages of their Lord) the angels protected them just as they are protecting you; it is also said that this means: so that the messengers, Muhammad and other messengers, know that the angels have conveyed the message from Allah; and it is also said that this means: so that the jinn and human beings know that the messengers have conveyed the messages of their Lord. (He surroundeth all their doings) He has full knowledge of all the angels that surround them, (and He keepeth count of all things) it is also said that He knows their number just as He knows the state of the one who is wrapped up in his raiment'.
وَأَنَّهُ تَعَالَىٰ جَدُّ رَبِّنَا مَا اتَّخَذَ صَاحِبَةً وَلَا وَلَدًا
📘 (And (we believe) that He-exalted be the glory of our Lord-) and that the dominion of our Lord is exalted; it is also said this means: the tremendousness, sovereignty, absoluteness and attributes of our Lord are far exalted, and He (hath taken neither wife nor son) as the disbelievers claim,
وَأَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ سَفِيهُنَا عَلَى اللَّهِ شَطَطًا
📘 (And that the foolish one among us) i.e. the devil (used to speak concerning Allah an atrocious lie.
وَأَنَّا ظَنَنَّا أَنْ لَنْ تَقُولَ الْإِنْسُ وَالْجِنُّ عَلَى اللَّهِ كَذِبًا
📘 And lo! we had supposed that humankind and jinn would not speak a lie concerning Allah) and we thought that what humans and the jinn said about Allah was not a lie, but we know now that it is. From the beginning of the surah up to here, Allah related what the jinn said.
وَأَنَّهُ كَانَ رِجَالٌ مِنَ الْإِنْسِ يَعُوذُونَ بِرِجَالٍ مِنَ الْجِنِّ فَزَادُوهُمْ رَهَقًا
📘 Allah then said: (And indeed (O Muhammad) individuals of humankind used to invoke the protection of individuals of the jinn so that they increased them) because of that (in revolt (against Allah)) in pride, arrogance, sedition, and corruption. This is because they were afraid of them whenever they travelled, caught a game or camped in a valley. And to avoid their harm they used to say: �we seek refuge in the master of this valley from the foolish ones of his folk� after which they felt safe. As a result, the masters of these places increased in nothing but pride and arrogance towards the communality among their folk. There are three kinds of jinn: one kind flies in the air; another kind ascends and descends wherever they wish; and a third kind resembles dogs and snakes;
وَأَنَّهُمْ ظَنُّوا كَمَا ظَنَنْتُمْ أَنْ لَنْ يَبْعَثَ اللَّهُ أَحَدًا
📘 (And indeed they) the disbelievers of the jinn before they accepted faith (supposed, even as you suppose) O people of Mecca, (that Allah would not raise anyone (from the dead)) and it is also said that this means: and they supposed just as you did that Allah will not send anyone as a messenger.
وَأَنَّا لَمَسْنَا السَّمَاءَ فَوَجَدْنَاهَا مُلِئَتْ حَرَسًا شَدِيدًا وَشُهُبًا
📘 Allah then went back to the talk of the jinn, saying: (And (the jinn who had listened to the Qur'an said): We had sought the heaven) before we accepted faith (but had found it filled with strong warders) angels (and meteors) preventing them from listening.
وَأَنَّا كُنَّا نَقْعُدُ مِنْهَا مَقَاعِدَ لِلسَّمْعِ ۖ فَمَنْ يَسْتَمِعِ الْآنَ يَجِدْ لَهُ شِهَابًا رَصَدًا
📘 (And we used to sit on places (high) therein) in heaven (to listen) before the advent of Muhammad (pbuh). (But he who listened now) after the advent of Muhammad (pbuh) (findeth a flame) a shining star (in wait for him) from the angels in order to prevent them from listening;
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