🕋 تفسير سورة الإنسان
(Al-Insan) • المصدر: EN-TAFSIR-IBN-ABBAS
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ هَلْ أَتَىٰ عَلَى الْإِنْسَانِ حِينٌ مِنَ الدَّهْرِ لَمْ يَكُنْ شَيْئًا مَذْكُورًا
📘 And from his narration on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas that he said regarding the interpretation of Allah's saying (Hath there come upon man (ever)): '(Hath there come upon man (ever)) there has come upon Adam (any period of time) a period of 40 years when he was created and fashioned (in which he was a thing unremembered?) not knowing who he was, what his name was or what Allah wanted from him.
إِنَّا نَخَافُ مِنْ رَبِّنَا يَوْمًا عَبُوسًا قَمْطَرِيرًا
📘 (Lo! we fear from our Lord) from the punishment of our Lord (a day of frowning) when faces are frowning (and of fate) a hard day whose torment and horrors are severe.
فَوَقَاهُمُ اللَّهُ شَرَّ ذَٰلِكَ الْيَوْمِ وَلَقَّاهُمْ نَضْرَةً وَسُرُورًا
📘 (Therefore Allah hath warded from them the evil of that day) the torment of that day, (and hath made them find) and has given them (brightness) bright and beautiful faces (and joy) in their hearts;
وَجَزَاهُمْ بِمَا صَبَرُوا جَنَّةً وَحَرِيرًا
📘 (And hath awarded them for all that they endured) in the life of the world of poverty and misfortunes, (a Garden and silk attire;
مُتَّكِئِينَ فِيهَا عَلَى الْأَرَائِكِ ۖ لَا يَرَوْنَ فِيهَا شَمْسًا وَلَا زَمْهَرِيرًا
📘 (Reclining therein) sitting comfortably in the Garden (upon couches) in curtained canopies, (they will find there neither (heat of) a sun nor bitter cold) He says: they are touched neither by the heat of the sun nor by cold.
وَدَانِيَةً عَلَيْهِمْ ظِلَالُهَا وَذُلِّلَتْ قُطُوفُهَا تَذْلِيلًا
📘 (The shade) of trees (thereof is close upon them and the clustered fruits thereof bow down) are made close and available to them.
وَيُطَافُ عَلَيْهِمْ بِآنِيَةٍ مِنْ فِضَّةٍ وَأَكْوَابٍ كَانَتْ قَوَارِيرَا
📘 (Goblets of silver are brought round for them) by servants, (and beakers (as) of glass) without handles or covers
قَوَارِيرَ مِنْ فِضَّةٍ قَدَّرُوهَا تَقْدِيرًا
📘 ((Bright as) glass but (made) of silver, which they (themselves) have measured) in the hands of slave youths (to the measure (of their deeds)) it is also said that the drink is so measured that it is neither more nor less than what is required.
وَيُسْقَوْنَ فِيهَا كَأْسًا كَانَ مِزَاجُهَا زَنْجَبِيلًا
📘 (There) in the Garden (are they watered with a cup) of wine (whereof the mixture is of Zanjabil,
عَيْنًا فِيهَا تُسَمَّىٰ سَلْسَبِيلًا
📘 The water of a spring therein) in the Garden, (named Salsabil.
۞ وَيَطُوفُ عَلَيْهِمْ وِلْدَانٌ مُخَلَّدُونَ إِذَا رَأَيْتَهُمْ حَسِبْتَهُمْ لُؤْلُؤًا مَنْثُورًا
📘 There wait on them youths of immortal youths) in Paradise who never die or are taken out of it; it is also said this means: youths wearing beautiful garments, (whom, when you see) O Muhammad, (thou wouldst take for scattered pearls) because of their brightness; and it is also said this means: because of their scatteredness.
إِنَّا خَلَقْنَا الْإِنْسَانَ مِنْ نُطْفَةٍ أَمْشَاجٍ نَبْتَلِيهِ فَجَعَلْنَاهُ سَمِيعًا بَصِيرًا
📘 (Lo! We create man) i.e. the progeny of Adam (from a drop of thickened fluid) from Adam and Eve's drops of two different kinds of fluid: that of man being white and thick and that of the woman being yellow and thin; thus progeny comes from both of them (to test him) with hardship and comfort; it is also said this means: to test him with good and evil; (so We make him hearing, knowing) We gave him the faculty of hearing so that he could hear the Truth and guidance and the faculty of sight so that he could see the Truth and guidance. It is also said that We make him hearing, knowing in order to test him with good and evil, faith and disbelief.
وَإِذَا رَأَيْتَ ثَمَّ رَأَيْتَ نَعِيمًا وَمُلْكًا كَبِيرًا
📘 (When thou seest) O Muhammad, (thou wilt see there) in the Garden (bliss) lasting bliss for its dwellers (and high estate) none enters in on them except with greetings of peace and permission.
عَالِيَهُمْ ثِيَابُ سُنْدُسٍ خُضْرٌ وَإِسْتَبْرَقٌ ۖ وَحُلُّوا أَسَاوِرَ مِنْ فِضَّةٍ وَسَقَاهُمْ رَبُّهُمْ شَرَابًا طَهُورًا
📘 (Their raiment will be fine green silk and gold embroidery. Bracelets of silver will they wear. Their Lord will slake their thirst with a pure drink) pure from filth; it is also said this means: Allah purifies them from hatred, cheating and enmity.
إِنَّ هَٰذَا كَانَ لَكُمْ جَزَاءً وَكَانَ سَعْيُكُمْ مَشْكُورًا
📘 (Lo! This) which I have described to you of food, drink and raiment (is a reward for you) is a reward from Allah. (Your endeavour (upon earth) hath found acceptance) your works were accepted and made to grow.
إِنَّا نَحْنُ نَزَّلْنَا عَلَيْكَ الْقُرْآنَ تَنْزِيلًا
📘 (Lo! We, even We, have revealed unto thee the Qur'an) We have sent you Gabriel with the Qur'an, (a revelation) in instalments: one, two and three verses at a time;
فَاصْبِرْ لِحُكْمِ رَبِّكَ وَلَا تُطِعْ مِنْهُمْ آثِمًا أَوْ كَفُورًا
📘 (So submit patiently to thy Lord's command) to your Lord's decree; and it is also said this means: be patient in conveying the message of your Lord, (and obey not of them) of the disbelievers of Quraysh (any guilty one) any lewd and liar one, i.e. al-Walid Ibn al-Mughirah (or disbeliever) in Allah, i.e. 'Utbah Ibn Rabi'ah.
وَاذْكُرِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ بُكْرَةً وَأَصِيلًا
📘 (Remember the name of thy Lord) pray by the command of your Lord (at morn and evening) i.e. the prayers of Fajr, Zuhr and 'Asr.
وَمِنَ اللَّيْلِ فَاسْجُدْ لَهُ وَسَبِّحْهُ لَيْلًا طَوِيلًا
📘 (And worship Him (a portion) of the night) pray the prayer of Maghrib and 'Isha'. (And glorify Him through the livelong night) pray to Him at night, this refers to supererogatory prayers; it is also said that the night prayer was made compulsory on him but not on his Companions.
إِنَّ هَٰؤُلَاءِ يُحِبُّونَ الْعَاجِلَةَ وَيَذَرُونَ وَرَاءَهُمْ يَوْمًا ثَقِيلًا
📘 (Lo! These) the people of Mecca (love fleeting life) love striving for the life of the world, (and put behind them (the remembrance of)) and refrain from striving for the day which is ahead of them (a grievous day) whose torment and horrors are severe.
نَحْنُ خَلَقْنَاهُمْ وَشَدَدْنَا أَسْرَهُمْ ۖ وَإِذَا شِئْنَا بَدَّلْنَا أَمْثَالَهُمْ تَبْدِيلًا
📘 (We, even We, created them) i.e. the people of Mecca, (and strengthened their frame) and made their constitution strong. (And when We will, We can replace them, bringing others like them) i.e. We destroy them (in their stead) He says: if We had willed, We would have destroyed these sinful and disbelieving people and brought instead of them people who are better and more obedient.
إِنَّ هَٰذِهِ تَذْكِرَةٌ ۖ فَمَنْ شَاءَ اتَّخَذَ إِلَىٰ رَبِّهِ سَبِيلًا
📘 (Lo! this is an Admonishment) from Allah, (that whosoever will may choose a way unto his Lord) that whoever will may believe in Allah's divine Oneness and return to his Lord.
إِنَّا هَدَيْنَاهُ السَّبِيلَ إِمَّا شَاكِرًا وَإِمَّا كَفُورًا
📘 (Lo! We have shown him the way) of faith and disbelief, good and evil, (whether he be grateful) accepting faith (or disbelieving) it is also said this means: We have shown him the way to be either grateful or ungrateful.
وَمَا تَشَاءُونَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَشَاءَ اللَّهُ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا
📘 (Yet ye will not) good or evil, faith or disbelief, (unless Allah willeth) that you will it. (Lo! Allah is Knower) of what you will whether it is good or evil, (Wise) He decreed that you do not will anything of good or evil except that which He wills.
يُدْخِلُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ فِي رَحْمَتِهِ ۚ وَالظَّالِمِينَ أَعَدَّ لَهُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا
📘 (He maketh whom He will to enter His mercy) He honours whoever deserves it with the religion of Islam, (and for evil-doers) the disbelieving idolaters (hath prepared) soon in the Hereafter (a painful doom) whose pain extends to their hearts'.
إِنَّا أَعْتَدْنَا لِلْكَافِرِينَ سَلَاسِلَ وَأَغْلَالًا وَسَعِيرًا
📘 (Lo! We have prepared for disbelievers) Abu Jahl and his followers (manacles and carcans) in the Fire (and a raging fire.
إِنَّ الْأَبْرَارَ يَشْرَبُونَ مِنْ كَأْسٍ كَانَ مِزَاجُهَا كَافُورًا
📘 Lo! the righteous) who are true in their faith and obey Allah (shall drink of a cup) shall drink wine in Paradise (whereof the mixture is of water of Kafur,
عَيْنًا يَشْرَبُ بِهَا عِبَادُ اللَّهِ يُفَجِّرُونَهَا تَفْجِيرًا
📘 A spring wherefrom the slaves of Allah) the friends of Allah (drink, making it gush forth abundantly) whenever they wish, from the Garden into their own habitations and palaces; it is also said that this means: they make it into a mixture;
يُوفُونَ بِالنَّذْرِ وَيَخَافُونَ يَوْمًا كَانَ شَرُّهُ مُسْتَطِيرًا
📘 Allah then described their traits when they were in the life of the world, saying: (Because they perform the vow) because they fulfil their pledges and oath by Allah; it is also said this means: they perform the obligations (and fear a day) and fear the torment of a day (whereof the evil) the torment (is wide spreading,
وَيُطْعِمُونَ الطَّعَامَ عَلَىٰ حُبِّهِ مِسْكِينًا وَيَتِيمًا وَأَسِيرًا
📘 And feed with food the needy wretch, the orphan) among the Muslims (and the prisoner) and the Muslim prisoner in the captivity of the idolaters; and it is also said: any kind of prisoner, (for love of Him) despite their desire for food and its scarcity,
إِنَّمَا نُطْعِمُكُمْ لِوَجْهِ اللَّهِ لَا نُرِيدُ مِنْكُمْ جَزَاءً وَلَا شُكُورًا
📘 ((Saying)) that is inwardly, because they did not utter this openly but Allah informed us about the genuineness of their hearts: (We feed you, for the sake of Allah only) we feed you for the sake of Allah's reward and beneficence only. (We wish for no reward) with which to pay us back (nor thanks from you) nor gratitude from you;
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