🕋 تفسير سورة إبراهيم
(Ibrahim) • المصدر: EN-AL-JALALAYN
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ الر ۚ كِتَابٌ أَنْزَلْنَاهُ إِلَيْكَ لِتُخْرِجَ النَّاسَ مِنَ الظُّلُمَاتِ إِلَى النُّورِ بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِمْ إِلَىٰ صِرَاطِ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَمِيدِ
📘 Alif lām rā’ God knows best what He means by these letters. This Qur’ān is a Book We have revealed to you O Muhammad (s) that you may bring forth mankind from darkness from unbelief into light into faith by the leave by the command of their Lord ilā’l-nūr ‘into light’ may be substituted by the following ilā sirāt to the path the way of the Mighty the Victor the Praised the One who is constantly praised.
۞ قَالَتْ رُسُلُهُمْ أَفِي اللَّهِ شَكٌّ فَاطِرِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۖ يَدْعُوكُمْ لِيَغْفِرَ لَكُمْ مِنْ ذُنُوبِكُمْ وَيُؤَخِّرَكُمْ إِلَىٰ أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى ۚ قَالُوا إِنْ أَنْتُمْ إِلَّا بَشَرٌ مِثْلُنَا تُرِيدُونَ أَنْ تَصُدُّونَا عَمَّا كَانَ يَعْبُدُ آبَاؤُنَا فَأْتُونَا بِسُلْطَانٍ مُبِينٍ
📘 Their messengers said ‘Can there be doubt concerning God an interrogative meant as a denial in other words there can be no doubt concerning His Oneness given the manifest proofs of it the Originator the Creator of the heavens and the earth? He calls you to obedience of Him so that He might forgive you your sins min dhunūbikum min is extra since through submission to the One God all that may have been committed previously is forgiven or else it min ‘some of’ is partitive intended to state that forgiveness which is due to God’s servants and defer you without chastisement to an appointed term’ the term of death. They said ‘You are but mortals like us desiring to bar us from that which our fathers used to worship in the way of idols. So bring us a clear warrant’ a manifest argument demonstrating your truthfulness.
قَالَتْ لَهُمْ رُسُلُهُمْ إِنْ نَحْنُ إِلَّا بَشَرٌ مِثْلُكُمْ وَلَٰكِنَّ اللَّهَ يَمُنُّ عَلَىٰ مَنْ يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ ۖ وَمَا كَانَ لَنَا أَنْ نَأْتِيَكُمْ بِسُلْطَانٍ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ ۚ وَعَلَى اللَّهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ
📘 Their messengers said to them ‘We are but mortals like you as you have said; but God is gracious to whomever He will of His servants by way of assigning prophethood. And it is not ours to bring you any warrant save by the leave of God by His command for we are servants enthralled; and in God let believers put their trust let them have confidence in Him.
وَمَا لَنَا أَلَّا نَتَوَكَّلَ عَلَى اللَّهِ وَقَدْ هَدَانَا سُبُلَنَا ۚ وَلَنَصْبِرَنَّ عَلَىٰ مَا آذَيْتُمُونَا ۚ وَعَلَى اللَّهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ الْمُتَوَكِّلُونَ
📘 And why indeed should we not put our trust in God in other words there is nothing to prevent us from doing this when He has guided us our ways? And we shall surely endure the hurt you do us. And in God let the trusting put their trust’.
وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لِرُسُلِهِمْ لَنُخْرِجَنَّكُمْ مِنْ أَرْضِنَا أَوْ لَتَعُودُنَّ فِي مِلَّتِنَا ۖ فَأَوْحَىٰ إِلَيْهِمْ رَبُّهُمْ لَنُهْلِكَنَّ الظَّالِمِينَ
📘 And those who disbelieved said to their messengers ‘We will assuredly expel you from our land or you will surely return you will surely end up returning to our creed’ our religion. Then their Lord inspired them saying ‘We shall surely destroy the evildoers the disbelievers
وَلَنُسْكِنَنَّكُمُ الْأَرْضَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ لِمَنْ خَافَ مَقَامِي وَخَافَ وَعِيدِ
📘 and We shall surely make you dwell in the land their land after them after they have been destroyed — that victory over them and bequest of the land to you is for whoever fears the standing before Me that is whoever fears when he comes to stand before Me and fears My threat’ of chastisement.
وَاسْتَفْتَحُوا وَخَابَ كُلُّ جَبَّارٍ عَنِيدٍ
📘 And they sought victory the messengers sought assistance from God against their people; and every tyrant disdaining obedience to God rebellious obstinate to the truth was brought to nothing;
مِنْ وَرَائِهِ جَهَنَّمُ وَيُسْقَىٰ مِنْ مَاءٍ صَدِيدٍ
📘 beyond him that is in front of him is Hell which he will enter and he is given to drink in it of festering fluid — which is what issues out of the insides of the people of the Fire mixed with pus and blood —
يَتَجَرَّعُهُ وَلَا يَكَادُ يُسِيغُهُ وَيَأْتِيهِ الْمَوْتُ مِنْ كُلِّ مَكَانٍ وَمَا هُوَ بِمَيِّتٍ ۖ وَمِنْ وَرَائِهِ عَذَابٌ غَلِيظٌ
📘 which he sips gulping it repeatedly because of its acridity but can scarcely swallow scarcely ingest because it is so foul and disgusting; and death that is those causes of it that necessarily bring it about in the way of different types of chastisement comes to him from every side yet he cannot die; and still beyond him after that chastisement there is a harsh chastisement a severe one following on from the previous one.
مَثَلُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِرَبِّهِمْ ۖ أَعْمَالُهُمْ كَرَمَادٍ اشْتَدَّتْ بِهِ الرِّيحُ فِي يَوْمٍ عَاصِفٍ ۖ لَا يَقْدِرُونَ مِمَّا كَسَبُوا عَلَىٰ شَيْءٍ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ هُوَ الضَّلَالُ الْبَعِيدُ
📘 The likeness the description of those who disbelieve in their Lord alladhīna kafarū bi-rabbihim the subject substituted by the following a‘māluhum their works the righteous ones such as kindness to kin or an act of charity — in the way that no benefit can be derived from them it is because these works — are as ashes over which the wind blows hard on a tempestuous day one in which the winds blow violently making them as scattered dust over which none can have power the genitive clause beginning with ka-ramādin ‘as ashes’ constitutes the predicate of the above-mentioned subject; they that is the disbelievers have no power over anything that they have earned anything that they had done in their life on earth in other words they shall find no reward for it since this was never a precondition. That is extreme error extreme perdition!
أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ بِالْحَقِّ ۚ إِنْ يَشَأْ يُذْهِبْكُمْ وَيَأْتِ بِخَلْقٍ جَدِيدٍ
📘 Have you not seen have you not observed O you being addressed this is an interrogative meant as an affirmative that God created the heavens and the earth in truth? bi’l-haqq is semantically connected to the action of the verb khalaqa ‘created’. If He will He can take you away O mankind and bring about a new creation in your place.
اللَّهِ الَّذِي لَهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ ۗ وَوَيْلٌ لِلْكَافِرِينَ مِنْ عَذَابٍ شَدِيدٍ
📘 God Allāhi read in the genitive as a substitution or an explicative supplement with what follows being an adjectival qualification; or read as Allāhu in the nominative as a subject the predicate of which is what follows to Whom belongs all that is in the heavens and all that is in the earth as possessions creatures and servants. And woe to the disbelievers from a terrible chastisement
وَمَا ذَٰلِكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ بِعَزِيزٍ
📘 And that for God is surely no great no difficult matter.
وَبَرَزُوا لِلَّهِ جَمِيعًا فَقَالَ الضُّعَفَاءُ لِلَّذِينَ اسْتَكْبَرُوا إِنَّا كُنَّا لَكُمْ تَبَعًا فَهَلْ أَنْتُمْ مُغْنُونَ عَنَّا مِنْ عَذَابِ اللَّهِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ ۚ قَالُوا لَوْ هَدَانَا اللَّهُ لَهَدَيْنَاكُمْ ۖ سَوَاءٌ عَلَيْنَا أَجَزِعْنَا أَمْ صَبَرْنَا مَا لَنَا مِنْ مَحِيصٍ
📘 And they that is all creatures sally forth to God wa-barazū this and what follows is expressed in the past tense because it will come to pass all together; then the weak the followers say to those who were arrogant those who were followed ‘Indeed we were your followers taba‘an is the plural of tābi‘. Will you then avail defend us against the chastisement of God in any way?’ min ‘adhābi’Llāhi min shay’in the first min is explicative while the second one is partitive. They the ones followed say ‘If God had guided us we would have guided you we would have called you to right guidance. It is the same for us whether we rage impatiently or patiently endure; we do not have any asylum’ any refuge min mahīs ‘any asylum’ min is extra.
وَقَالَ الشَّيْطَانُ لَمَّا قُضِيَ الْأَمْرُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَعَدَكُمْ وَعْدَ الْحَقِّ وَوَعَدْتُكُمْ فَأَخْلَفْتُكُمْ ۖ وَمَا كَانَ لِيَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنْ سُلْطَانٍ إِلَّا أَنْ دَعَوْتُكُمْ فَاسْتَجَبْتُمْ لِي ۖ فَلَا تَلُومُونِي وَلُومُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ ۖ مَا أَنَا بِمُصْرِخِكُمْ وَمَا أَنْتُمْ بِمُصْرِخِيَّ ۖ إِنِّي كَفَرْتُ بِمَا أَشْرَكْتُمُونِ مِنْ قَبْلُ ۗ إِنَّ الظَّالِمِينَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ
📘 And Satan Iblīs says when the issue has been decided and the people of Paradise are in Paradise and those of the Fire are in the Fire and they the people of the Fire have gathered round him ‘Truly God promised you a promise of truth regarding resurrection and requital fulfilling it to you; whereas I promised you that this would not be then failed you for over you I had no warrant min sultān min is extra no power or capacity to compel you to follow me except that I called you and you responded to me. So do not blame me but blame yourselves for having responded to me. I cannot heed your distress call I cannot bring aid to you nor can you heed mine read bi-musrikhiyya or bi-musrikhī. Lo! I disbelieved in your making me an associate of God formerly’ during life on earth. God exalted be He says Truly for the evildoers the disbelievers there shall be a painful chastisement.
وَأُدْخِلَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِمْ ۖ تَحِيَّتُهُمْ فِيهَا سَلَامٌ
📘 And those who believed and performed righteous deeds they are admitted to gardens underneath which rivers flow abiding khālidīna is a circumstantial qualifier of an implied situation therein by the leave of their Lord their greeting therein from God and from the angels and between themselves ‘Peace!’.
أَلَمْ تَرَ كَيْفَ ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلًا كَلِمَةً طَيِّبَةً كَشَجَرَةٍ طَيِّبَةٍ أَصْلُهَا ثَابِتٌ وَفَرْعُهَا فِي السَّمَاءِ
📘 Have you not seen observed how God has struck a similitude? mathalan is substituted by the following words kalimatan tayyibatan a goodly saying which is ‘there is no god but God’ is as a goodly tree a palm tree its root set firm in the ground and its shoots its branches are in heaven;
تُؤْتِي أُكُلَهَا كُلَّ حِينٍ بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهَا ۗ وَيَضْرِبُ اللَّهُ الْأَمْثَالَ لِلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَذَكَّرُونَ
📘 it gives its produce its fruit every season by the leave of its Lord by His will. Similarly the words of faith are set firm in the heart of the believer; his works are raised up to heaven and he receives the blessings and reward therefrom all the time. And God strikes He makes clear similitudes for mankind so that they might remember be admonished and therefore believe.
وَمَثَلُ كَلِمَةٍ خَبِيثَةٍ كَشَجَرَةٍ خَبِيثَةٍ اجْتُثَّتْ مِنْ فَوْقِ الْأَرْضِ مَا لَهَا مِنْ قَرَارٍ
📘 And the similitude of a bad saying that is the word of unbelief is as a bad tree a colocynth uprooted from upon the earth having no stability no fixing or foundation. Similarly the word of unbelief has no foundation and no shoot or blessing.
يُثَبِّتُ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِالْقَوْلِ الثَّابِتِ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ ۖ وَيُضِلُّ اللَّهُ الظَّالِمِينَ ۚ وَيَفْعَلُ اللَّهُ مَا يَشَاءُ
📘 God confirms those who believe by a firm saying namely the profession of His Oneness in the life of this world and in the Hereafter that is in the grave when the two angels question them about their Lord their religion and their Prophet and they respond correctly as reported in the hadīth of the two Shaykhs al-Bukhārī and Muslim; and God sends astray the evildoers the disbelievers and therefore they are not guided to the correct response saying instead ‘We do not know’ as reported in the hadīth; and God does what He will.
۞ أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَتَ اللَّهِ كُفْرًا وَأَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دَارَ الْبَوَارِ
📘 Have you not seen observed those who exchanged God’s grace that is the thanks due for it for unthankfulness — these were the disbelievers of Quraysh — and who by leading them astray caused their people to take up residence in the Abode of Ruin?
جَهَنَّمَ يَصْلَوْنَهَا ۖ وَبِئْسَ الْقَرَارُ
📘 Hell jahannama a supplement functioning as an explicative to which they shall be exposed admitted — an evil place to settle!
الَّذِينَ يَسْتَحِبُّونَ الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا عَلَى الْآخِرَةِ وَيَصُدُّونَ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَيَبْغُونَهَا عِوَجًا ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ فِي ضَلَالٍ بَعِيدٍ
📘 those who alladhīna is a description prefer choose the life of this world over the Hereafter and bar people from God’s way from the religion of Islam and seek to make it that is the path crooked — those they are far astray from the truth.
وَجَعَلُوا لِلَّهِ أَنْدَادًا لِيُضِلُّوا عَنْ سَبِيلِهِ ۗ قُلْ تَمَتَّعُوا فَإِنَّ مَصِيرَكُمْ إِلَى النَّارِ
📘 And they have set up rivals to associates with God that they might lead others astray read li-yadillū or li-yudillū from His way the religion of Islam. Say to them ‘Enjoy! this world of yours for a short time. For lo! your journey’s end your return shall be to the Fire!’.
قُلْ لِعِبَادِيَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا يُقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَيُنْفِقُوا مِمَّا رَزَقْنَاهُمْ سِرًّا وَعَلَانِيَةً مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ يَوْمٌ لَا بَيْعٌ فِيهِ وَلَا خِلَالٌ
📘 Tell My servants who believe that they establish prayers and expend of that which We have provided them secretly and openly before a day comes wherein there will be neither bargaining ransoming nor befriending that is when there will not be any friendship of any benefit this is the Day of Resurrection.
اللَّهُ الَّذِي خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ وَأَنْزَلَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً فَأَخْرَجَ بِهِ مِنَ الثَّمَرَاتِ رِزْقًا لَكُمْ ۖ وَسَخَّرَ لَكُمُ الْفُلْكَ لِتَجْرِيَ فِي الْبَحْرِ بِأَمْرِهِ ۖ وَسَخَّرَ لَكُمُ الْأَنْهَارَ
📘 God it is Who created the heavens and the earth and He sends down water from the heaven and with it He brings forth fruits as sustenance for you. And He has disposed for you the ships that they may run upon the sea laden with passengers and cargo at His commandment by His leave and He has disposed for you the rivers.
وَسَخَّرَ لَكُمُ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ دَائِبَيْنِ ۖ وَسَخَّرَ لَكُمُ اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ
📘 And He has disposed for you the sun and the moon constant moving in their courses without pause; and He has disposed for you the night that you may rest therein and the day that you may seek of His bounty therein.
وَآتَاكُمْ مِنْ كُلِّ مَا سَأَلْتُمُوهُ ۚ وَإِنْ تَعُدُّوا نِعْمَتَ اللَّهِ لَا تُحْصُوهَا ۗ إِنَّ الْإِنْسَانَ لَظَلُومٌ كَفَّارٌ
📘 And He gives you of all that you ask of Him according to your individual best interests. And if you were to enumerate God’s graces meaning His bestowal of graces you could never number it you would not be able to count it. Lo! man the disbelieving man is verily a wrong-doer and unthankful! ever wronging his own soul through acts of disobedience and ungratefulness towards God’s grace.
وَإِذْ قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ رَبِّ اجْعَلْ هَٰذَا الْبَلَدَ آمِنًا وَاجْنُبْنِي وَبَنِيَّ أَنْ نَعْبُدَ الْأَصْنَامَ
📘 And mention when Abraham said ‘My Lord make this land Mecca secure — God granted him this petition and thus made it Mecca a sanctuary in which no human blood is shed no person is wronged prey is not hunted and one which is never deserted in any of its parts — and turn me and my sons away from serving idols.
رَبِّ إِنَّهُنَّ أَضْلَلْنَ كَثِيرًا مِنَ النَّاسِ ۖ فَمَنْ تَبِعَنِي فَإِنَّهُ مِنِّي ۖ وَمَنْ عَصَانِي فَإِنَّكَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ
📘 My Lord truly they idols have led many of mankind astray because of their mankind’s worship of them. So whoever follows me believing in the Oneness of God verily belongs with me belongs with those who follow my religion; and whoever disobeys me truly You are Forgiving Merciful this was before he was aware of the fact that God does not forgive idolatry.
رَبَّنَا إِنِّي أَسْكَنْتُ مِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِي بِوَادٍ غَيْرِ ذِي زَرْعٍ عِنْدَ بَيْتِكَ الْمُحَرَّمِ رَبَّنَا لِيُقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ فَاجْعَلْ أَفْئِدَةً مِنَ النَّاسِ تَهْوِي إِلَيْهِمْ وَارْزُقْهُمْ مِنَ الثَّمَرَاتِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَشْكُرُونَ
📘 Our Lord indeed I have made some of my seed that is Ishmael and his mother Hagar to dwell in a valley where there is no sown land namely Mecca by Your Sacred House which had been there since before the Flood our Lord that they may establish prayer. So make some of the hearts of men yearn incline and long towards them — Ibn ‘Abbās said ‘Had He said “Make all the hearts of men …” assuredly the Persians the Byzantines and all of mankind would have yearned towards them’. And provide them with fruits that they might be thankful and this petition was granted for the town of al-Tā’if was transferred to that land.
رَبَّنَا إِنَّكَ تَعْلَمُ مَا نُخْفِي وَمَا نُعْلِنُ ۗ وَمَا يَخْفَىٰ عَلَى اللَّهِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَلَا فِي السَّمَاءِ
📘 Our Lord You know what we hide keep secret and what we proclaim. And nothing min shay’in min is extra is hidden from God in the earth or in the heaven these may constitute God’s words or the words of Abraham.
الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي وَهَبَ لِي عَلَى الْكِبَرِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ وَإِسْحَاقَ ۚ إِنَّ رَبِّي لَسَمِيعُ الدُّعَاءِ
📘 Praise be to God Who has given me despite my old age Ishmael — born to him when he Abraham was 99 years old — and Isaac — born to him when he was 112 years old. Lo! my Lord is indeed the Hearer of supplication.
وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَا مِنْ رَسُولٍ إِلَّا بِلِسَانِ قَوْمِهِ لِيُبَيِّنَ لَهُمْ ۖ فَيُضِلُّ اللَّهُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيَهْدِي مَنْ يَشَاءُ ۚ وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ
📘 And We have not sent any Messenger except with the tongue with the language of his people that he might make the Message clear to them that he might make them understand what he brings to them; God then sends astray whomever He will and He guides whomever He will; and He is the Mighty in His kingdom the Wise in His actions.
رَبِّ اجْعَلْنِي مُقِيمَ الصَّلَاةِ وَمِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِي ۚ رَبَّنَا وَتَقَبَّلْ دُعَاءِ
📘 My Lord make me an establisher of prayer and make of my seed those who will establish it the use of partitive min in min dhurriyatī ‘of my seed’ is because God informed him that some of them his seed would be disbelievers. Our Lord! And accept my supplication the supplication mentioned.
رَبَّنَا اغْفِرْ لِي وَلِوَالِدَيَّ وَلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَوْمَ يَقُومُ الْحِسَابُ
📘 Our Lord forgive me and my parents — this was before their enmity towards God Mighty and Majestic became clear; but it is also said that his mother submitted to God the alternative reading here being the singular wālidī ‘my father’; or yet another variant reading being waladī ‘my son’ and forgive believers on the day when the reckoning shall come to pass’ the day it shall be effected. God exalted be He says
وَلَا تَحْسَبَنَّ اللَّهَ غَافِلًا عَمَّا يَعْمَلُ الظَّالِمُونَ ۚ إِنَّمَا يُؤَخِّرُهُمْ لِيَوْمٍ تَشْخَصُ فِيهِ الْأَبْصَارُ
📘 And do not suppose that God is heedless of what the evildoers the disbelievers from among the people of Mecca do. He but gives them respite without chastisement until a day when eyes shall stare wide-open because of the terror of what they see one says shakhasa basaru fulān to mean ‘he opened them his eyes and did not shut them’;
مُهْطِعِينَ مُقْنِعِي رُءُوسِهِمْ لَا يَرْتَدُّ إِلَيْهِمْ طَرْفُهُمْ ۖ وَأَفْئِدَتُهُمْ هَوَاءٌ
📘 as they come hastening muhti‘īna is a circumstantial qualifier with their heads turned upwards to the heaven their gaze their sight returning not to them and their hearts as air devoid of any sense because of their being terror-stricken.
وَأَنْذِرِ النَّاسَ يَوْمَ يَأْتِيهِمُ الْعَذَابُ فَيَقُولُ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا رَبَّنَا أَخِّرْنَا إِلَىٰ أَجَلٍ قَرِيبٍ نُجِبْ دَعْوَتَكَ وَنَتَّبِعِ الرُّسُلَ ۗ أَوَلَمْ تَكُونُوا أَقْسَمْتُمْ مِنْ قَبْلُ مَا لَكُمْ مِنْ زَوَالٍ
📘 And warn make them have fear O Muhammad (s) mankind the disbelievers of the day when chastisement will come upon them namely the Day of Resurrection and those who did evil who disbelieved will say ‘Our Lord give us respite by returning us to the world for a brief while that we might respond to Your call by affirming Your Oneness and follow the messengers’. It is then said to them in rebuke ‘But did you not use to swear formerly in the world that for you there would be no passing away? min zawālin min is extra from this world to the Hereafter?
وَسَكَنْتُمْ فِي مَسَاكِنِ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمْ كَيْفَ فَعَلْنَا بِهِمْ وَضَرَبْنَا لَكُمُ الْأَمْثَالَ
📘 And you dwelt in it in the dwelling-places of those who wronged themselves through unbelief those from among communities of old and it became clear to you how We dealt with them by way of punishment — but you were not restrained thereby — and We struck made clear similitudes for you in the Qur’ān but you did not take heed.
وَقَدْ مَكَرُوا مَكْرَهُمْ وَعِنْدَ اللَّهِ مَكْرُهُمْ وَإِنْ كَانَ مَكْرُهُمْ لِتَزُولَ مِنْهُ الْجِبَالُ
📘 And verily they plotted against the Prophet s their plot — when they desired to kill him or detain him in his house or banish him — but their plotting is with God that is to say knowledge or the requital thereof is with God and their plotting even though it be great was not such whereby mountains should be moved meaning that it is not of any importance but that they are only harming themselves thereby. It is said that the use of ‘mountains’ here is meant to be literal; alternatively it is also said to be a reference to the laws of Islam which are likened to these mountains in the way that they are established and fixed a variant reading has la-tazūlu instead of li-tazūla with in softened from inna ‘verily’ in which case the intended meaning is that the extent of their plotting is great. It is said that ‘plotting’ here is actually a reference to their unbelief. This second reading is consonant with God’s saying Whereby the heavens are almost torn and the earth split asunder and the mountains fall crashing Q. 1990; according to the former reading however one should read it as if it were wa-mā kāna and their plotting was not such ….
فَلَا تَحْسَبَنَّ اللَّهَ مُخْلِفَ وَعْدِهِ رُسُلَهُ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ ذُو انْتِقَامٍ
📘 So do not suppose that God will fail to keep His promise of victory to His messengers. Truly God is Mighty Victor nothing able to escape Him Lord of Retribution against those who disobey Him.
يَوْمَ تُبَدَّلُ الْأَرْضُ غَيْرَ الْأَرْضِ وَالسَّمَاوَاتُ ۖ وَبَرَزُوا لِلَّهِ الْوَاحِدِ الْقَهَّارِ
📘 And mention the day when the earth will be changed to other than the earth and the heavens namely the Day of Resurrection mankind shall be gathered onto a white clear earth as reported in the hadīth of the two Shaykhs al-Bukhārī and Muslim. Muslim relates the following hadīth ‘The Prophet s was asked “Where will people be on that day?” He said “On the Bridge sirāt” ’; and they shall come forth they shall exit from their graves to God the One the Almighty.
وَتَرَى الْمُجْرِمِينَ يَوْمَئِذٍ مُقَرَّنِينَ فِي الْأَصْفَادِ
📘 And you shall see O Muhammad (s) the sinners the disbelievers on that day coupled chained together with their individual devils in chains manacles or collars
وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا مُوسَىٰ بِآيَاتِنَا أَنْ أَخْرِجْ قَوْمَكَ مِنَ الظُّلُمَاتِ إِلَى النُّورِ وَذَكِّرْهُمْ بِأَيَّامِ اللَّهِ ۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ لِكُلِّ صَبَّارٍ شَكُورٍ
📘 And verily We sent Moses with Our signs the nine signs and We said to him ‘Bring forth your people the Children of Israel out of darkness out of unbelief into light into faith and remind them of the Days of God’ of His graces. Surely in that reminder are signs for every man enduring in obedience to God thankful for His graces.
سَرَابِيلُهُمْ مِنْ قَطِرَانٍ وَتَغْشَىٰ وُجُوهَهُمُ النَّارُ
📘 their shirts made of pitch because it ignites fire more intensely and their faces are engulfed by the Fire
لِيَجْزِيَ اللَّهُ كُلَّ نَفْسٍ مَا كَسَبَتْ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَرِيعُ الْحِسَابِ
📘 that God may requite li-yajziya is semantically connected to the verb barazū ‘they shall come forth’ every soul for what it has earned of good and evil. Truly God is swift at reckoning — He shall reckon with all creatures in about half a day of the days of this world as one hadīth states to that effect.
هَٰذَا بَلَاغٌ لِلنَّاسِ وَلِيُنْذَرُوا بِهِ وَلِيَعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا هُوَ إِلَٰهٌ وَاحِدٌ وَلِيَذَّكَّرَ أُولُو الْأَلْبَابِ
📘 This Qur’ān is a Proclamation for mankind in other words it was revealed in order to proclaim to them and so that they may be warned thereby and that they may know by way of the arguments contained in it that He namely God is One God and that people of pith possessors of intellect may remember yadhdhakkara the original tā’ of yatadhakkara has been assimilated with the dhāl that they may be admonished.
وَإِذْ قَالَ مُوسَىٰ لِقَوْمِهِ اذْكُرُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ أَنْجَاكُمْ مِنْ آلِ فِرْعَوْنَ يَسُومُونَكُمْ سُوءَ الْعَذَابِ وَيُذَبِّحُونَ أَبْنَاءَكُمْ وَيَسْتَحْيُونَ نِسَاءَكُمْ ۚ وَفِي ذَٰلِكُمْ بَلَاءٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ عَظِيمٌ
📘 And mention when Moses said to his people ‘Remember God’s grace to you when He delivered you from the folk of Pharaoh who were inflicting upon you a dreadful chastisement and were slaughtering your sons the new-born and sparing keeping alive your women — this was because some of the priests of Egypt had stated that a child born among the Israelites shall be the cause of the destruction of Pharaoh’s kingdom; and in that deliverance — or in that chastisement — was a tremendous trial grace — or a tremendous test — from your Lord.
وَإِذْ تَأَذَّنَ رَبُّكُمْ لَئِنْ شَكَرْتُمْ لَأَزِيدَنَّكُمْ ۖ وَلَئِنْ كَفَرْتُمْ إِنَّ عَذَابِي لَشَدِيدٌ
📘 And when your Lord proclaimed when He made it known that “If you are thankful for My graces through affirmation of My Oneness and obedience to Me then assuredly I shall give you more; but if you are thankless if you deny the truth of the grace through disbelief and disobedience then assuredly I shall chastise you — as is indicated by His following words — My chastisement is indeed severe” ’.
وَقَالَ مُوسَىٰ إِنْ تَكْفُرُوا أَنْتُمْ وَمَنْ فِي الْأَرْضِ جَمِيعًا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَغَنِيٌّ حَمِيدٌ
📘 And Moses said to his people ‘If you are thankless you and all who are on earth lo! assuredly God is Independent without need of His creatures Praised’ praiseworthy in what He does with them.
أَلَمْ يَأْتِكُمْ نَبَأُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ قَوْمِ نُوحٍ وَعَادٍ وَثَمُودَ ۛ وَالَّذِينَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ ۛ لَا يَعْلَمُهُمْ إِلَّا اللَّهُ ۚ جَاءَتْهُمْ رُسُلُهُمْ بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ فَرَدُّوا أَيْدِيَهُمْ فِي أَفْوَاهِهِمْ وَقَالُوا إِنَّا كَفَرْنَا بِمَا أُرْسِلْتُمْ بِهِ وَإِنَّا لَفِي شَكٍّ مِمَّا تَدْعُونَنَا إِلَيْهِ مُرِيبٍ
📘 Has there not come to you an interrogative meant as an affirmative the tidings the news of those who were before you — the people of Noah and ‘Ād — the people of Hūd — and Thamūd — the people of Sālih — and those after them? None knows them save God. This is on account of their multitude. Their messengers brought them clear signs with lucid arguments demonstrating their truthfulness; but they that is the communities thrust their hands into their mouths to bite on them out of extreme spite and said ‘Lo! we disbelieve in that wherewith you have been sent according to what you claim and lo! we are in grave doubt concerning that to which you call us’ doubt creating great uncertainty.
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