🕋 تفسير سورة الإسراء
(Al-Isra) • المصدر: EN-AL-JALALAYN
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ سُبْحَانَ الَّذِي أَسْرَىٰ بِعَبْدِهِ لَيْلًا مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ الْأَقْصَى الَّذِي بَارَكْنَا حَوْلَهُ لِنُرِيَهُ مِنْ آيَاتِنَا ۚ إِنَّهُ هُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْبَصِيرُ
📘 Glory be to Him — an affirmation of God’s transcendence — Who carried His servant Muhammad (s) by night laylan is in the accusative as an adverbial qualification; isrā’ means ‘to travel by night’; what is instructive about this mention of laylan ‘by night’ is that through its being indefinite there is an indication of the brevity of its duration from the Sacred Mosque that is Mecca to the Farthest Mosque the Holy House of Jerusalem so called because of its distance from the former; the environs of which We have blessed with fruits and rivers that We might show him some of Our signs the marvels of Our power. Indeed He is the Hearing the Seeing that is to say the Knower of the Prophet’s s sayings and deeds. Thus He God was gracious to him by way of carrying him on the night journey which comprised his encountering the other prophets his ascension to heaven and the sight of the marvels of the Divine Realm and His communion exalted be He with him. For he the Prophet s said ‘I was brought al-Burāq a white animal larger than a donkey but smaller than a mule; it was able to place its hoof back towards its extremity and so I mounted it. It set off carrying me until I reached the Holy House of Jerusalem. There I fastened the animal to the ring where the prophets fasten their animals. I then went in and prayed two units inside it. As I came out Gabriel came to me with a jug of wine and a jug of milk and so I chose the milk. Gabriel said to me “You have made the right choice by choosing the primordial nature fitra”.’ He the Prophet continued the narration ‘We then ascended to the heaven of this world whereat Gabriel asked to be let in. Someone asked “Who are you?”. He replied “Gabriel” “And who is with you?” “Muhammad (s)” he said. “Has he been sent for?”. “Yes he has been sent for”. Then it was opened for us and lo! Adam stood before me; he greeted me and prayed for well-being for me. We then ascended to the second heaven and Gabriel asked to be let in. Someone asked “Who are you?”. He replied “Gabriel” “And who is with you?” “Muhammad (s)” he said.
وَأَنَّ الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْآخِرَةِ أَعْتَدْنَا لَهُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا
📘 And it this Qur’ān informs that those who do not believe in the Hereafter We have prepared for them a painful chastisement namely the Fire.
قُلْ لَوْ أَنْتُمْ تَمْلِكُونَ خَزَائِنَ رَحْمَةِ رَبِّي إِذًا لَأَمْسَكْتُمْ خَشْيَةَ الْإِنْفَاقِ ۚ وَكَانَ الْإِنْسَانُ قَتُورًا
📘 Say to them ‘If you possessed the treasuries of my Lord’s mercy those treasuries of provision and rain you would surely withhold them you would stint for fear of spending fearing that they would be depleted if one spent from them and that you would then become impoverished; and man is ever niggardly’.
وَلَقَدْ آتَيْنَا مُوسَىٰ تِسْعَ آيَاتٍ بَيِّنَاتٍ ۖ فَاسْأَلْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ إِذْ جَاءَهُمْ فَقَالَ لَهُ فِرْعَوْنُ إِنِّي لَأَظُنُّكَ يَا مُوسَىٰ مَسْحُورًا
📘 And verily We gave Moses nine manifest signs clear signs namely those of the hand the staff the flood the locusts the lice the frogs the blood and the obliteration of their possessions cf. Q. 1088 the years of dearth and scarcity of fruits cf. Q. 7130. Ask O Muhammad (s) the Children of Israel about this a rhetorical question meant as an affirmation for the idolaters of your sincerity; or it means that We said to him Muhammad (s) ‘Ask’; a variant reading has the past tense fa-sā’ala ‘and he asked’ when he came to them Pharaoh said to him ‘O Moses I truly think that you are bewitched’ duped your mind deceived.
قَالَ لَقَدْ عَلِمْتَ مَا أَنْزَلَ هَٰؤُلَاءِ إِلَّا رَبُّ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ بَصَائِرَ وَإِنِّي لَأَظُنُّكَ يَا فِرْعَوْنُ مَثْبُورًا
📘 He Moses said ‘Indeed you know that none revealed these signs except the Lord of the heavens and the earth as proofs lessons; however you are being stubborn a variant reading for ‘alimta ‘you know’ has ‘alimtu ‘I know’; and I truly think that you O Pharaoh are doomed’ that you will be destroyed — or it mathbūran means that Pharaoh has been turned away from all deeds that are good.
فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَسْتَفِزَّهُمْ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ فَأَغْرَقْنَاهُ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ جَمِيعًا
📘 And he Pharaoh desired to scare them to expel Moses and his people from the land the land of Egypt; so We drowned him and those with him all together.
وَقُلْنَا مِنْ بَعْدِهِ لِبَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ اسْكُنُوا الْأَرْضَ فَإِذَا جَاءَ وَعْدُ الْآخِرَةِ جِئْنَا بِكُمْ لَفِيفًا
📘 And after him We said to the Children of Israel ‘Dwell in the land; but when the promise of the Hereafter namely the Hour comes to pass We shall bring you gathered in mixed company’ all together you and them.
وَبِالْحَقِّ أَنْزَلْنَاهُ وَبِالْحَقِّ نَزَلَ ۗ وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ إِلَّا مُبَشِّرًا وَنَذِيرًا
📘 With the truth have We revealed it that is the Qur’ān and with the truth it comprises has it been revealed in the way it has unaffected by any alterations; and We have not sent you O Muhammad (s) except as a bearer of good tidings of Paradise for those who believe and as a warner of the Fire for those who disbelieve.
وَقُرْآنًا فَرَقْنَاهُ لِتَقْرَأَهُ عَلَى النَّاسِ عَلَىٰ مُكْثٍ وَنَزَّلْنَاهُ تَنْزِيلًا
📘 And it is a Qur’ān qur’ānan is in the accusative because of the verb governing it which is the following that We have divided that We have revealed in portions over 20 or 23 years that you may recite it to mankind at intervals gradually and with deliberateness so that they are able to comprehend it and We have revealed it by successive revelation one part after another according to what is best for mankind.
قُلْ آمِنُوا بِهِ أَوْ لَا تُؤْمِنُوا ۚ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْعِلْمَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ إِذَا يُتْلَىٰ عَلَيْهِمْ يَخِرُّونَ لِلْأَذْقَانِ سُجَّدًا
📘 Say to the disbelievers of Mecca ‘Believe in it or do not believe as a threat to them; indeed those who were given knowledge before it before its revelation namely the believers from among the People of the Scripture when it is recited to them fall down in prostration on their faces
وَيَقُولُونَ سُبْحَانَ رَبِّنَا إِنْ كَانَ وَعْدُ رَبِّنَا لَمَفْعُولًا
📘 and say “Glory be to our Lord exalting Him above the claim that His promise of sending a prophet had not been fulfilled. Indeed in softened Our Lord’s promise of its the Qur’ān’s revelation and the sending of the Prophet s is bound to be fulfilled”.
وَيَخِرُّونَ لِلْأَذْقَانِ يَبْكُونَ وَيَزِيدُهُمْ خُشُوعًا ۩
📘 And they fall down on their faces weeping yabkūna is a supplement to yakhirrūna ‘they fall down’ also containing an adjectival qualification of those falling down; and it the Qur’ān increases them in humility’ in humbleness before God.
وَيَدْعُ الْإِنْسَانُ بِالشَّرِّ دُعَاءَهُ بِالْخَيْرِ ۖ وَكَانَ الْإِنْسَانُ عَجُولًا
📘 And man prays for ill against himself and his family when he is frustrated as avidly as he prays for good. And mankind is ever hasty to pray against himself without contemplating the consequence thereof.
قُلِ ادْعُوا اللَّهَ أَوِ ادْعُوا الرَّحْمَٰنَ ۖ أَيًّا مَا تَدْعُوا فَلَهُ الْأَسْمَاءُ الْحُسْنَىٰ ۚ وَلَا تَجْهَرْ بِصَلَاتِكَ وَلَا تُخَافِتْ بِهَا وَابْتَغِ بَيْنَ ذَٰلِكَ سَبِيلًا
📘 The Prophet s would often say ‘O God O Compassionate One’. So they said ‘He Muhammad (s) forbids us to worship more than one god and yet he calls upon another god together with Him God’. The following was then revealed Say to them ‘Invoke God or invoke the Compassionate One that is to say invoke Him by either of these Names or call upon Him by saying ‘O God! O Compassionate One!’ whichever ayyan is conditional; mā is extra in other words whichever of these two Names you invoke is beautiful — this predicate ‘beautiful’ is indicated by the following statement to Him to the One called by these two Names belong the Most Beautiful Names’ these two Names being from among them; and they the other Names are the following as mentioned in hadīth God there is no god except Him the Compassionate the Merciful the King the Holy the Peace the Securer the Controller the Mighty the Compeller the Sublime the Creator the Maker out of nothing the Fashioner the ever Forgiving the Almighty the Bestower the Provider the Deliverer the Knower the Seizer the Extender the Lowerer the Raiser the Glorifier the Abaser the Hearer the Seer the Arbiter the Just the Subtle the Aware the Forbearing the Tremendous the Forgiver the Thankful the High the Great the Preserver the Conserver the Reckoner the Majestic the Generous the Watcher the Responsive the Embracing the Wise the Loving the Glorious the Resurrector the Witnessing the Truth the Guardian the Strong the Firm the Patron the Praiseworthy the Numberer the Initiator the Restorer the Life-giver the Death-maker the Living the Eternal Sustainer the Originator the Magnificent the One the Single the Everlasting Refuge the Powerful the Omnipotent the Advancer the Deferrer the First the Last the Outward the Inward the Ruler Exalted the Benign the Relenting the Avenger the Pardoning the Gentle Master of the Kingdom One of Majesty and Munificence the Equitable the Gatherer the Independent the Availing the Restrainer the Harming the Benefactor the Light the Guiding the Innovator the Enduring the Inheritor the Reasonable the Patient as reported by al-Tirmidhī. God exalted be He says And do not be loud in your prayer when you recite the Qur’ān therein lest the idolaters hear you and curse you as well as the Qur’ān and the One Who has revealed it; nor be silent do not murmur therein so that your companions might be able to hear it and benefit therefrom; but seek between that loudness and silence a middle way.
وَقُلِ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي لَمْ يَتَّخِذْ وَلَدًا وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ شَرِيكٌ فِي الْمُلْكِ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وَلِيٌّ مِنَ الذُّلِّ ۖ وَكَبِّرْهُ تَكْبِيرًا
📘 And say ‘Praise be to God Who has neither taken a son nor has He any partner in sovereignty in divineness nor has He taken any ally to assist Him out of because of any weakness’ that is to say He would never become weak and thus need an assistant. And magnify Him with magnifications worthy of Him extol Him with a perfect extolling above that He should have taken a son or a partner and above any weakness and above all that does not befit Him. The arrangement whereby ‘praise’ is invoked together with this statement is meant to indicate that He is the One worthy of all praise because of the perfection of His Essence and the fact that He alones possesses those attributes of His. Imam Ahmad b. Hanbal relates in his Musnad by way of a report from Mu‘ādh al-Juhanī who heard it from the Messenger of God s who used to say ‘The “glory” verse in the Qur’ān is Praise be to God Who has neither taken a son nor has He any partner in sovereignty … to the end of the above-mentioned sūra 17111’ and God exalted be He knows best. The author of this commentary says ‘This last commentary constitutes the end of my complement to the commentary on the Noble Qur’ān composed by the inquisitive scholar the shaykh Imam Jalāl al-Dīn al-Mahallī al-Shāfi‘ī may God be pleased with him. I have expended every effort in it and reflected throughout it exhaustively especially in those precious things that I have deemed God willing to be profitable. I composed it this commentary in the same length of time appointed for the one spoken to by God sc. Moses and I have made it a means to attaining the Gardens of Bliss. It this commentary actually draws on the work which it complements relying and depending on it for an understanding of those allegorical verses. May God have mercy on one who examines it with impartiality chances upon an error and informs me of it. As I have said “I praise God my Lord for He guided me in what I have expressed despite my incapacity and weakness; for who other than God is there to avert me from error and who is there to accept from me even a single letter”.
وَجَعَلْنَا اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ آيَتَيْنِ ۖ فَمَحَوْنَا آيَةَ اللَّيْلِ وَجَعَلْنَا آيَةَ النَّهَارِ مُبْصِرَةً لِتَبْتَغُوا فَضْلًا مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ وَلِتَعْلَمُوا عَدَدَ السِّنِينَ وَالْحِسَابَ ۚ وَكُلَّ شَيْءٍ فَصَّلْنَاهُ تَفْصِيلًا
📘 And We made the night and the day two signs both indicators of Our power. Then We effaced the sign of the night extinguishing its light with darkness so that you might repose therein the annexation āyata’layli ‘the sign of the night’ is explicative and made the sign of the day sight-giving in other words one in which it is possible to see because of the light; that you may seek therein bounty from your Lord by earning your livelihood and that you may know by both day and night the number of years and the reckoning of the times of the day and everything that might be needed We have detailed very distinctly We have explained clearly.
وَكُلَّ إِنْسَانٍ أَلْزَمْنَاهُ طَائِرَهُ فِي عُنُقِهِ ۖ وَنُخْرِجُ لَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ كِتَابًا يَلْقَاهُ مَنْشُورًا
📘 And We have attached every person’s omen — his deeds — for him to carry upon his neck — this site is singled out for mention because fastening something to it is much more severe; Mujāhid b. Jabr al-Makkī said ‘There is not a child born but it has a leaf around its neck in which it is decreed that the child will be either fortunate or damned’ — and We shall bring forth for him on the Day of Resurrection a book in which his deeds are recorded and which he will find wide open yalqāhu manshūran both are adjectival qualifications of kitāban ‘a book’.
اقْرَأْ كِتَابَكَ كَفَىٰ بِنَفْسِكَ الْيَوْمَ عَلَيْكَ حَسِيبًا
📘 And it will be said to him ‘Read your book! This day your soul suffices as your own reckoner’.
مَنِ اهْتَدَىٰ فَإِنَّمَا يَهْتَدِي لِنَفْسِهِ ۖ وَمَنْ ضَلَّ فَإِنَّمَا يَضِلُّ عَلَيْهَا ۚ وَلَا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَىٰ ۗ وَمَا كُنَّا مُعَذِّبِينَ حَتَّىٰ نَبْعَثَ رَسُولًا
📘 Whoever is guided is guided only to the good of his own soul because the reward of his guidance will be for him; and whoever goes astray goes astray only to its his soul’s detriment because the sin thereof will be held against it. No burdened no sinful soul shall bear the burden of another soul. And We never chastise anyone until We have sent a messenger to make clear to him that which is his obligation.
وَإِذَا أَرَدْنَا أَنْ نُهْلِكَ قَرْيَةً أَمَرْنَا مُتْرَفِيهَا فَفَسَقُوا فِيهَا فَحَقَّ عَلَيْهَا الْقَوْلُ فَدَمَّرْنَاهَا تَدْمِيرًا
📘 And when We desire to destroy a town We command its affluent ones those inhabitants of its who enjoy the graces of God meaning its leaders We command them to obedience by the tongue of Our messengers; but they fall into immorality therein rebelling against Our command and so the Word is justified concerning it that it should be chastised and We destroy it utterly We annihilate it by annihilating its inhabitants and leaving it in ruins.
وَكَمْ أَهْلَكْنَا مِنَ الْقُرُونِ مِنْ بَعْدِ نُوحٍ ۗ وَكَفَىٰ بِرَبِّكَ بِذُنُوبِ عِبَادِهِ خَبِيرًا بَصِيرًا
📘 How many — in other words many — generations communities We have destroyed since Noah! And your Lord suffices as One Informed and Beholder of the sins of His servants Knower of the hidden and manifest aspects of these sins bi-rabbika ‘your Lord’ is semantically connected to bi-dhunūb ‘of the sins’.
مَنْ كَانَ يُرِيدُ الْعَاجِلَةَ عَجَّلْنَا لَهُ فِيهَا مَا نَشَاءُ لِمَنْ نُرِيدُ ثُمَّ جَعَلْنَا لَهُ جَهَنَّمَ يَصْلَاهَا مَذْمُومًا مَدْحُورًا
📘 Whoever desires through his deeds the hasty world that is the life of this world We hasten for him therein whatever We will for whom We please such a hastening li-man nurīd ‘for whom We please’ is a substitute for lahu ‘for him’ with the repetition of the genitive particle li-. Then We appoint for him in the Hereafter Hell to which he will be exposed to which he will be admitted condemned blameful and rejected banished from God’s mercy.
وَمَنْ أَرَادَ الْآخِرَةَ وَسَعَىٰ لَهَا سَعْيَهَا وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ فَأُولَٰئِكَ كَانَ سَعْيُهُمْ مَشْكُورًا
📘 And whoever desires the Hereafter and strives for it with the necessary effort that is he performs the deeds worthy of it being a believer wa-huwa mu’minun is a circumstantial qualifier — for such their effort will find favour with God that is their effort will be accepted and rewarded.
وَآتَيْنَا مُوسَى الْكِتَابَ وَجَعَلْنَاهُ هُدًى لِبَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ أَلَّا تَتَّخِذُوا مِنْ دُونِي وَكِيلًا
📘 God exalted be He says And We gave Moses the Scripture the Torah and made it a guidance for the Children of Israel saying that they should not choose beside Me any guardian to whom they delegate their affairs a variant reading for yattakhidhū ‘they should not choose’ is tattakhidhū ‘you should not choose’ thus turning away from the third person address in which case the particle an ‘that’ is extra and the ‘saying’ is implicit.
كُلًّا نُمِدُّ هَٰؤُلَاءِ وَهَٰؤُلَاءِ مِنْ عَطَاءِ رَبِّكَ ۚ وَمَا كَانَ عَطَاءُ رَبِّكَ مَحْظُورًا
📘 Each of the two parties We supply We give to these and to those hā’ūlā’ wa-hā’ūlā’ is a substitute for kullan ‘each’ from min is semantically connected to numiddu ‘We supply’ from your Lord’s bounty in this world. And your Lord’s bounty therein is not confined it is not forbidden to anyone.
انْظُرْ كَيْفَ فَضَّلْنَا بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ ۚ وَلَلْآخِرَةُ أَكْبَرُ دَرَجَاتٍ وَأَكْبَرُ تَفْضِيلًا
📘 See how We have given preference to some of them over others in provision and renown. And truly the Hereafter is greater grander in degrees and greater in preferment to this world and so one ought to devote one’s attention to it the Hereafter to the exclusion of the other.
لَا تَجْعَلْ مَعَ اللَّهِ إِلَٰهًا آخَرَ فَتَقْعُدَ مَذْمُومًا مَخْذُولًا
📘 Do not set up another god besides God or you will sit blameworthy forsaken with no one to assist you.
۞ وَقَضَىٰ رَبُّكَ أَلَّا تَعْبُدُوا إِلَّا إِيَّاهُ وَبِالْوَالِدَيْنِ إِحْسَانًا ۚ إِمَّا يَبْلُغَنَّ عِنْدَكَ الْكِبَرَ أَحَدُهُمَا أَوْ كِلَاهُمَا فَلَا تَقُلْ لَهُمَا أُفٍّ وَلَا تَنْهَرْهُمَا وَقُلْ لَهُمَا قَوْلًا كَرِيمًا
📘 And your Lord has decreed He has commanded that you worship none save Him and that you show kindness to parents by being dutiful to them. If they should reach old age with you one of them ahaduhumā is the subject of the verb or both a variant reading for yablughanna has yablughān ‘both should reach’ in which case ahaduhumā would be substituting for the dual indicator alif of yablughān then do not say to them ‘Fie’ read uffan or uffin uffa or uffi a verbal noun meaning tabban ‘perish!’ or qubhan ‘evil!’ nor repulse them but speak to them gracious words fair and gentle words.
وَاخْفِضْ لَهُمَا جَنَاحَ الذُّلِّ مِنَ الرَّحْمَةِ وَقُلْ رَبِّ ارْحَمْهُمَا كَمَا رَبَّيَانِي صَغِيرًا
📘 And lower to them the wing of humility show them your submissive side out of mercy that is on account of your affection for them and say ‘My Lord have mercy on them just as they had mercy on me when they reared me when I was little’.
رَبُّكُمْ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا فِي نُفُوسِكُمْ ۚ إِنْ تَكُونُوا صَالِحِينَ فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ لِلْأَوَّابِينَ غَفُورًا
📘 Your Lord knows best what is in your hearts in the way of what may be concealed of dutifulness or disobedience to parents. If you are righteous obedient to God then truly to those who are penitent those who return to obedience of Him He is Forgiving of any slip that might have issued on their part regarding their duty to the parents so long as they do not conceal within themselves any disrespect towards them.
وَآتِ ذَا الْقُرْبَىٰ حَقَّهُ وَالْمِسْكِينَ وَابْنَ السَّبِيلِ وَلَا تُبَذِّرْ تَبْذِيرًا
📘 And give the kinsman his due of dutifulness and kindness and the needy and the traveller as well; and do not squander by expending for any purpose other than in obedience to God.
إِنَّ الْمُبَذِّرِينَ كَانُوا إِخْوَانَ الشَّيَاطِينِ ۖ وَكَانَ الشَّيْطَانُ لِرَبِّهِ كَفُورًا
📘 Indeed squanderers are brothers of devils that is they follow their way and the Devil was ever ungrateful to his Lord extremely rejective of His graces likewise his brother the squanderer.
وَإِمَّا تُعْرِضَنَّ عَنْهُمُ ابْتِغَاءَ رَحْمَةٍ مِنْ رَبِّكَ تَرْجُوهَا فَقُلْ لَهُمْ قَوْلًا مَيْسُورًا
📘 But if you have to overlook them that is the kinsmen and the others mentioned and do not give to them seeking mercy from your Lord a mercy which you expect in the future that is you do not give to them because of a request for provision which you are waiting to come to you from your Lord before you give to them then speak to them gentle words pleasant and reasonable words promising them that you will give to them when the provision from God arrives.
وَلَا تَجْعَلْ يَدَكَ مَغْلُولَةً إِلَىٰ عُنُقِكَ وَلَا تَبْسُطْهَا كُلَّ الْبَسْطِ فَتَقْعُدَ مَلُومًا مَحْسُورًا
📘 And do not keep your hand chained to your neck in other words do not withhold it completely from expending nor open it in order to expend completely or you will sit blameworthy — this refers to the first case — and denuded cut off having nothing — this refers to the latter case.
ذُرِّيَّةَ مَنْ حَمَلْنَا مَعَ نُوحٍ ۚ إِنَّهُ كَانَ عَبْدًا شَكُورًا
📘 descendants of those whom We carried with Noah in the Ark. Indeed he was a grateful servant giving thanks to Us frequently and offering praise in whichever state he found himself.
إِنَّ رَبَّكَ يَبْسُطُ الرِّزْقَ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيَقْدِرُ ۚ إِنَّهُ كَانَ بِعِبَادِهِ خَبِيرًا بَصِيرًا
📘 Truly your Lord expands provision He makes it abundant for whomever He will and He straitens He restricts it for whomever He will. Indeed He is ever Aware and Seer of His servants Knower of what they hide and what they manifest giving them provision in accordance with their welfare.
وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا أَوْلَادَكُمْ خَشْيَةَ إِمْلَاقٍ ۖ نَحْنُ نَرْزُقُهُمْ وَإِيَّاكُمْ ۚ إِنَّ قَتْلَهُمْ كَانَ خِطْئًا كَبِيرًا
📘 And do not slay your children by burying them alive fearing penury poverty. We shall provide for them and for you. Slaying them is truly a great sin.
وَلَا تَقْرَبُوا الزِّنَا ۖ إِنَّهُ كَانَ فَاحِشَةً وَسَاءَ سَبِيلًا
📘 And do not come anywhere near fornication — this form of expressing it is more effective than saying ‘Do not commit it’. It is indeed an indecency an abomination and it is an evil way.
وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا النَّفْسَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ ۗ وَمَنْ قُتِلَ مَظْلُومًا فَقَدْ جَعَلْنَا لِوَلِيِّهِ سُلْطَانًا فَلَا يُسْرِفْ فِي الْقَتْلِ ۖ إِنَّهُ كَانَ مَنْصُورًا
📘 And do not slay the soul whose life God has made inviolable except with due cause. Whoever is slain wrongfully We have certainly given his heir the one inheriting from him a warrant a sanction to retaliate against the slayer; but let him not commit excess let him not overstep the bounds in slaying by slaying other than the killer of the one slain or by other than that instrument with which he the slain was killed; for he is supported by the Law.
وَلَا تَقْرَبُوا مَالَ الْيَتِيمِ إِلَّا بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ حَتَّىٰ يَبْلُغَ أَشُدَّهُ ۚ وَأَوْفُوا بِالْعَهْدِ ۖ إِنَّ الْعَهْدَ كَانَ مَسْئُولًا
📘 And do not come anywhere near an orphan’s property except in the fairest manner until he comes of age. And fulfil the covenant should you make a covenant with God or with people in general. Indeed the covenant will be enquired into.
وَأَوْفُوا الْكَيْلَ إِذَا كِلْتُمْ وَزِنُوا بِالْقِسْطَاسِ الْمُسْتَقِيمِ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ خَيْرٌ وَأَحْسَنُ تَأْوِيلًا
📘 And give full measure complete it when you measure and weigh with a right balance with an even balance that is better and fairer in return.
وَلَا تَقْفُ مَا لَيْسَ لَكَ بِهِ عِلْمٌ ۚ إِنَّ السَّمْعَ وَالْبَصَرَ وَالْفُؤَادَ كُلُّ أُولَٰئِكَ كَانَ عَنْهُ مَسْئُولًا
📘 And do not pursue that of which you have no knowledge. Indeed the hearing and the sight and the heart — of each of these it will be asked of that person what he did with them.
وَلَا تَمْشِ فِي الْأَرْضِ مَرَحًا ۖ إِنَّكَ لَنْ تَخْرِقَ الْأَرْضَ وَلَنْ تَبْلُغَ الْجِبَالَ طُولًا
📘 And do not walk in the earth exultantly that is exultant with pride and conceit. Indeed you will not rend the earth you will not pierce it and reach its depths with your pride nor attain the mountains in height the meaning is that you shall never attain such ends so how can you be so arrogant?
كُلُّ ذَٰلِكَ كَانَ سَيِّئُهُ عِنْدَ رَبِّكَ مَكْرُوهًا
📘 All of that which has been mentioned — the evil of it is hateful in the sight of your Lord.
ذَٰلِكَ مِمَّا أَوْحَىٰ إِلَيْكَ رَبُّكَ مِنَ الْحِكْمَةِ ۗ وَلَا تَجْعَلْ مَعَ اللَّهِ إِلَٰهًا آخَرَ فَتُلْقَىٰ فِي جَهَنَّمَ مَلُومًا مَدْحُورًا
📘 This is part of the wisdom the admonition which your Lord has revealed to you O Muhammad (s). And do not set up with God any other god or you will be cast into Hell blameworthy abandoned banished from God’s mercy.
وَقَضَيْنَا إِلَىٰ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ فِي الْكِتَابِ لَتُفْسِدُنَّ فِي الْأَرْضِ مَرَّتَيْنِ وَلَتَعْلُنَّ عُلُوًّا كَبِيرًا
📘 And We decreed We revealed to the Children of Israel in the Scripture the Torah ‘You shall indeed work corruption in the land the land of Syria through acts of disobedience twice and you shall indeed become great tyrants’ you shall perpetrate grave injustice.
أَفَأَصْفَاكُمْ رَبُّكُمْ بِالْبَنِينَ وَاتَّخَذَ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ إِنَاثًا ۚ إِنَّكُمْ لَتَقُولُونَ قَوْلًا عَظِيمًا
📘 Has your Lord then preferred you has He distinguished you exclusively O Meccans with sons and chosen for Himself females from among the angels? as daughters for Himself in the way that you are wont to claim. Truly by saying this you are speaking a monstrous word!
وَلَقَدْ صَرَّفْنَا فِي هَٰذَا الْقُرْآنِ لِيَذَّكَّرُوا وَمَا يَزِيدُهُمْ إِلَّا نُفُورًا
📘 And verily We have dispensed We have elucidated in this Qur’ān similitudes promises of reward and threats of retribution so that they may remember that they may be admonished but it that elucidation only increases them in aversion to the Truth.
قُلْ لَوْ كَانَ مَعَهُ آلِهَةٌ كَمَا يَقُولُونَ إِذًا لَابْتَغَوْا إِلَىٰ ذِي الْعَرْشِ سَبِيلًا
📘 Say to them ‘If there were with Him that is with God other gods as they say they would in that case have sought against the Lord of the Throne that is against God some path some way in order to fight Him off.
سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَىٰ عَمَّا يَقُولُونَ عُلُوًّا كَبِيرًا
📘 Glory be to Him — an affirmation of His transcendence — and exalted be He above what they say in the way of His having associates greatly!
تُسَبِّحُ لَهُ السَّمَاوَاتُ السَّبْعُ وَالْأَرْضُ وَمَنْ فِيهِنَّ ۚ وَإِنْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ إِلَّا يُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدِهِ وَلَٰكِنْ لَا تَفْقَهُونَ تَسْبِيحَهُمْ ۗ إِنَّهُ كَانَ حَلِيمًا غَفُورًا
📘 The seven heavens and the earth and all that is therein proclaim His praise they affirm His transcendence. And there is not a thing among things created but proclaims enwrapped in His praise in other words everything says subhāna’Llāh wa-bi-hamdihi ‘Glory and praise be to God’; but you do not understand their glorification because it is not proclaimed in your language. Lo! He is Forbearing Forgiving for He does not hasten to bring about your punishment.
وَإِذَا قَرَأْتَ الْقُرْآنَ جَعَلْنَا بَيْنَكَ وَبَيْنَ الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْآخِرَةِ حِجَابًا مَسْتُورًا
📘 And when you recite the Qur’ān We place between you and those who do not believe in the Hereafter a hidden barrier that is one that hides you from them so that they cannot see you — this was revealed regarding those who wanted to assassinate him s the Prophet.
وَجَعَلْنَا عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِمْ أَكِنَّةً أَنْ يَفْقَهُوهُ وَفِي آذَانِهِمْ وَقْرًا ۚ وَإِذَا ذَكَرْتَ رَبَّكَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ وَحْدَهُ وَلَّوْا عَلَىٰ أَدْبَارِهِمْ نُفُورًا
📘 And We place upon their hearts veils covers lest they should understand it lest they should understand the Qur’ān in other words and so in this way they do not understand it and in their ears a deafness a heaviness thus they cannot hear it. And when you mention your Lord alone in the Qur’ān they turn their backs in aversion to it.
نَحْنُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا يَسْتَمِعُونَ بِهِ إِذْ يَسْتَمِعُونَ إِلَيْكَ وَإِذْ هُمْ نَجْوَىٰ إِذْ يَقُولُ الظَّالِمُونَ إِنْ تَتَّبِعُونَ إِلَّا رَجُلًا مَسْحُورًا
📘 We know best what they listen to the reason for which they listen to it in order to mock it when they listen to you to your recital and when they are in secret counsel holding secret talks among themselves in other words when they talk when idh substitutes for the preceding idh ‘when’ the evildoers say in their secret conversation ‘You are only following a man bewitched one duped his mind overcome’.
انْظُرْ كَيْفَ ضَرَبُوا لَكَ الْأَمْثَالَ فَضَلُّوا فَلَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ سَبِيلًا
📘 God exalted be He says Look how they strike similitudes for you such as your being bewitched a soothsayer or a poet and they go astray thereby from the path of guidance and cannot find a way a path to it!
وَقَالُوا أَإِذَا كُنَّا عِظَامًا وَرُفَاتًا أَإِنَّا لَمَبْعُوثُونَ خَلْقًا جَدِيدًا
📘 And they say in denial of the Resurrection ‘What when we are bones and fragments shall we really be raised up in a new creation?’
فَإِذَا جَاءَ وَعْدُ أُولَاهُمَا بَعَثْنَا عَلَيْكُمْ عِبَادًا لَنَا أُولِي بَأْسٍ شَدِيدٍ فَجَاسُوا خِلَالَ الدِّيَارِ ۚ وَكَانَ وَعْدًا مَفْعُولًا
📘 So when the time for the first of the two prophecies the first of the two occasions for corruption came We roused against you servants of Ours of great might men who are strong in war and assault who ransacked who came and went seeking you out through your habitations in the very midst of your homes in order to slay you and take others among you captive and it was a promise fulfilled. Their first act of corruption was their slaying of the prophet Zachariah. So Goliath and his army were roused against them and they slew them and took their children captive and destroyed the Holy House of Jerusalem.
۞ قُلْ كُونُوا حِجَارَةً أَوْ حَدِيدًا
📘 Say to them ‘Be stones or iron
أَوْ خَلْقًا مِمَّا يَكْبُرُ فِي صُدُورِكُمْ ۚ فَسَيَقُولُونَ مَنْ يُعِيدُنَا ۖ قُلِ الَّذِي فَطَرَكُمْ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ ۚ فَسَيُنْغِضُونَ إِلَيْكَ رُءُوسَهُمْ وَيَقُولُونَ مَتَىٰ هُوَ ۖ قُلْ عَسَىٰ أَنْ يَكُونَ قَرِيبًا
📘 or some creation yet greater in your breasts something yet far less able to accept life aside from bones and fragments a spirit will undoubtedly be made to exist in you to bring you back to life. They will then say ‘Who shall bring us back?’ to life. Say ‘He Who originated you created you the first time when you had not been anything in existence because the One Who is able to initiate creation is also able to repeat it indeed this repetition is easier than the initiation. Then they will shake their heads at you stupefied and they will say mockingly ‘When will it be?’ that is the Resurrection. Say ‘Maybe it is near!’
يَوْمَ يَدْعُوكُمْ فَتَسْتَجِيبُونَ بِحَمْدِهِ وَتَظُنُّونَ إِنْ لَبِثْتُمْ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا
📘 The day He calls you the day He calls out to you from your graves by the tongue of the archangel Isrāfīl you will respond you will answer His call from your graves with His praise by His command — it is also said to mean that you will respond ‘and praise be to Him’ — and you will think that you have remained in this world only a little because of the terror of what you will see on that day.
وَقُلْ لِعِبَادِي يَقُولُوا الَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ ۚ إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ يَنْزَغُ بَيْنَهُمْ ۚ إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ كَانَ لِلْإِنْسَانِ عَدُوًّا مُبِينًا
📘 And tell My servants the believers to speak to disbelievers that word which is finer. For Satan indeed incites ill feeling he makes trouble between them and Satan is indeed man’s manifest enemy his enmity is evident. The ‘finer word’ is to say this
رَبُّكُمْ أَعْلَمُ بِكُمْ ۖ إِنْ يَشَأْ يَرْحَمْكُمْ أَوْ إِنْ يَشَأْ يُعَذِّبْكُمْ ۚ وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَكِيلًا
📘 Your Lord knows you best. If He will He will have mercy on you by way of granting you repentance and faith or if He will for you to be chastised He will chastise you by having you die in disbelief. And We did not send you to be a guardian over them and so compel them to embrace faith — this was revealed before the command to fight them.
وَرَبُّكَ أَعْلَمُ بِمَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۗ وَلَقَدْ فَضَّلْنَا بَعْضَ النَّبِيِّينَ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ ۖ وَآتَيْنَا دَاوُودَ زَبُورًا
📘 And your Lord knows best all who are in the heavens and the earth thus endowing them each one with what He will according to the measure of their states. And verily We have preferred some of the prophets above others endowing each of them with a particular merit Moses with being spoken to; Abraham with Friendship; and Muhammad (s) with the Night Journey; and We gave David the Psalms.
قُلِ ادْعُوا الَّذِينَ زَعَمْتُمْ مِنْ دُونِهِ فَلَا يَمْلِكُونَ كَشْفَ الضُّرِّ عَنْكُمْ وَلَا تَحْوِيلًا
📘 Say to them ‘Call on those whom you assumed to be gods besides Him such as the angels Jesus and Ezra ‘Uzayr; yet they have no power to rid you of misfortune nor to transfer it to persons other than you.
أُولَٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ يَبْتَغُونَ إِلَىٰ رَبِّهِمُ الْوَسِيلَةَ أَيُّهُمْ أَقْرَبُ وَيَرْجُونَ رَحْمَتَهُ وَيَخَافُونَ عَذَابَهُ ۚ إِنَّ عَذَابَ رَبِّكَ كَانَ مَحْذُورًا
📘 Those whom they call gods they themselves seek a means to their Lord they seek nearness by way of obedience which of them ayyuhum substitutes for the third person indicator wāw of the verb yabtaghūna ‘they seek’ in other words even he seeks it this nearness the one who is nearer to Him so how much more is it sought in the case of others?; and they hope for His mercy and fear His chastisement just like others so how can you call them gods? Truly your Lord’s chastisement is a thing to beware of.
وَإِنْ مِنْ قَرْيَةٍ إِلَّا نَحْنُ مُهْلِكُوهَا قَبْلَ يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ أَوْ مُعَذِّبُوهَا عَذَابًا شَدِيدًا ۚ كَانَ ذَٰلِكَ فِي الْكِتَابِ مَسْطُورًا
📘 There is not a town — its inhabitants are the ones meant — but We shall destroy it before the Day of Resurrection through death or chastise it with terrible chastisement by killing its inhabitants or otherwise. That has been inscribed in the Book the Preserved Tablet al-lawh al-mahfūz.
وَمَا مَنَعَنَا أَنْ نُرْسِلَ بِالْآيَاتِ إِلَّا أَنْ كَذَّبَ بِهَا الْأَوَّلُونَ ۚ وَآتَيْنَا ثَمُودَ النَّاقَةَ مُبْصِرَةً فَظَلَمُوا بِهَا ۚ وَمَا نُرْسِلُ بِالْآيَاتِ إِلَّا تَخْوِيفًا
📘 Nothing prevented Us from sending the signs requested by the people of Mecca except that the ancients denied them when We sent such signs and so We destroyed them if We were to send them to these people of Mecca they would deny them and would thus deserve destruction. However We have judged that they be given respite so that the mission of Muhammad (s) be completed. And We gave Thamūd the she-camel as a sign that was apparent one that was clear and evident but they wronged they disbelieved it and were therefore destroyed. And We do not send signs miracles except for deterrence to servants so that they might believe.
ثُمَّ رَدَدْنَا لَكُمُ الْكَرَّةَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَأَمْدَدْنَاكُمْ بِأَمْوَالٍ وَبَنِينَ وَجَعَلْنَاكُمْ أَكْثَرَ نَفِيرًا
📘 Then We gave you back the turn the rule of the state and victory to prevail over them one hundred years later by having Goliath slain and We aided you with children and wealth and made you greater in number in clan.
وَإِذْ قُلْنَا لَكَ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ أَحَاطَ بِالنَّاسِ ۚ وَمَا جَعَلْنَا الرُّؤْيَا الَّتِي أَرَيْنَاكَ إِلَّا فِتْنَةً لِلنَّاسِ وَالشَّجَرَةَ الْمَلْعُونَةَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ ۚ وَنُخَوِّفُهُمْ فَمَا يَزِيدُهُمْ إِلَّا طُغْيَانًا كَبِيرًا
📘 And remember when We said to you ‘Truly your Lord encompasses mankind’ in knowledge and power over them such that they are within His grasp so deliver the Message to them and do not fear anyone because God will protect you from them. And We did not appoint the vision that We showed you before your very eyes during the Night Journey except as a test for people for the people of Mecca — since they denied it and some of them even apostatised when he the Prophet informed them of it — and likewise the tree cursed in the Qur’ān namely the tree called Zaqqūm Q.3762ff that issues from the very root of the Blazing Fire of Hell; We made it a test for them because they said ‘Fire consumes trees so how can it cause it the Zaqqūm tree to issue forth?’. And We seek to deter them with it but it Our deterrence only increases them in gross insolence.
وَإِذْ قُلْنَا لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ اسْجُدُوا لِآدَمَ فَسَجَدُوا إِلَّا إِبْلِيسَ قَالَ أَأَسْجُدُ لِمَنْ خَلَقْتَ طِينًا
📘 And mention when We said to the angels ‘Prostrate yourselves before Adam’ a prostration of salutation by inclining oneself and so they all prostrated themselves except Iblīs he said ‘Shall I prostrate myself before one whom You have created from clay?’ tīnan is in the accusative because the operator of the oblique min ‘of’ has been omitted in other words it would normally be min tīnin.
قَالَ أَرَأَيْتَكَ هَٰذَا الَّذِي كَرَّمْتَ عَلَيَّ لَئِنْ أَخَّرْتَنِ إِلَىٰ يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ لَأَحْتَنِكَنَّ ذُرِّيَّتَهُ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا
📘 Said he ‘Do You see — in other words inform me this one whom You have honoured whom You have preferred above me? by commanding that prostration should be made before him when ‘I am better than him. You created me from fire while him You created from clay’ Q. 712. If la-in the lām is for oaths You defer me to the Day of Resurrection I shall verily eradicate his seed by leading them astray all save a few’ of them of those whom You have given divine protection.
قَالَ اذْهَبْ فَمَنْ تَبِعَكَ مِنْهُمْ فَإِنَّ جَهَنَّمَ جَزَاؤُكُمْ جَزَاءً مَوْفُورًا
📘 Said He exalted be He to him Iblīs ‘Begone deferred to the time of the First Blast of the Trumpet. Whoever of them follows you — indeed Hell shall be your requital both yours and theirs a requital that is indeed ample sufficient and complete.
وَاسْتَفْزِزْ مَنِ اسْتَطَعْتَ مِنْهُمْ بِصَوْتِكَ وَأَجْلِبْ عَلَيْهِمْ بِخَيْلِكَ وَرَجِلِكَ وَشَارِكْهُمْ فِي الْأَمْوَالِ وَالْأَوْلَادِ وَعِدْهُمْ ۚ وَمَا يَعِدُهُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ إِلَّا غُرُورًا
📘 And tempt dupe whomever of them you can with your voice by your calling them with songs and pipes and with every invitation to acts of disobedience; and rally incite against them your cavalry and your infantry namely those who ride and walk in acts of disobedience and share with them in wealth that is illicit such as usury and extortion and children from acts of adultery and make promises to them’ to the effect that there will not be any resurrection or requital. And Satan promises them thereby nothing but delusion falsehood.
إِنَّ عِبَادِي لَيْسَ لَكَ عَلَيْهِمْ سُلْطَانٌ ۚ وَكَفَىٰ بِرَبِّكَ وَكِيلًا
📘 ‘Truly as for My servants the believers you shall have no warrant’ no sway or ability. And Your Lord suffices as a guardian as a protector for them against you.
رَبُّكُمُ الَّذِي يُزْجِي لَكُمُ الْفُلْكَ فِي الْبَحْرِ لِتَبْتَغُوا مِنْ فَضْلِهِ ۚ إِنَّهُ كَانَ بِكُمْ رَحِيمًا
📘 Your Lord is He Who drives for you the ships upon the sea that you may seek of His bounty exalted be He through engaging in commerce. Truly He is ever Merciful towards you by disposing these ships for you.
وَإِذَا مَسَّكُمُ الضُّرُّ فِي الْبَحْرِ ضَلَّ مَنْ تَدْعُونَ إِلَّا إِيَّاهُ ۖ فَلَمَّا نَجَّاكُمْ إِلَى الْبَرِّ أَعْرَضْتُمْ ۚ وَكَانَ الْإِنْسَانُ كَفُورًا
📘 And when distress difficulty befalls you at sea such as fear of drowning those whom you are wont to invoke are no longer present those whom you are wont to worship of gods are no longer present and so you do not call on them — except Him exalted be He for on Him alone you do call because you are suffering a distress which only He can remove. But when He delivers you from drowning and brings you to land you are rejective of God’s Oneness for man is ever ungrateful ever denying God’s graces.
أَفَأَمِنْتُمْ أَنْ يَخْسِفَ بِكُمْ جَانِبَ الْبَرِّ أَوْ يُرْسِلَ عَلَيْكُمْ حَاصِبًا ثُمَّ لَا تَجِدُوا لَكُمْ وَكِيلًا
📘 Do you feel secure that He will not cause a side of the earth in other words the land to swallow you up as He did with Korah Qārūn or unleash upon you a squall of pebbles? that is hurl a shower of stones upon you as He did with the people of Lot. Then you will not find for yourselves any guardian any protector from Him.
أَمْ أَمِنْتُمْ أَنْ يُعِيدَكُمْ فِيهِ تَارَةً أُخْرَىٰ فَيُرْسِلَ عَلَيْكُمْ قَاصِفًا مِنَ الرِّيحِ فَيُغْرِقَكُمْ بِمَا كَفَرْتُمْ ۙ ثُمَّ لَا تَجِدُوا لَكُمْ عَلَيْنَا بِهِ تَبِيعًا
📘 Or do you feel secure that He will not return you to it that is to the sea a second time and unleash upon you a shattering gale that is a violent wind that shatters everything in its path to destroy your ship and drown you for your ungratefulness? And then you will not find for yourselves any redresser of this against Us any helper or advocate to demand restitution from Us for what We will have done to you.
إِنْ أَحْسَنْتُمْ أَحْسَنْتُمْ لِأَنْفُسِكُمْ ۖ وَإِنْ أَسَأْتُمْ فَلَهَا ۚ فَإِذَا جَاءَ وَعْدُ الْآخِرَةِ لِيَسُوءُوا وُجُوهَكُمْ وَلِيَدْخُلُوا الْمَسْجِدَ كَمَا دَخَلُوهُ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ وَلِيُتَبِّرُوا مَا عَلَوْا تَتْبِيرًا
📘 And We said ‘If you are virtuous through acts of obedience you are being virtuous to your own souls since the reward thereof is for them your souls; and if you do evil by way of working corruption it is for them’ your evildoing. So when the time the occasion for the other prophecy comes We will raise them forth that they might ravage you make you grieve through their slaying and taking captive of you a grief that will be manifest on your faces and that they might enter the Temple the Holy House of Jerusalem and destroy it just as they entered it and destroyed it the first time and that they might destroy lay waste all that they conquered all that they gained ascendancy over utterly with an utter wasting. They indeed wrought corruption a second time when they slew the prophet John. Thus Nebuchadnezzar was roused against them and so he slew thousands of them and took their children captive and destroyed the Holy House of Jerusalem.
۞ وَلَقَدْ كَرَّمْنَا بَنِي آدَمَ وَحَمَلْنَاهُمْ فِي الْبَرِّ وَالْبَحْرِ وَرَزَقْنَاهُمْ مِنَ الطَّيِّبَاتِ وَفَضَّلْنَاهُمْ عَلَىٰ كَثِيرٍ مِمَّنْ خَلَقْنَا تَفْضِيلًا
📘 And verily We have honoured We have preferred the Children of Adam above other creation by giving them knowledge speech and their being a creation of even proportions amongst other things including their means of purification after death and carried them over land on animal-back and sea in ships and provided them with good things and We have preferred them above many of those whom We created such as livestock and wild animals with a marked preferment the min of mimman ‘of those whom’ has the sense of mā ‘of what’ or something close to it and includes the angels the purpose being to give preference to the angelic genus; there is no requirement to give explicit preference to the individuals of this category of being since they angels are superior to mankind excepting the prophets.
يَوْمَ نَدْعُو كُلَّ أُنَاسٍ بِإِمَامِهِمْ ۖ فَمَنْ أُوتِيَ كِتَابَهُ بِيَمِينِهِ فَأُولَٰئِكَ يَقْرَءُونَ كِتَابَهُمْ وَلَا يُظْلَمُونَ فَتِيلًا
📘 Mention the day when We shall summon all men with their leader their prophet and it will be said ‘O community of so-and-so’; or it bi-imāmihim means ‘with the record of their deeds’ in which case it will be said ‘O one of good deeds O one of evil deeds!’ this is on the Day of Resurrection. And whoever from among them is given his book in his right hand these being the fortunate those possessors of understanding in this world — those will read their book and they will not be wronged they will not be diminished of their deeds so much as a single date-thread.
وَمَنْ كَانَ فِي هَٰذِهِ أَعْمَىٰ فَهُوَ فِي الْآخِرَةِ أَعْمَىٰ وَأَضَلُّ سَبِيلًا
📘 And whoever has been in this that is in this world blind to the truth will be blind in the Hereafter to the path of salvation and the reciting of the Qur’ān and even further astray from the right way more removed from the road that leads to it.
وَإِنْ كَادُوا لَيَفْتِنُونَكَ عَنِ الَّذِي أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ لِتَفْتَرِيَ عَلَيْنَا غَيْرَهُ ۖ وَإِذًا لَاتَّخَذُوكَ خَلِيلًا
📘 The following was revealed regarding the tribe of Thaqīf for they had asked him the Prophet s to declare their valley inviolable and implored him to grant them this request And indeed wa-in the particle in is softened they were about to they nearly did beguile you away from that which We revealed to you so that you might invent against Us something other than that; and then had you done that they would have taken you as a friend.
وَلَوْلَا أَنْ ثَبَّتْنَاكَ لَقَدْ كِدْتَ تَرْكَنُ إِلَيْهِمْ شَيْئًا قَلِيلًا
📘 And if We had not made you stand firm upon the Truth by way of divine protection ‘isma certainly you might have you nearly inclined to them a little because of the extent of their deception and their persistence. This statement is explicit about the fact that the Prophet s neither inclined nor came close to doing so.
إِذًا لَأَذَقْنَاكَ ضِعْفَ الْحَيَاةِ وَضِعْفَ الْمَمَاتِ ثُمَّ لَا تَجِدُ لَكَ عَلَيْنَا نَصِيرًا
📘 Then had you inclined We would have surely made you taste a double chastisement in life and a double chastisement upon death in other words twice the chastisement that any other person would receive in this world and the Hereafter. Then you would not have found for yourself any helper against Us anyone to shield you from it.
وَإِنْ كَادُوا لَيَسْتَفِزُّونَكَ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ لِيُخْرِجُوكَ مِنْهَا ۖ وَإِذًا لَا يَلْبَثُونَ خِلَافَكَ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا
📘 When the Jews said to him ‘If you are a prophet then make your way to Syria for it is the land of prophets’ the following was revealed And indeed wa-in the particle in is softened they were about to provoke you out of the land the land of Medina to expel you from it but then had they expelled you they would not have remained after you in it except a little while after which they would have been destroyed.
سُنَّةَ مَنْ قَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا قَبْلَكَ مِنْ رُسُلِنَا ۖ وَلَا تَجِدُ لِسُنَّتِنَا تَحْوِيلًا
📘 That is the way in the case of those whom We have sent from among Our messengers before you that is to say that is Our way of dealing with them their enemies destroying those who expel them Our messengers. And as regards Our established way you will not find any change any alternative manner.
أَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ لِدُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ إِلَىٰ غَسَقِ اللَّيْلِ وَقُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ ۖ إِنَّ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ كَانَ مَشْهُودًا
📘 Establish prayer from the sun’s decline that is from after midday until the dark of night until its darkness has fallen in other words perform prayers at noon in the afternoon at sunset and at night and the recital of the Qur’ān at dawn the morning prayer. Verily the dawn recital is ever witnessed it is witnessed by the angels of the night and the angels of the day.
وَمِنَ اللَّيْلِ فَتَهَجَّدْ بِهِ نَافِلَةً لَكَ عَسَىٰ أَنْ يَبْعَثَكَ رَبُّكَ مَقَامًا مَحْمُودًا
📘 And for a part of the night keep vigil perform prayer therewith with the Qur’ān as a supererogatory devotion for you as an extra obligation for you to the exclusion of your community or it means as extra merit for you on top of the other obligatory prayers. It may be that your Lord will raise you to establish you in the Hereafter in a praiseworthy station one for which the first and last of mankind will praise you — and this is the station of intercession which will take place during the passing of the Final Judgement.
عَسَىٰ رَبُّكُمْ أَنْ يَرْحَمَكُمْ ۚ وَإِنْ عُدْتُمْ عُدْنَا ۘ وَجَعَلْنَا جَهَنَّمَ لِلْكَافِرِينَ حَصِيرًا
📘 And We said in the Scripture It may be that your Lord will have mercy upon you after the second time if you were to repent; but if you revert to working corruption We too will revert to punishment. And assuredly they did revert by denying the Prophet s and so he was given power over them through the slaying of the Banū Qurayza the expulsion of the Banū Nadīr and the exacting of the jizya-tax from them; and We have made Hell a dungeon for the disbelievers a place of detention and a prison for them.
وَقُلْ رَبِّ أَدْخِلْنِي مُدْخَلَ صِدْقٍ وَأَخْرِجْنِي مُخْرَجَ صِدْقٍ وَاجْعَلْ لِي مِنْ لَدُنْكَ سُلْطَانًا نَصِيرًا
📘 And say ‘My Lord make me enter Medina with a veritable entrance an entrance that is satisfying one in which I do not see what I dislike and bring me out of Mecca with a veritable departure a departure such that my heart will not care to turn back to look at it yearningly. And grant me from Yourself a favourable authority’ grant me strength with which You render me victorious over Your enemies.
وَقُلْ جَاءَ الْحَقُّ وَزَهَقَ الْبَاطِلُ ۚ إِنَّ الْبَاطِلَ كَانَ زَهُوقًا
📘 And say upon your entry into Mecca ‘The Truth Islam has come and falsehood has vanished away disbelief has come to nothing. Truly falsehood is ever bound to vanish’ ever bound to fade away and disappear. Indeed the Prophet s entered it Mecca and there were 360 idols which had been placed around the Sacred House sc. the Ka‘ba. He the Prophet then set about thrusting at them with a stick he was carrying saying those words until they had all been toppled as reported by the two Shaykhs Bukhārī and Muslim.
وَنُنَزِّلُ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ مَا هُوَ شِفَاءٌ وَرَحْمَةٌ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ ۙ وَلَا يَزِيدُ الظَّالِمِينَ إِلَّا خَسَارًا
📘 And We reveal of min here is explicative the Qur’ān that which is a cure from error and a mercy for believers thereby; though it only increases the evildoers the disbelievers in loss because of their disbelief in it.
وَإِذَا أَنْعَمْنَا عَلَى الْإِنْسَانِ أَعْرَضَ وَنَأَىٰ بِجَانِبِهِ ۖ وَإِذَا مَسَّهُ الشَّرُّ كَانَ يَئُوسًا
📘 And when We are gracious to man the disbelieving man he is disregardful of giving thanks and turns aside turning his face away in arrogance; but when an ill such as poverty or hardship befalls him he is in despair despondent of God’s mercy.
قُلْ كُلٌّ يَعْمَلُ عَلَىٰ شَاكِلَتِهِ فَرَبُّكُمْ أَعْلَمُ بِمَنْ هُوَ أَهْدَىٰ سَبِيلًا
📘 Say ‘Everyone including us and you acts according to his own character his own manner of conduct and your Lord knows best who is better guided as to the way’ as to the path he follows and He will reward him accordingly.
وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الرُّوحِ ۖ قُلِ الرُّوحُ مِنْ أَمْرِ رَبِّي وَمَا أُوتِيتُمْ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا
📘 And they will question you that is the Jews concerning the Spirit from which the body receives life. Say to them ‘The Spirit is of the command of my Lord that is it belongs to His knowledge about which you know not. And of knowledge you have not been given except a little’ relative to His knowledge exalted be He.
وَلَئِنْ شِئْنَا لَنَذْهَبَنَّ بِالَّذِي أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ ثُمَّ لَا تَجِدُ لَكَ بِهِ عَلَيْنَا وَكِيلًا
📘 And if la-in the lām is for oaths We willed We could take away what We have revealed to you in other words take away the Qur’ān by erasing it from the hearts of men and from the written copies. Then you would not find in respect thereof any guardian for yourself against Us;
إِلَّا رَحْمَةً مِنْ رَبِّكَ ۚ إِنَّ فَضْلَهُ كَانَ عَلَيْكَ كَبِيرًا
📘 it is only — but We have let it remain — as a mercy from your Lord. Truly His favour to you is ever great tremendous for He has revealed to you and granted you the praiseworthy station as well as other kinds of merit.
قُلْ لَئِنِ اجْتَمَعَتِ الْإِنْسُ وَالْجِنُّ عَلَىٰ أَنْ يَأْتُوا بِمِثْلِ هَٰذَا الْقُرْآنِ لَا يَأْتُونَ بِمِثْلِهِ وَلَوْ كَانَ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ ظَهِيرًا
📘 Say ‘Verily should mankind and jinn come together to produce the like of this Qur’ān the like thereof in terms of clarity and rhetorical excellence they could not produce the like thereof even if they backed one another’ even if one was an assistant of the other. This verse was revealed as a refutation of their statement ‘If we wish we can speak the like of this’ Q. 831.
وَلَقَدْ صَرَّفْنَا لِلنَّاسِ فِي هَٰذَا الْقُرْآنِ مِنْ كُلِّ مَثَلٍ فَأَبَىٰ أَكْثَرُ النَّاسِ إِلَّا كُفُورًا
📘 And verily We have dispensed explained for people in this Qur’ān every kind of similitude min kulli mathalin this is an adjectival qualification of an omitted clause in other words ‘We have dispensed a similitude from every kind of similitude’ that they might be admonished; but most people that is the people of Mecca insist on disbelieving on denying the truth.
إِنَّ هَٰذَا الْقُرْآنَ يَهْدِي لِلَّتِي هِيَ أَقْوَمُ وَيُبَشِّرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الَّذِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ الصَّالِحَاتِ أَنَّ لَهُمْ أَجْرًا كَبِيرًا
📘 Truly this Qur’ān guides to that to that way which is straightest most upright and correct and gives tidings to the believers who perform righteous deeds that there is a great reward for them.
وَقَالُوا لَنْ نُؤْمِنَ لَكَ حَتَّىٰ تَفْجُرَ لَنَا مِنَ الْأَرْضِ يَنْبُوعًا
📘 And they say wa-qālū is a supplement to abā illā ‘insist on’ ‘We will not believe you until you make gush forth for us from the ground a spring from which water issues forth;
أَوْ تَكُونَ لَكَ جَنَّةٌ مِنْ نَخِيلٍ وَعِنَبٍ فَتُفَجِّرَ الْأَنْهَارَ خِلَالَهَا تَفْجِيرًا
📘 or until you come to have a garden an orchard of date-palms and vines and cause streams to gush forth therein in the midst of these abundantly;
أَوْ تُسْقِطَ السَّمَاءَ كَمَا زَعَمْتَ عَلَيْنَا كِسَفًا أَوْ تَأْتِيَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ قَبِيلًا
📘 or until you cause the heaven to fall upon us as you assert in pieces or bring God and the angels right in front of us face to face with us before our very eyes so that we might see them;
أَوْ يَكُونَ لَكَ بَيْتٌ مِنْ زُخْرُفٍ أَوْ تَرْقَىٰ فِي السَّمَاءِ وَلَنْ نُؤْمِنَ لِرُقِيِّكَ حَتَّىٰ تُنَزِّلَ عَلَيْنَا كِتَابًا نَقْرَؤُهُ ۗ قُلْ سُبْحَانَ رَبِّي هَلْ كُنْتُ إِلَّا بَشَرًا رَسُولًا
📘 or until you come to have a house adorned with gold or ascend into the heaven upon a ladder and even then we will not believe your ascension if you were to ascend into it until you bring down for us therefrom a book in which is confirmed your truthfulness that we may read’. Say to them ‘Glory be to my Lord — this is a statement of amazement — Am I anything but a human a messenger from God?’ in other words I am like all other messengers for they never brought any signs except by God’s leave.
وَمَا مَنَعَ النَّاسَ أَنْ يُؤْمِنُوا إِذْ جَاءَهُمُ الْهُدَىٰ إِلَّا أَنْ قَالُوا أَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ بَشَرًا رَسُولًا
📘 And nothing prevented mankind from believing when guidance came to them but that they said that is except their saying in denial ‘Has God sent a human as a messenger from Him?’ instead of sending an angel.
قُلْ لَوْ كَانَ فِي الْأَرْضِ مَلَائِكَةٌ يَمْشُونَ مُطْمَئِنِّينَ لَنَزَّلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَلَكًا رَسُولًا
📘 Say to them ‘Had there been in the earth instead of humans angels walking and living secure We would have sent down to them from the heaven an angel as Messenger’ for when a messenger is sent to a people he is always of their kind so that they are able to speak to him and understand from him his message.
قُلْ كَفَىٰ بِاللَّهِ شَهِيدًا بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكُمْ ۚ إِنَّهُ كَانَ بِعِبَادِهِ خَبِيرًا بَصِيرًا
📘 Say ‘God suffices as a witness between me and you of my sincerity. Truly He is Aware Seer of His servants’ Knower of what they hide and what they manifest.
وَمَنْ يَهْدِ اللَّهُ فَهُوَ الْمُهْتَدِ ۖ وَمَنْ يُضْلِلْ فَلَنْ تَجِدَ لَهُمْ أَوْلِيَاءَ مِنْ دُونِهِ ۖ وَنَحْشُرُهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ عَلَىٰ وُجُوهِهِمْ عُمْيًا وَبُكْمًا وَصُمًّا ۖ مَأْوَاهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ ۖ كُلَّمَا خَبَتْ زِدْنَاهُمْ سَعِيرًا
📘 And he whom God guides is rightly guided and he whom He sends astray — you will not find for them any guardians to guide them besides Him. And We shall assemble them on the Day of Resurrection walking on their faces blind dumb and deaf; their abode shall be Hell — whenever it abates whenever its flames subside We shall intensify for them the blaze the flame and its burning.
ذَٰلِكَ جَزَاؤُهُمْ بِأَنَّهُمْ كَفَرُوا بِآيَاتِنَا وَقَالُوا أَإِذَا كُنَّا عِظَامًا وَرُفَاتًا أَإِنَّا لَمَبْعُوثُونَ خَلْقًا جَدِيدًا
📘 That is their requital because they disbelieved Our signs and said in denial of the Resurrection ‘What when we are bones and fragments shall we really be raised in a new creation?’
۞ أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْا أَنَّ اللَّهَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ قَادِرٌ عَلَىٰ أَنْ يَخْلُقَ مِثْلَهُمْ وَجَعَلَ لَهُمْ أَجَلًا لَا رَيْبَ فِيهِ فَأَبَى الظَّالِمُونَ إِلَّا كُفُورًا
📘 Have they not seen realised that God He Who created the heavens and the earth with all their immensity has the power to create the like of them? that is the like of these human beings especially given their smallness? He has appointed for them a term until the time for their death and resurrection whereof is no doubt; yet the wrongdoers insist on disbelief on denial of such a term.
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