🕋 تفسير سورة الحج
(Al-Hajj) • المصدر: EN-AL-JALALAYN
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اتَّقُوا رَبَّكُمْ ۚ إِنَّ زَلْزَلَةَ السَّاعَةِ شَيْءٌ عَظِيمٌ
📘 O mankind that is the inhabitants of Mecca and others fear your Lord that is of His punishment by being obedient to Him. Surely the earthquake of the Hour of Doom that is the violent quaking of the earth after which the sun will rise from the west something which will be near the time of the Hour is a tremendous thing in the way it will distress people — this itself being a sort of punishment.
ذَٰلِكَ بِمَا قَدَّمَتْ يَدَاكَ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ لَيْسَ بِظَلَّامٍ لِلْعَبِيدِ
📘 ‘That is the chastisement for what your hands have sent ahead in other words what you have offered in the way of deeds — He refers to him with reference to the two hands as opposed to other parts because most actions are effected through them — and because God is not unjust to His servants’ chastising them without their having committed any sin.
وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَعْبُدُ اللَّهَ عَلَىٰ حَرْفٍ ۖ فَإِنْ أَصَابَهُ خَيْرٌ اطْمَأَنَّ بِهِ ۖ وَإِنْ أَصَابَتْهُ فِتْنَةٌ انْقَلَبَ عَلَىٰ وَجْهِهِ خَسِرَ الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةَ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ هُوَ الْخُسْرَانُ الْمُبِينُ
📘 And among mankind there are those who worship God on a knife-edge that is with uncertainty in his worship — such a person has been likened the knife- edge of a mountain in his precariousness — if good fortune befalls him so that he enjoys health and security with respect to his own self and his property he is reassured by it; but if an ordeal befalls him a trial or ill-health with regard to himself or his property he makes a turnabout that is he reverts to disbelief losing both this world when what he had hoped for in it has eluded him and the Hereafter by his disbelief. That is the manifest loss.
يَدْعُو مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ مَا لَا يَضُرُّهُ وَمَا لَا يَنْفَعُهُ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ هُوَ الضَّلَالُ الْبَعِيدُ
📘 He calls on he worships besides God in the way of idols that which could not hurt him should he refrain from worshipping it and that which could not profit him if were to worship it. Such a call is extreme error from the truth.
يَدْعُو لَمَنْ ضَرُّهُ أَقْرَبُ مِنْ نَفْعِهِ ۚ لَبِئْسَ الْمَوْلَىٰ وَلَبِئْسَ الْعَشِيرُ
📘 He calls on him the lām of la-man is extra whose harm when worshipped is likelier than his benefit even if he were to have any benefit as he imagines him to have. Truly an evil patron is he that is an evil helper and an evil friend an evil companion is he. After the mention of ‘the doubter’ and his being in manifest ‘loss’ above verse 11 there follows the mention of the believers and their reward as follows
إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُدْخِلُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَفْعَلُ مَا يُرِيدُ
📘 Truly God shall admit those who believe and perform righteous deeds in the way of obligatory and supererogatory acts of worship into gardens underneath which rivers flow. Indeed God does whatever He desires in the way of showing beneficence to those who obey Him and degrading those who disobey Him.
مَنْ كَانَ يَظُنُّ أَنْ لَنْ يَنْصُرَهُ اللَّهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ فَلْيَمْدُدْ بِسَبَبٍ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ ثُمَّ لْيَقْطَعْ فَلْيَنْظُرْ هَلْ يُذْهِبَنَّ كَيْدُهُ مَا يَغِيظُ
📘 Whoever supposes that God will not help him namely Muhammad (s) His Prophet in this world and the Hereafter let him extend a rope to the ceiling to the roof of his house fixing it there and tying it to his neck and let him hang himself that is let him choke to death because of it by severing his soul from any existence on the earth as reported in the various Sahīh compilations. Then let him see whether his strategy against the Prophet being helped dispels that which enrages him about it. In other words let him choke to death with rage because of it for it is inevitable.
وَكَذَٰلِكَ أَنْزَلْنَاهُ آيَاتٍ بَيِّنَاتٍ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ يَهْدِي مَنْ يُرِيدُ
📘 So just as We revealed the previous verse We revealed it that is the remainder of the Qur’ān as clear signs manifest signs bayyināt ‘clear signs’ is a circumstantial qualifier and indeed God guides whomever He desires that he be guided wa-anna’Llāha yahdī man yurīdu a supplement to the suffixed pronoun hā’ ‘it’ of anzalnāhu ‘We revealed it’.
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَالَّذِينَ هَادُوا وَالصَّابِئِينَ وَالنَّصَارَىٰ وَالْمَجُوسَ وَالَّذِينَ أَشْرَكُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَفْصِلُ بَيْنَهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَهِيدٌ
📘 Truly those who believe and those of Jewry namely the Jews and the Sabaeans a sect from among them and the Christians and the Magians and the polytheists — God will indeed judge between them on the Day of Resurrection by admitting the believers into Paradise and all others into the Fire. Assuredly God over all things the things which they do is Witness Knowing them a knowledge of direct vision ‘ilm mushāhada.
أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَسْجُدُ لَهُ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَنْ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَالشَّمْسُ وَالْقَمَرُ وَالنُّجُومُ وَالْجِبَالُ وَالشَّجَرُ وَالدَّوَابُّ وَكَثِيرٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ ۖ وَكَثِيرٌ حَقَّ عَلَيْهِ الْعَذَابُ ۗ وَمَنْ يُهِنِ اللَّهُ فَمَا لَهُ مِنْ مُكْرِمٍ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَفْعَلُ مَا يَشَاءُ ۩
📘 Have you not seen have you not realised that to God prostrate whoever is in the heavens and whoever is in the earth together with the sun and the moon and the stars and the mountains and the trees and the animals that is how they are submissive to Him in what He wills of them as well as many of mankind? namely the believers who prostrate to Him in addition to their submissiveness to Him when prostrating in prayer. And for many the chastisement has become due and these are the disbelievers for they refuse to prostrate an action which is contingent on belief. And he whom God abases he whom He makes unprosperous there is none to give him honour none to make him fortunate. Indeed God does whatever He will in the way of abasing or giving honour.
۞ هَٰذَانِ خَصْمَانِ اخْتَصَمُوا فِي رَبِّهِمْ ۖ فَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا قُطِّعَتْ لَهُمْ ثِيَابٌ مِنْ نَارٍ يُصَبُّ مِنْ فَوْقِ رُءُوسِهِمُ الْحَمِيمُ
📘 These twain are two contenders that is the believers constitute one contending party and the five categories of disbelievers constitute the other contending party the term khasm ‘contender’ may be used to refer to one or many who contend concerning their Lord that is to say concerning His religion. As for those who disbelieve garments of fire will be cut out for them garments which they will wear — meaning that the Fire will encompass them — and boiling water will be poured over their heads hamīm is water that has reached an extreme temperature
يَوْمَ تَرَوْنَهَا تَذْهَلُ كُلُّ مُرْضِعَةٍ عَمَّا أَرْضَعَتْ وَتَضَعُ كُلُّ ذَاتِ حَمْلٍ حَمْلَهَا وَتَرَى النَّاسَ سُكَارَىٰ وَمَا هُمْ بِسُكَارَىٰ وَلَٰكِنَّ عَذَابَ اللَّهِ شَدِيدٌ
📘 On the day when you behold it every actually nursing female on account of this tremendous day will neglect her suckling that is she will forget it; and every pregnant female will deliver her burden and you will see mankind as though drunk because of the severity of their fear yet they will not be drunk because of any drink; but God’s chastisement is severe and so they will be terrified of it.
يُصْهَرُ بِهِ مَا فِي بُطُونِهِمْ وَالْجُلُودُ
📘 whereby will be melted that which is in their bellies of fats and otherwise and whereby will be grilled their skins.
وَلَهُمْ مَقَامِعُ مِنْ حَدِيدٍ
📘 And there will be hooked rods of iron for them for their heads to be beaten with.
كُلَّمَا أَرَادُوا أَنْ يَخْرُجُوا مِنْهَا مِنْ غَمٍّ أُعِيدُوا فِيهَا وَذُوقُوا عَذَابَ الْحَرِيقِ
📘 Whenever they desire to exit from it that is from the Fire on account of their anguish they are made to return into it they are driven back into it with the hooked rods and it shall be said to them ‘Taste the chastisement of the burning!’ namely the one that has reached ultimate degree of combustion.
إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُدْخِلُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ يُحَلَّوْنَ فِيهَا مِنْ أَسَاوِرَ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ وَلُؤْلُؤًا ۖ وَلِبَاسُهُمْ فِيهَا حَرِيرٌ
📘 And He God says of the believers Indeed God shall admit those who believe and perform righteous deeds into gardens underneath which rivers flow; adorned therein with bracelets of gold and pearl read wa-lu’lu’in genitive to mean bracelets made of both elements so that the pearls are set in gold; or read wa-lu’lu’an accusative as a supplement to the syntactical locus of min asāwira ‘bracelets’; and their raiment therein will be silk namely the one forbidden for men to wear in this world.
وَهُدُوا إِلَى الطَّيِّبِ مِنَ الْقَوْلِ وَهُدُوا إِلَىٰ صِرَاطِ الْحَمِيدِ
📘 And they shall be guided in this world to wholesome words namely ‘There is no god except God’ and they shall be guided to the path of the Praised that is to the praiseworthy way of God and His religion.
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَيَصُدُّونَ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَالْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ الَّذِي جَعَلْنَاهُ لِلنَّاسِ سَوَاءً الْعَاكِفُ فِيهِ وَالْبَادِ ۚ وَمَنْ يُرِدْ فِيهِ بِإِلْحَادٍ بِظُلْمٍ نُذِقْهُ مِنْ عَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ
📘 Truly those who disbelieve and who bar from the way of God from obedience to Him and from the Sacred Mosque which We have assigned as a holy rite and a place of devotion for mankind equally for the dweller the one who resides therein and the visitor the passer-by; and whoever seeks to commit sacrilege therein the bā’ of bi-ilhādin ‘sacrilege’ is extra by doing wrong in other words for such a reason committing what is forbidden even if he should curse the Mosque’s attendant We shall make him taste a painful chastisement that is some such chastisement from this last clause one may derive the predicate of the introductory particle inna ‘truly’ and it is this ‘We shall make them taste a painful chastisement’.
وَإِذْ بَوَّأْنَا لِإِبْرَاهِيمَ مَكَانَ الْبَيْتِ أَنْ لَا تُشْرِكْ بِي شَيْئًا وَطَهِّرْ بَيْتِيَ لِلطَّائِفِينَ وَالْقَائِمِينَ وَالرُّكَّعِ السُّجُودِ
📘 And mention when We settled when We pointed out for Abraham the site of the House that he may build it — for it the House had been raised to heaven at the time of the Flood — and We commanded him saying ‘Do not ascribe any partner to Me and purify My House of graven images for those who circumambulate it and those who are resident staying therein and those who bow and prostrate al-rukka‘ and al-sujūd are the plural forms of rāki‘ and sājid respectively those praying.
وَأَذِّنْ فِي النَّاسِ بِالْحَجِّ يَأْتُوكَ رِجَالًا وَعَلَىٰ كُلِّ ضَامِرٍ يَأْتِينَ مِنْ كُلِّ فَجٍّ عَمِيقٍ
📘 And announce call out among the people the season for Pilgrimage. Thus he cried out from the top of the mountain of Abū Qubays ‘O people your Lord has built a House and has made pilgrimage to it an obligation upon you so respond to the call of your Lord’ turning his face to the right and to the left to the east and to the west; and every one of those for whom the performance of the pilgrimage had been preordained by God from among the loins of men and the wombs of women responded to him thus ‘At Your service our Lord we are at Your service’ labbayka’Llāhumma labbayk. The response to the command clause is the following and they shall come to you on foot walking rijāl plural of rājil similar in pattern to qā’im ‘standing’ and its plural qiyām and riding on every lean camel that is on every emaciated camel dāmir this term may be used to refer to both male and female camels. They shall come that is the lean camels by grammatical agreement with the feminine verb form from every deep ravine from every distant route
لِيَشْهَدُوا مَنَافِعَ لَهُمْ وَيَذْكُرُوا اسْمَ اللَّهِ فِي أَيَّامٍ مَعْلُومَاتٍ عَلَىٰ مَا رَزَقَهُمْ مِنْ بَهِيمَةِ الْأَنْعَامِ ۖ فَكُلُوا مِنْهَا وَأَطْعِمُوا الْبَائِسَ الْفَقِيرَ
📘 that they may witness that they may be present before things that are of benefit to them in this world such as commerce or of benefit in the Hereafter or in both — all of which are valid alternative opinions — and mention God’s Name on appointed days namely the ten days of Dhū’l-Hijja or the Day of ‘Arafa or from the Day of Immolation up to the last days of tashrīq — all of which are valid alternative opinions — over the livestock which He has provided them such as the camels cows and sheep immolated on the Day of the ‘Īd and any subsequent offerings or sacrifices. “So eat thereof if it be recommended and feed the wretched poor” that is the one in dire poverty.
ثُمَّ لْيَقْضُوا تَفَثَهُمْ وَلْيُوفُوا نُذُورَهُمْ وَلْيَطَّوَّفُوا بِالْبَيْتِ الْعَتِيقِ
📘 Then let them do away with their self-neglect that is to say let them remove any dirt or unkemptness such as any long fingernails and let them fulfil read wa’l-yūfū or wa’l-yuwaffū their vows in the way of offerings and sacrifices and perform the circumambulation the circumambulation following the egress from ‘Arafa of the Ancient House’ that is the Old one because it was the first House founded for mankind.
وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يُجَادِلُ فِي اللَّهِ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ وَيَتَّبِعُ كُلَّ شَيْطَانٍ مَرِيدٍ
📘 The following was revealed regarding al-Nadr b. al-Hārith and his companions And among mankind are those who dispute about God without any knowledge — they would say ‘The angels are God’s daughters and the Qur’ān a collection of the fables of the ancients’. In addition they would deny resurrection and the bringing back to life of those who had become dust — and those who follow in their manner of disputing every rebellious devil
ذَٰلِكَ وَمَنْ يُعَظِّمْ حُرُمَاتِ اللَّهِ فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَهُ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِ ۗ وَأُحِلَّتْ لَكُمُ الْأَنْعَامُ إِلَّا مَا يُتْلَىٰ عَلَيْكُمْ ۖ فَاجْتَنِبُوا الرِّجْسَ مِنَ الْأَوْثَانِ وَاجْتَنِبُوا قَوْلَ الزُّورِ
📘 That is that dhālika the predicate of an implied subject in other words ‘the matter’ or ‘the affair’ is ‘that which has been mentioned’. And whoever venerates the sacraments of God namely those things whose violation is forbidden that veneration of them shall be better for him with his Lord in the Hereafter. And cattle are lawful for you to consume after their slaughter except for that which has been recited to you as being unlawful in the verse Forbidden to you is carrion … Q. 53. The exceptive clause above is a discontinuous one; but it could also be taken as continuous so that the prohibition is of that which has died and so on. So avoid the abomination of idols mina’l-awthān min here is explicative as opposed to partitive in other words ‘avoid abomination namely idols’ and avoid false speech that is to say ascribing partners to God in your uttering of the talbiya or avoid bearing false witness;
حُنَفَاءَ لِلَّهِ غَيْرَ مُشْرِكِينَ بِهِ ۚ وَمَنْ يُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ فَكَأَنَّمَا خَرَّ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ فَتَخْطَفُهُ الطَّيْرُ أَوْ تَهْوِي بِهِ الرِّيحُ فِي مَكَانٍ سَحِيقٍ
📘 being hanīfs to God being of those who have submitted to God inclining away from every religion except His religion not ascribing partners to Him this clause emphasises the preceding one both clauses being circumstantial qualifiers referring to the third person plural indicator wāw of ijtanibū ‘avoid’. For whoever ascribes partners to God it is as though he had fallen from the heaven and been snatched away by vulture birds that is as though they had seized him swiftly or as though the wind had blown him dropped him into a far-off place so that there is no hope of his being saved.
ذَٰلِكَ وَمَنْ يُعَظِّمْ شَعَائِرَ اللَّهِ فَإِنَّهَا مِنْ تَقْوَى الْقُلُوبِ
📘 That dhālika an implied subject al-amru ‘the matter is’ is taken to precede this predicate. And whoever venerates the sacraments of God then that in other words then that veneration of them — namely of the beasts of sacrifice offered in the Sanctuary after the best of them have been selected and fattened — derives from the piety of the hearts of those individuals. These sacraments are called sha‘ā’ir because they are marked out ish‘ār with something to indicate that they are offerings such as having a hump pierced with a piece of metal.
لَكُمْ فِيهَا مَنَافِعُ إِلَىٰ أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى ثُمَّ مَحِلُّهَا إِلَى الْبَيْتِ الْعَتِيقِ
📘 You may benefit from them such as riding on them and carrying your loads on them in a way that does not harm them until a specified time the time for its immolation. Thereafter its lawful sacrifice that is the site where its immolation becomes due is by the Ancient House meaning the entire Meccan Sanctuary.
وَلِكُلِّ أُمَّةٍ جَعَلْنَا مَنْسَكًا لِيَذْكُرُوا اسْمَ اللَّهِ عَلَىٰ مَا رَزَقَهُمْ مِنْ بَهِيمَةِ الْأَنْعَامِ ۗ فَإِلَٰهُكُمْ إِلَٰهٌ وَاحِدٌ فَلَهُ أَسْلِمُوا ۗ وَبَشِّرِ الْمُخْبِتِينَ
📘 And for every community that is for every believing group that came before you We have appointed a holy rite read mansakan as the verbal noun ‘ritual’ or mansikan as a noun denoting the site for a rite in other words for every community We have appointed a sacrificial slaughter or the site for such a ritual that they might mention God’s Name over the livestock that He has provided them at the point of slaughtering them. For your God is One God so submit yield to Him. And give good tidings to the humbly obedient
الَّذِينَ إِذَا ذُكِرَ اللَّهُ وَجِلَتْ قُلُوبُهُمْ وَالصَّابِرِينَ عَلَىٰ مَا أَصَابَهُمْ وَالْمُقِيمِي الصَّلَاةِ وَمِمَّا رَزَقْنَاهُمْ يُنْفِقُونَ
📘 who when God is mentioned their hearts tremble fear and who endure patiently whatever may befall them of ordeals and who observe prayer at its appointed times and who from that which We have provided them expend from it give voluntary alms.
وَالْبُدْنَ جَعَلْنَاهَا لَكُمْ مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللَّهِ لَكُمْ فِيهَا خَيْرٌ ۖ فَاذْكُرُوا اسْمَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهَا صَوَافَّ ۖ فَإِذَا وَجَبَتْ جُنُوبُهَا فَكُلُوا مِنْهَا وَأَطْعِمُوا الْقَانِعَ وَالْمُعْتَرَّ ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ سَخَّرْنَاهَا لَكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ
📘 And as for the sacrificial camels al-budn plural of badana which are ‘camels’ — We have appointed them for you as one of God’s sacraments the ritual ceremonies of His religion. There is good for you in them benefit for you in this world as already mentioned and a reward in the Hereafter. So mention God’s Name over them at the point of immolating them when they are lined up standing on three legs with the left foreleg hobbled. Then when their flanks have collapsed fallen to the ground after immolation — which is the time when one may eat of them — eat of them if you wish and feed the self-contained beggar al-qāni‘ a beggar who is content with what he is given neither asking nor approaching people and the suppliant al-mu‘tarr a beggar who asks for charity or approaches people for that purpose. So that is similar to such a disposal We have disposed them for you that it may be immolated or ridden — for otherwise it would not have been possible — that perhaps you might be thankful for My graces to you.
لَنْ يَنَالَ اللَّهَ لُحُومُهَا وَلَا دِمَاؤُهَا وَلَٰكِنْ يَنَالُهُ التَّقْوَىٰ مِنْكُمْ ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ سَخَّرَهَا لَكُمْ لِتُكَبِّرُوا اللَّهَ عَلَىٰ مَا هَدَاكُمْ ۗ وَبَشِّرِ الْمُحْسِنِينَ
📘 Neither their flesh nor their blood shall reach God that is neither of these shall be raised up to Him; rather it is your piety that shall reach Him that is it is your righteous action performed purely for Him together with your faith that shall be raised up to Him. Thus has He disposed them for you that you may magnify God for His guiding you for His pointing out to you the ritual ceremonies of His religion and the rites of His pilgrimage. And give good tidings to the virtuous namely those who affirm the Oneness of God.
۞ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُدَافِعُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ كُلَّ خَوَّانٍ كَفُورٍ
📘 Indeed God protects those who believe against the ruinous misguidance of idolaters. Indeed God does not love the treacherous with regard to what is entrusted to him the ungrateful for His grace — these are the idolaters —in other words He will punish them.
أُذِنَ لِلَّذِينَ يُقَاتَلُونَ بِأَنَّهُمْ ظُلِمُوا ۚ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَىٰ نَصْرِهِمْ لَقَدِيرٌ
📘 Permission is granted to those who fight namely to the believers to fight back — this was the first verse to be revealed regarding the struggle in the way of God jihād because they have been wronged as a result of the wrong done to them by the disbelievers. And God is truly able to help them;
كُتِبَ عَلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ مَنْ تَوَلَّاهُ فَأَنَّهُ يُضِلُّهُ وَيَهْدِيهِ إِلَىٰ عَذَابِ السَّعِيرِ
📘 about whom it has been decreed in other words it has been decreed with regards to a devil that whoever takes him for a friend that is whoever follows him he will make him go astray and will lead him summon him to the chastisement of the Blaze namely to the Fire.
الَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُوا مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ إِلَّا أَنْ يَقُولُوا رَبُّنَا اللَّهُ ۗ وَلَوْلَا دَفْعُ اللَّهِ النَّاسَ بَعْضَهُمْ بِبَعْضٍ لَهُدِّمَتْ صَوَامِعُ وَبِيَعٌ وَصَلَوَاتٌ وَمَسَاجِدُ يُذْكَرُ فِيهَا اسْمُ اللَّهِ كَثِيرًا ۗ وَلَيَنْصُرَنَّ اللَّهُ مَنْ يَنْصُرُهُ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَقَوِيٌّ عَزِيزٌ
📘 they are those who were expelled from their homes without right for their expulsion; they were expelled only because they said that is because of their saying ‘Our Lord is God’ alone such a saying is ‘right’ and so then to be expelled for saying it is to be expelled without right. Were it not for God’s causing some people ba‘dahum ‘some’ substitutes for al-nāsa ‘people’ to drive back others destruction would have befallen read la-huddimat to emphasise a great number of destructions; or read la-hudimat the monasteries sawāmi‘ is for monks and churches kanā’is are for Christians and synagogues salawāt is the Hebrew term for Jewish houses of worship kanā’is and mosques masājid are for Muslims in which that is in which mentioned places God’s Name is mentioned greatly and with such destruction acts of worship cease. Assuredly God will help those who help Him that is who help His religion. God is truly Strong overpowering His creation Mighty Invincible in terms of His dominion and power;
الَّذِينَ إِنْ مَكَّنَّاهُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ أَقَامُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتَوُا الزَّكَاةَ وَأَمَرُوا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَنَهَوْا عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ ۗ وَلِلَّهِ عَاقِبَةُ الْأُمُورِ
📘 those who if We empower them in the land by granting them victory over their enemies maintain the prayer and pay the alms and enjoin decency and forbid indecency this last is the response to the conditional clause which together with the response constitute a relative clause of the relative noun ‘those who’; hum ‘they are’ may be taken as the implied subject before this. And with God rests the outcome of all matters in other words to Him these matters return in the Hereafter.
وَإِنْ يُكَذِّبُوكَ فَقَدْ كَذَّبَتْ قَبْلَهُمْ قَوْمُ نُوحٍ وَعَادٌ وَثَمُودُ
📘 And if they deny you — these words to the end of the statement are meant to comfort the Prophet s — the people of Noah denied before them kadhdhabat in the feminine person on the basis of the overall import and ‘Ād the people of Hūd and Thamūd the people of Sālih
وَقَوْمُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَقَوْمُ لُوطٍ
📘 as well as the people of Abraham and the people of Lot
وَأَصْحَابُ مَدْيَنَ ۖ وَكُذِّبَ مُوسَىٰ فَأَمْلَيْتُ لِلْكَافِرِينَ ثُمَّ أَخَذْتُهُمْ ۖ فَكَيْفَ كَانَ نَكِيرِ
📘 and the inhabitants of Midian the people of Shu‘ayb and Moses was also denied he was denied by the native Egyptians al-qibt and not by his people the Children of Israel. In other words all of those people denied their messengers so take them these messengers as a good example of constancy. And I granted the disbelievers respite I postponed dealing with them by deferring their requital then I seized them with chastisement and how terrible was My abhorrence! nakīr that is to say My rebuke inkār of them for their denial by My destroying them the interrogative is meant as an affirmative in other words it My chastisement was well-placed.
فَكَأَيِّنْ مِنْ قَرْيَةٍ أَهْلَكْنَاهَا وَهِيَ ظَالِمَةٌ فَهِيَ خَاوِيَةٌ عَلَىٰ عُرُوشِهَا وَبِئْرٍ مُعَطَّلَةٍ وَقَصْرٍ مَشِيدٍ
📘 How many a town I have destroyed ahlaktuhā a variant reading has ahlaknāhā ‘We have destroyed’ while it was doing wrong that is while its inhabitants were doing wrong by being disbelievers but now it lies fallen down collapsed on its roofs and how many a neglected well abandoned because of the death of its owners and a lofty palace stands empty because of the death of its residents.
أَفَلَمْ يَسِيرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ فَتَكُونَ لَهُمْ قُلُوبٌ يَعْقِلُونَ بِهَا أَوْ آذَانٌ يَسْمَعُونَ بِهَا ۖ فَإِنَّهَا لَا تَعْمَى الْأَبْصَارُ وَلَٰكِنْ تَعْمَى الْقُلُوبُ الَّتِي فِي الصُّدُورِ
📘 Have they namely the disbelievers of Mecca not travelled in the land so that they may have hearts with which to comprehend what befell deniers before them or ears with which to hear? the stories of how they were destroyed and their dwelling-places were ruined and so take heed? Indeed it is not the eyes that turn blind but it is the hearts that turn blind within the breasts allatī fī’l-sudūr for emphasis.
وَيَسْتَعْجِلُونَكَ بِالْعَذَابِ وَلَنْ يُخْلِفَ اللَّهُ وَعْدَهُ ۚ وَإِنَّ يَوْمًا عِنْدَ رَبِّكَ كَأَلْفِ سَنَةٍ مِمَّا تَعُدُّونَ
📘 And they ask you to hasten the chastisement even though God would never break His promise of sending down the chastisement upon them — and so He sent it down on the day of Badr. And truly a day with your Lord of the days of the Hereafter on account of the severity of the chastisement is like a thousand years of your counting read ta‘uddūna or ya‘uddūna ‘their counting’ in this world.
وَكَأَيِّنْ مِنْ قَرْيَةٍ أَمْلَيْتُ لَهَا وَهِيَ ظَالِمَةٌ ثُمَّ أَخَذْتُهَا وَإِلَيَّ الْمَصِيرُ
📘 To how many a town did I give respite while it was doing wrong; but then I seized it meaning I seized its inhabitants and with Me lies the journey’s end the final return.
قُلْ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّمَا أَنَا لَكُمْ نَذِيرٌ مُبِينٌ
📘 Say ‘O mankind that is O people of Mecca I am only a manifest warner to you’ one whose warning is plain; but also I am a giver of good tidings to the believers.
يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ فِي رَيْبٍ مِنَ الْبَعْثِ فَإِنَّا خَلَقْنَاكُمْ مِنْ تُرَابٍ ثُمَّ مِنْ نُطْفَةٍ ثُمَّ مِنْ عَلَقَةٍ ثُمَّ مِنْ مُضْغَةٍ مُخَلَّقَةٍ وَغَيْرِ مُخَلَّقَةٍ لِنُبَيِّنَ لَكُمْ ۚ وَنُقِرُّ فِي الْأَرْحَامِ مَا نَشَاءُ إِلَىٰ أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى ثُمَّ نُخْرِجُكُمْ طِفْلًا ثُمَّ لِتَبْلُغُوا أَشُدَّكُمْ ۖ وَمِنْكُمْ مَنْ يُتَوَفَّىٰ وَمِنْكُمْ مَنْ يُرَدُّ إِلَىٰ أَرْذَلِ الْعُمُرِ لِكَيْلَا يَعْلَمَ مِنْ بَعْدِ عِلْمٍ شَيْئًا ۚ وَتَرَى الْأَرْضَ هَامِدَةً فَإِذَا أَنْزَلْنَا عَلَيْهَا الْمَاءَ اهْتَزَّتْ وَرَبَتْ وَأَنْبَتَتْ مِنْ كُلِّ زَوْجٍ بَهِيجٍ
📘 O mankind in other words O people of Mecca if you are in doubt about the Resurrection then lo! consider that We have created you that is We have created your origin — Adam — from dust then We created his progeny from a drop a sperm-drop then from a clot congealed blood then from a little lump of flesh mudgha a piece of flesh the size of what one would be able to chew mā yumdagh partly formed shaped complete in form and partly unformed that is uncomplete in form that We may make clear to you the perfect nature of Our power that you might then infer from this initial act of creation the reality of its future restoration. And We establish nuqirru marks a new grammatically independent sentence in the wombs whatever We will for a specified time that is until the time for it to come out then We bring you forth from the bellies of your mothers as infants and then We extend your life that you may come of age ashuddakum that is to say your prime and strength which is that age between thirty and forty years. And there are some of you who are taken away by death before coming of age and there are some of you who are relegated to the most abject time of life its most despicable state of decrepitude and senility so that after having had some knowledge he no longer knows anything — ‘Ikrima said ‘Whoever recites the Qur’ān such a state will not befall him’. And you see the earth torpid barren yet when We send down water upon it it stirs it moves and swells it rises and grows and grows plants of anbatat min min is extra every delightful fair kind species.
فَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ لَهُمْ مَغْفِرَةٌ وَرِزْقٌ كَرِيمٌ
📘 And so those who believe and perform righteous deeds — for them there shall be forgiveness of their sins and a glorious provision namely Paradise.
وَالَّذِينَ سَعَوْا فِي آيَاتِنَا مُعَاجِزِينَ أُولَٰئِكَ أَصْحَابُ الْجَحِيمِ
📘 But those who strive against Our signs namely the Qur’ān in order to invalidate them seeking to incapacitate mu‘ajjizīna those who follow the Prophet this meaning of mu‘ajjizīna being derived from their assumption that these followers are incapable individuals and impeding them from practising their faith; or mu‘ajjizīna means supposing Us to be incapable against them a variant reading of mu‘ajjizīna has mu‘ājizīna meaning ‘contending with Us’ that is to say they suppose that they will be able to elude Us by denying resurrection and requital — those they shall be the inhabitants of hell-fire.
وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَا مِنْ قَبْلِكَ مِنْ رَسُولٍ وَلَا نَبِيٍّ إِلَّا إِذَا تَمَنَّىٰ أَلْقَى الشَّيْطَانُ فِي أُمْنِيَّتِهِ فَيَنْسَخُ اللَّهُ مَا يُلْقِي الشَّيْطَانُ ثُمَّ يُحْكِمُ اللَّهُ آيَاتِهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ
📘 And We did not send before you any messenger rasūl — this is a prophet who has been commanded to deliver a Message — or prophet nabī — one who has not been commanded to deliver anything — but that when he recited the scripture Satan cast into his recitation what is not from the Qur’ān but which those to whom he the prophet had been sent would find pleasing. The Prophet s had during an assembly of the men of Quraysh after reciting the following verses from sūrat al-Najm Have you considered Lāt and ‘Uzzā? And Manāt the third one? 5319-20 added as a result of Satan casting them onto his tongue without his the Prophet’s being aware of it the following words ‘those are the high-flying cranes al-gharānīq al-‘ulā and indeed their intercession is to be hoped for’ and so they the men of Quraysh were thereby delighted. Gabriel however later informed him the Prophet of this that Satan had cast onto his tongue and he was grieved by it; but was subsequently comforted with this following verse that he might be reassured of God’s pleasure thereat God abrogates nullifies whatever Satan had cast then God confirms His revelations. And God is Knower of Satan’s casting of that which has been mentioned Wise in His enabling him Satan to do such things for He does whatever He will.
لِيَجْعَلَ مَا يُلْقِي الشَّيْطَانُ فِتْنَةً لِلَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ وَالْقَاسِيَةِ قُلُوبُهُمْ ۗ وَإِنَّ الظَّالِمِينَ لَفِي شِقَاقٍ بَعِيدٍ
📘 That He may make what Satan has cast a trial a test for those in whose hearts is a sickness dissension and hypocrisy and those whose hearts are hardened namely the idolaters hardened against acceptance of the truth. For truly the evildoers the disbelievers are steeped in extreme defiance in a protracted feud with the Prophet s and the believers for his tongue uttered mention of their gods in a way that pleased them and yet this was later nullified.
وَلِيَعْلَمَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْعِلْمَ أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ مِنْ رَبِّكَ فَيُؤْمِنُوا بِهِ فَتُخْبِتَ لَهُ قُلُوبُهُمْ ۗ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَهَادِ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِلَىٰ صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ
📘 And that those who have been given knowledge of God’s Oneness and the Qur’ān may know that it the Qur’ān is the truth from your Lord so that they may believe therein and their hearts may find reassurance in it. And assuredly God guides those who believe to a straight path a straight route namely the religion of Islam.
وَلَا يَزَالُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا فِي مِرْيَةٍ مِنْهُ حَتَّىٰ تَأْتِيَهُمُ السَّاعَةُ بَغْتَةً أَوْ يَأْتِيَهُمْ عَذَابُ يَوْمٍ عَقِيمٍ
📘 And those who disbelieve will not cease to be in doubt of it that is the Qur’ān — because of what Satan had cast onto the tongue of the Prophet s and what had thereafter been nullified — until the Hour comes upon them unawares that is the Hour of their death or of resurrection comes upon them suddenly or there come upon them the chastisement of a day of desolation ‘aqīm namely the day of Badr which held nothing of good for disbelievers much like a sterile wind rīh ‘aqīm that bears no good; or it means the Day of Resurrection referred to as ‘desolate’ because thereafter there will be no more night.
الْمُلْكُ يَوْمَئِذٍ لِلَّهِ يَحْكُمُ بَيْنَهُمْ ۚ فَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ فِي جَنَّاتِ النَّعِيمِ
📘 Sovereignty on that day namely on the Day of Resurrection will be God’s alone the sense of God’s ‘consolidation’ of sovereignty on that Day suggested by the clause renders the adverbial qualifier yawma’idhin ‘on that day’ into accusative dependent status. He will judge between them between believers and disbelievers in the way that He explains next Then those who believed and performed righteous deeds will be in Gardens of Bliss as a bounty from God
وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَكَذَّبُوا بِآيَاتِنَا فَأُولَٰئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ مُهِينٌ
📘 while those who disbelieved and denied Our signs for them will be a humiliating chastisement a severe one because of their disbelief.
وَالَّذِينَ هَاجَرُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ قُتِلُوا أَوْ مَاتُوا لَيَرْزُقَنَّهُمُ اللَّهُ رِزْقًا حَسَنًا ۚ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَهُوَ خَيْرُ الرَّازِقِينَ
📘 And those who emigrated in the way of God that is in obedience to Him from emigrating from Mecca to Medina and then were slain or died God shall provide them with a good provision namely the provision of Paradise. Truly God is the best of providers the most excellent of givers.
لَيُدْخِلَنَّهُمْ مُدْخَلًا يَرْضَوْنَهُ ۗ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَعَلِيمٌ حَلِيمٌ
📘 Assuredly He will admit them into a place read mudkhalan or madkhalan respectively signifying the means of entry or the place entered that is pleasing to them and that is Paradise. And truly God is Knowing of their intentions Forbearing in refraining from punishing them.
ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْحَقُّ وَأَنَّهُ يُحْيِي الْمَوْتَىٰ وَأَنَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ
📘 That which is mentioned from the commencement of man’s creation to the end of the description of the earth being revived is because God He is the Truth the Constant the Permanent and because He revives the dead and has power over all things;
۞ ذَٰلِكَ وَمَنْ عَاقَبَ بِمِثْلِ مَا عُوقِبَ بِهِ ثُمَّ بُغِيَ عَلَيْهِ لَيَنْصُرَنَّهُ اللَّهُ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَعَفُوٌّ غَفُورٌ
📘 That which We have related to you is so. And whoever retaliates whoever from among the believers requites with the like of what he was made to suffer at the hands of the idolaters wrongfully that is whoever fights against them if they fight against him during the sacred month and then is again made to suffer aggression by them that is to say he is again wronged by being expelled from his house God will surely help him. Indeed God is Pardoning to believers Forgiving them their engaging in combat during the sacred month.
ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ يُولِجُ اللَّيْلَ فِي النَّهَارِ وَيُولِجُ النَّهَارَ فِي اللَّيْلِ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ بَصِيرٌ
📘 That help is because God makes the night pass into the day and makes the day pass into the night that is to say He makes each enter into the other by increasing the one and decreasing the other which is a sign of His power exalted be He the same power that produces His help and because God is Hearer of the supplications of believers Seer of them giving them faith and responding to their supplications.
ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْحَقُّ وَأَنَّ مَا يَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِهِ هُوَ الْبَاطِلُ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْعَلِيُّ الْكَبِيرُ
📘 That help also is because God He is the Truth the Established Truth and what they call on yad‘ūna; also read tad‘ūna ‘you call on’ what they worship besides Him namely idols that is the False the transient and because God He is the High the One supreme above all things in His power the Great besides Whom all things are insignificant.
أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ أَنْزَلَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً فَتُصْبِحُ الْأَرْضُ مُخْضَرَّةً ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَطِيفٌ خَبِيرٌ
📘 Have you not seen realised that God sends down water rain from the heaven whereupon the earth turns green with plants — and this too is a sign of His power. Indeed God is Subtle in dealing with His servants when He brings forth plants through water Aware of what is in their hearts when the rain is delayed.
لَهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ ۗ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَهُوَ الْغَنِيُّ الْحَمِيدُ
📘 To Him belongs all that is in the heavens and all that is in the earth in terms of ownership. Surely God He is Independent of His servants Praiseworthy to His friends.
أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ سَخَّرَ لَكُمْ مَا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَالْفُلْكَ تَجْرِي فِي الْبَحْرِ بِأَمْرِهِ وَيُمْسِكُ السَّمَاءَ أَنْ تَقَعَ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ بِالنَّاسِ لَرَءُوفٌ رَحِيمٌ
📘 Have you not seen realised that God has disposed for you all that is in the earth of beasts and that the ships run upon the sea for transport and to carry loads by His command by His leave and He holds back the heaven lest it should fall on the earth save when it may do so by His leave and you are destroyed. Surely God is with mankind Gentle Merciful in disposing things for them and holding others back from them.
وَهُوَ الَّذِي أَحْيَاكُمْ ثُمَّ يُمِيتُكُمْ ثُمَّ يُحْيِيكُمْ ۗ إِنَّ الْإِنْسَانَ لَكَفُورٌ
📘 And He it is Who gave you life by originating you then He will cause you to die upon the conclusion of your terms of life then He will give you life again at the Resurrection. Truly man that is truly the idolater is very ungrateful for God’s graces by neglecting to affirm His Oneness.
لِكُلِّ أُمَّةٍ جَعَلْنَا مَنْسَكًا هُمْ نَاسِكُوهُ ۖ فَلَا يُنَازِعُنَّكَ فِي الْأَمْرِ ۚ وَادْعُ إِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ ۖ إِنَّكَ لَعَلَىٰ هُدًى مُسْتَقِيمٍ
📘 For every community We have appointed a holy rite read mansakan or mansikan a Holy Law which they are to observe which they are to implement. So do not let them dispute with you the intended meaning is ‘do not dispute with them’ about the matter namely the matter of the slaughter animal when they said ‘What God has killed is worthier for you to eat than what you killed’; but summon people to your Lord to His religion. Indeed you follow a straight guidance a straight religion.
وَإِنْ جَادَلُوكَ فَقُلِ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ
📘 And if they dispute with you in the matter of religion say ‘God knows best what you do and will requite you for it — this was revealed before the command to fight them.
اللَّهُ يَحْكُمُ بَيْنَكُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فِيمَا كُنْتُمْ فِيهِ تَخْتَلِفُونَ
📘 God will judge between you O believers and disbelievers on the Day of Resurrection concerning that wherein you used to differ’ when each of the two parties would say the opposite of what the other said.
وَأَنَّ السَّاعَةَ آتِيَةٌ لَا رَيْبَ فِيهَا وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ يَبْعَثُ مَنْ فِي الْقُبُورِ
📘 and because the Hour will come whereof there is no doubt uncertainty; and because God will resurrect those who are in the graves.
أَلَمْ تَعْلَمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ مَا فِي السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۗ إِنَّ ذَٰلِكَ فِي كِتَابٍ ۚ إِنَّ ذَٰلِكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ يَسِيرٌ
📘 Do you not know the interrogative here is meant as an affirmative that God knows all that is in the heaven and the earth? Truly that which has been mentioned is recorded in a Book namely the Preserved Tablet al-lawh al-mahfūz. Indeed that namely the knowledge of what has been mentioned is easy for God.
وَيَعْبُدُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ مَا لَمْ يُنَزِّلْ بِهِ سُلْطَانًا وَمَا لَيْسَ لَهُمْ بِهِ عِلْمٌ ۗ وَمَا لِلظَّالِمِينَ مِنْ نَصِيرٍ
📘 And they the idolaters worship besides God that namely idols for which He has never revealed any warrant any definitive proof and that of which they have no knowledge when they claim that these are gods. And those who do evil by way of practising idolatry shall have no helper to protect them against God’s chastisement.
وَإِذَا تُتْلَىٰ عَلَيْهِمْ آيَاتُنَا بَيِّنَاتٍ تَعْرِفُ فِي وُجُوهِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا الْمُنْكَرَ ۖ يَكَادُونَ يَسْطُونَ بِالَّذِينَ يَتْلُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ آيَاتِنَا ۗ قُلْ أَفَأُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِشَرٍّ مِنْ ذَٰلِكُمُ ۗ النَّارُ وَعَدَهَا اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا ۖ وَبِئْسَ الْمَصِيرُ
📘 And when Our signs in the Qur’ān are recited to them though they are clear manifest signs bayyinātin a circumstantial qualifier you perceive on the faces of those who disbelieve denial that is to say denial of these signs in other words you perceive the effect of such denial in the way of aversion and frowning. They would almost pounce upon those who recite Our signs to them that is they would almost fall upon them in assault. Say ‘Shall I inform you about something worse than that? something more repulsive to you than the Qur’ān that is being recited to you? It is The Fire! God has promised it to the disbelievers in that their journey’s end shall be to it. And it is an evil journey’s end!’
يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ ضُرِبَ مَثَلٌ فَاسْتَمِعُوا لَهُ ۚ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ لَنْ يَخْلُقُوا ذُبَابًا وَلَوِ اجْتَمَعُوا لَهُ ۖ وَإِنْ يَسْلُبْهُمُ الذُّبَابُ شَيْئًا لَا يَسْتَنْقِذُوهُ مِنْهُ ۚ ضَعُفَ الطَّالِبُ وَالْمَطْلُوبُ
📘 O mankind that is to say O people of Mecca a similitude is being struck so listen to it and it is that truly those on whom you call whom you worship besides God that is other than Him and these are the idols will never create a fly dhubāb is a generic noun the singular of which is dhubāba for both the masculine and the feminine even if they rallied together to do so to create it. And if a fly should take away something from them such as a drop of the scents or the saffron in which they drench themselves they would not be able to recover that from it because of their complete incapacity so how can they worship those whom they suppose to be partners of God exalted be He? An odd thing — which He has expressed by striking a similitude. Feeble is the seeker the worshipper and the thing sought the thing worshipped!
مَا قَدَرُوا اللَّهَ حَقَّ قَدْرِهِ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَقَوِيٌّ عَزِيزٌ
📘 They do not esteem God exalt Him with the esteem He deserves with the exaltedness He deserves for they ascribe to Him partners who can neither protect themselves from a fly nor retaliate against it. Truly God is Strong Mighty Victor.
اللَّهُ يَصْطَفِي مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ رُسُلًا وَمِنَ النَّاسِ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ بَصِيرٌ
📘 God chooses from the angels messengers and also chooses from mankind messengers — this was revealed after the idolaters said Has the Remembrance been revealed to him out of all of us? Q. 388. Truly God is Hearer of what they say Seer of those whom He chooses as messengers such as Gabriel Michael Abraham Muhammad (s) and others may God bless them and grant them peace.
يَعْلَمُ مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمَا خَلْفَهُمْ ۗ وَإِلَى اللَّهِ تُرْجَعُ الْأُمُورُ
📘 He knows that which is before them and that which is behind them in other words what they have offered in the way of deeds and what they have left behind and what they have done and what they will do next; and to God all matters are returned.
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا ارْكَعُوا وَاسْجُدُوا وَاعْبُدُوا رَبَّكُمْ وَافْعَلُوا الْخَيْرَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ ۩
📘 O you who believe bow down and prostrate yourselves in other words perform prayer and worship your Lord affirm His Oneness and do good such as showing kindness to kin and the adoption of noble traits that perhaps you may be prosperous that perhaps you may secure everlasting life in Paradise.
وَجَاهِدُوا فِي اللَّهِ حَقَّ جِهَادِهِ ۚ هُوَ اجْتَبَاكُمْ وَمَا جَعَلَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ مِنْ حَرَجٍ ۚ مِلَّةَ أَبِيكُمْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ۚ هُوَ سَمَّاكُمُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مِنْ قَبْلُ وَفِي هَٰذَا لِيَكُونَ الرَّسُولُ شَهِيدًا عَلَيْكُمْ وَتَكُونُوا شُهَدَاءَ عَلَى النَّاسِ ۚ فَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتُوا الزَّكَاةَ وَاعْتَصِمُوا بِاللَّهِ هُوَ مَوْلَاكُمْ ۖ فَنِعْمَ الْمَوْلَىٰ وَنِعْمَ النَّصِيرُ
📘 And struggle in the way of God in order to establish His religion a struggle worthy of Him by expending all effort therein haqqa is in the accusative because it is a verbal noun. He has elected you He has chosen you for His religion and has not laid upon you in your religion any hardship that is any constraint for He has facilitated adherence to it during times of difficulty such as His permitting you to shorten prayers to seek ritual purification from earth to eat of carrion and to break the fast during illness or travel — the creed of your father millata is in the accusative because the genitive preposition kāf sc. ka-millati ‘like the creed of’ has been omitted Abraham Ibrāhīma an explicative supplement. He that is God named you Muslims before that is before the revelation of this Book and in this that is in the Qur’ān so that the Messenger might be a witness against you on the Day of Resurrection that he delivered the Message to you and that you might be witnesses against mankind that their messengers delivered the Message to them. So maintain prayer observe it regularly and pay the alms and hold fast to God trust in Him. He is your Patron your Helper and the Guardian of your affairs. An excellent Patron is He and an excellent Helper for you.
وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يُجَادِلُ فِي اللَّهِ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ وَلَا هُدًى وَلَا كِتَابٍ مُنِيرٍ
📘 The following was revealed regarding Abū Jahl And among mankind there are some who dispute about God without any knowledge or guidance being with him or an enlightening Scripture one containing light being with him
ثَانِيَ عِطْفِهِ لِيُضِلَّ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ۖ لَهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا خِزْيٌ ۖ وَنُذِيقُهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ عَذَابَ الْحَرِيقِ
📘 turning aside thāniya ‘itfihi a circumstantial qualifier meaning ‘turning his neck aside in disdain of belief; al-ītf means ‘a side’ and can be either the left or the right to go astray read li-yadilla; or li-yudilla ‘to lead others astray’ from the way of God that is from His religion. For him there will be ignominy chastisement in this world — thus he Abū Jahl was slain on the day of Badr — and on the Day of Resurrection We shall make him taste the chastisement of the burning that is the chastisement of being burnt in the Fire and it shall be said to him
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