🕋 تفسير سورة الحشر
(Al-Hashr) • المصدر: EN-TAFSIR-AL-TUSTARI
لَا يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ جَمِيعًا إِلَّا فِي قُرًى مُحَصَّنَةٍ أَوْ مِنْ وَرَاءِ جُدُرٍ ۚ بَأْسُهُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ شَدِيدٌ ۚ تَحْسَبُهُمْ جَمِيعًا وَقُلُوبُهُمْ شَتَّىٰ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ لَا يَعْقِلُونَ
📘 �You [would] suppose them to be together, but their hearts are disunited�He said:The people of truth are united and the people of falsehood are forever divided. And even though they be united in body and agree outwardly, God has said: You [would] suppose them to be altogether, but their hearts are disunited.His words, Exalted is He:
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَلْتَنْظُرْ نَفْسٌ مَا قَدَّمَتْ لِغَدٍ ۖ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَبِيرٌ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ
📘 O you who believe, be mindful of God, and let every soul consider what it has sent ahead for tomorrow�He said:God, Exalted is He, asks the servant concerning [these three]: that which he owes to his self (ḥaqq nafsihi), that which he owes to the knowledge (ʿilm) that is between him and his Lord, and that which he owes to the intellect (ʿaql). Let whoever has the ability fulfil what he owes to his self and what he owes to the knowledge which is between him and his Lord, by considering well the outcome of his affairs.It was related of Ḥasan that he said, �When a son of Adam [i.e. a human being] dies, the children of Adam [the other human beings] ask, �What has he left behind?� But the angels ask, �What has he sent ahead?� His words:
وَلَا تَكُونُوا كَالَّذِينَ نَسُوا اللَّهَ فَأَنْسَاهُمْ أَنْفُسَهُمْ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْفَاسِقُونَ
📘 And do not be like those who forget God�while committing sins, �so that He makes them forget. God [makes them forget] to apologise (iʿtidhār) and seek repentance (tawba).He said:Any servant who sins and does not repent, [will find] that sin leading him on to another sin, which will cause him to forget the former sin. On the other hand, any servant who does a gooddeed [will find] that leading him to another good deed, upon which his intellect will perceive the deficiency of the former good deed, so that he may repent for the deficiency in his past good deeds, even if they were pure and sound.His words, Exalted is He:
هُوَ الَّذِي أَخْرَجَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ لِأَوَّلِ الْحَشْرِ ۚ مَا ظَنَنْتُمْ أَنْ يَخْرُجُوا ۖ وَظَنُّوا أَنَّهُمْ مَانِعَتُهُمْ حُصُونُهُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ فَأَتَاهُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَمْ يَحْتَسِبُوا ۖ وَقَذَفَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ الرُّعْبَ ۚ يُخْرِبُونَ بُيُوتَهُمْ بِأَيْدِيهِمْ وَأَيْدِي الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَاعْتَبِرُوا يَا أُولِي الْأَبْصَارِ
📘 �Their homes were destroyed at their own hands and at the hands of the believers� He said:That is, they ruined their hearts and invalidated their works by following innovations and abandoning the path of following the prophets. And the hands of the believers, that is, despite being side by side with the believers, witnessing them and sitting with them, they were deprived of their blessings. So take heed, O you who have eyes, that God leads astray whomever He will [35:8], through abandonment (khidhlān), and guides whomever He will [35:8], through His assistance (maʿūna), and you have no influence in the matter.His words, Exalted is He:
هُوَ اللَّهُ الَّذِي لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ۖ عَالِمُ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَادَةِ ۖ هُوَ الرَّحْمَٰنُ الرَّحِيمُ
📘 (He is)�Knower of the unseen and the visible�He said:The unseen (ghayb) is that which is secret (sirr) and the visible (shahāda) is that which is open [to all] (ʿalāniyya). He also said, Exalted is He: (He is)�Knower of the unseen and the visible [meaning]: He is the One who has full knowledge of this world and the Hereafter.But God, Glorified and Exalted is He, knows best.His words, Exalted is He:
مَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقُرَىٰ فَلِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي الْقُرْبَىٰ وَالْيَتَامَىٰ وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ كَيْ لَا يَكُونَ دُولَةً بَيْنَ الْأَغْنِيَاءِ مِنْكُمْ ۚ وَمَا آتَاكُمُ الرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وَمَا نَهَاكُمْ عَنْهُ فَانْتَهُوا ۚ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ ۖ إِنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ
📘 �And whatever the Messenger gives you, take it, and whatever he forbids you, abstain from it�He said:The principles of our school are three: consuming what is legitimate; following the example of the Messenger in his character (akhlāq) and actions (afʿāl), and sincerity of intention (ikhlāṣ al-nīya) in all works. He then said:Impose upon yourselves three things, for the best of [all] that is in this world and the Hereafter is contained within them: keeping [your self] close to [lit. making it consort with, suḥbatuhā] His commandments and prohibitions by adherence to the Sunna; establishing within it the attestation of God�s oneness, which [brings about] certainty (yaqīn), [and imposing upon it] knowledge (ʿilm), through which the spirit attains union (fīhi ittiṣāl al-rūḥ). The one who possessesthese three [traits] is more knowledgeable about what is in the earth�s core than about what is on its surface, and he regards the Hereafter more than he regards this world. Furthermore, he is better known to the angels in heaven than he is on earth to his own family and relatives.He was asked: �What is the knowledge through which the spirit attains union?� [He replied]:It is the knowledge that God is taking care of it, and being contented [with that]. His words, Exalted is He:
وَالَّذِينَ تَبَوَّءُوا الدَّارَ وَالْإِيمَانَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ يُحِبُّونَ مَنْ هَاجَرَ إِلَيْهِمْ وَلَا يَجِدُونَ فِي صُدُورِهِمْ حَاجَةً مِمَّا أُوتُوا وَيُؤْثِرُونَ عَلَىٰ أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَلَوْ كَانَ بِهِمْ خَصَاصَةٌ ۚ وَمَنْ يُوقَ شُحَّ نَفْسِهِ فَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ
📘 �They give preference to others over themselves, even if they be in poverty (khaṣāṣa)� He said:That is, in hunger (majāʿa) and poverty (faqr). The Arabs say a person is makhṣūṣ when he is poor (faqīr). Thus they gave preference to the good pleasure of God over their own desires. The act of giving preference to others over yourself (īthār) is the testimony (shāhid) of love.The saying has been related from Wuhayb b. al-Ward: �God, Exalted is He, says, �By My might, greatness and majesty, there is no servant who gives preference to My desire over his own desire, without My decreasing his worries, returning to him what he has lost, removing want from his heart, placing richness before his eyes, and trading in his interest through every trader. And by My might and majesty, there is no servant who gives preference to his own desire over My desire, without My increasing his worries, keeping him at a distance from what he has lost, removing richness from his heart and placing poverty before his eyes, and then I care not in which valley he may perish.�� His words, Exalted is He:�Whoever is saved from the avarice (shuḥḥ) of his own soul � they are the successful.He said:That is, he who is saved from the covetousness (ḥirṣ) of his self and its miserliness (bakhl) in everything except God and His remembrance, will abide with God, enjoying a good life, a good life.His words, Exalted is He:
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