📘 Blessed be He in whose hand is all sovereignty�He said:That is, Exalted and Magnified is He above having likenesses, sons and rivals. He in whose hand is all sovereignty turns it over through His power (ḥawl) and strength (quwwa), grantingit to whomever He will and removing it from whomever He will, and He is All-Powerful (al-Qādir) over it.His words, Exalted is He:�and He has power over all things,! He who created death and life�He said:Death in this world is in disobedience, and life in the Hereafter is in obedience. It was for this reason that God, Exalted is He, addressed Moses saying, �O Moses, truly the first of my creatures to die was Iblīs, may God�s curse be on him, because he disobeyed Me, and I count the one who disobeys Me as being from among the dead.�Then he said:Death was created in the form of a handsome ram (kabsh amlaḥ). Whatever it passes by and [merely] catches a whiff of it, lives. It has been related in a tradition that the people of Paradise will fear death but the people of Hell will wish for death. It will be brought in the form of a handsomeram. Then it will be said, �This is death, so behold what God is going to do with it.� Then it will be turned on its side and slaughtered. Thereupon God, Exalted is He, will [re] make it in the form of a horse which will be set free to graze in Paradise. Whoever among the inhabitants of Paradise sees it will enjoy its company, without realising that it is death. His words, Exalted is He:

📘 Assuredly those who fear their Lord in secret�That is, they fear their Lord in their innermost secret (sirr), and they keep their innermost secret pure from other than Him.His words, Exalted is He:

📘 Would He who has created not know�?Does the One who created the heart not know what He deposited within it, [whether it be] the attestation of His oneness (tawḥīd) or denial (juḥūd). He is the Subtle, in His knowledge of the secrets concealed within the core of hearts (lubb al-qulūb), just as the Prophet said, �Truly within hearts there is a concealed secret (sirr maknūn) pertaining to knowledge, which belongs to God, Exalted is He�; the Aware � He informs you of what is [hidden for] you in the unseen (fī ghaybik).His words, Exalted is He:

📘 It is He who has made the earth tractable for you�He said:God, Exalted is He, created the souls (anfūs) in a humble state. Whoever abases (adhalla) his self (nafs) by opposing it, actually saves it from temptations, tribulations and trials. However, whoeverdebases (adhalla) his self and follows it, will be brought to humiliation and destroyed by it.His words, Mighty and Majestic is He:

📘 ..and He has power over all things,! He who created death and life�He said:Death in this world is in disobedience, and life in the Hereafter is in obedience. It was for this reason that God, Exalted is He, addressed Moses saying, �O Moses, truly the first of my creatures to die was Iblīs, may God�s curse be on him, because he disobeyed Me, and I count the one who disobeys Me as being from among the dead.�Then he said:Death was created in the form of a handsome ram (kabsh amlaḥ). Whatever it passes by and [merely] catches a whiff of it, lives. It has been related in a tradition that the people of Paradise will fear death but the people of Hell will wish for death. It will be brought in the form of a handsomeram. Then it will be said, �This is death, so behold what God is going to do with it.� Then it will be turned on its side and slaughtered. Thereupon God, Exalted is He, will [re] make it in the form of a horse which will be set free to graze in Paradise. Whoever among the inhabitants of Paradise sees it will enjoy its company, without realising that it is death. His words, Exalted is He:�that He may try you [to see] which of you is best in conduct�He said:That is, I keep him from error and I purify him. If he is correct [in conduct] but not sincere, he will not be accepted; ⸢while if he is sincere, but not correct [in conduct] he will not be accepted either⸣. [He will not be accepted] until he is at the same time correct and sincere [in his conduct].The one who is sincere (khāliṣ) is he who [lives] for God, Exalted is He, with the full intention (irāda) of his heart, while the one who is correct (ṣawāb) is he who is on the path of the Sunna and [lives] in accordance with the Book.On another occasion he [Sahl] said:that He may try you [to see] which of you is best in conduct, that is, in putting your trust in Us, being satisfied with Us and journeying [to Us] after the renunciation of this world.

📘 Is he who walks prone upon his face, more rightly guided�?He said:Is he who is bent over [in pursuit] of the desire of his lower self, due to its natural disposition, and who is without guidance from his Lord, better guided?�or one who walks upright on a straight way?He said:By which is meant: or one who follows the laws of Islam, and emulates the prophets, ⸢adhering to it [the straight path] (muqīman ʿalayhi)⸣? But God, Glorified and Exalted is He, knows best. His words, Exalted is He: