🕋 تفسير سورة المؤمنون
(Al-Muminun) • المصدر: EN-TAFSIR-IBN-ABBAS
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ قَدْ أَفْلَحَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ
📘 And from his narration on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas that he said regarding the meaning of Allah, Exalted is He, (Successful indeed are the believers): '(Successful indeed are the believers) He says: they are successful, safe and felicitous the ones who acknowledge Allah's divine Oneness. The latter are the ones who inherit Paradise, rather than the disbelievers; it is also said that this means: the believers will be safe due to their faith, and felicity is manifested in two ways: success and permanence.
أُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْوَارِثُونَ
📘 (These) those whose traits are thus (are the heirs) the dwellers,
لَعَلِّي أَعْمَلُ صَالِحًا فِيمَا تَرَكْتُ ۚ كَلَّا ۚ إِنَّهَا كَلِمَةٌ هُوَ قَائِلُهَا ۖ وَمِنْ وَرَائِهِمْ بَرْزَخٌ إِلَىٰ يَوْمِ يُبْعَثُونَ
📘 (That I may do right) and believe in You (in that which I have left behind) in the life of the world and disbelieved in! (But nay!) he will not be returned to the life of the world. (It) his saying: �Return me that I may do right� (is but a word that he speaketh) is just a mere expression that he utters and which will not benefit him; (and behind them) in front of them (is a barrier) the grave (until the day when they are raised) from the graves.
فَإِذَا نُفِخَ فِي الصُّورِ فَلَا أَنْسَابَ بَيْنَهُمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ وَلَا يَتَسَاءَلُونَ
📘 (And when the trumpet is blown) the blowing of the resurrection (there will be no kinship among them) people's common lineage will be of no benefit (that day) the Day of Judgement, (nor will they ask of one another) nor will they ask about that.
فَمَنْ ثَقُلَتْ مَوَازِينُهُ فَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ
📘 Then those whose scales are heavy) with good works, (they are the successful) the ones who will escape Allah's wrath and chastisement.
وَمَنْ خَفَّتْ مَوَازِينُهُ فَأُولَٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ خَسِرُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ فِي جَهَنَّمَ خَالِدُونَ
📘 (And those whose scales are light) with good works (are those who lose their souls, in hell abiding) forever, neither to die or leave.
تَلْفَحُ وُجُوهَهُمُ النَّارُ وَهُمْ فِيهَا كَالِحُونَ
📘 (The fire burneth their faces) their faces are beaten up, and their flesh and bones are consumed by the Fire, (and they are glum) their faces are dark and their eyes blue (therein) in hell.
أَلَمْ تَكُنْ آيَاتِي تُتْلَىٰ عَلَيْكُمْ فَكُنْتُمْ بِهَا تُكَذِّبُونَ
📘 Allah says to them: (Were not My revelations) the Qur'an (recited unto you) in the life of the world, (and then ye used to deny them) and you used to disbelieve in the revelations?
قَالُوا رَبَّنَا غَلَبَتْ عَلَيْنَا شِقْوَتُنَا وَكُنَّا قَوْمًا ضَالِّينَ
📘 (They will say) the disbelievers will say upon entering hell: (Our Lord!) O our Lord! (Our evil fortune) which was decreed upon us in the Guarded Tablet (conquered us) this is why we did not believe, (and we were erring folk) and we were disbelievers.
رَبَّنَا أَخْرِجْنَا مِنْهَا فَإِنْ عُدْنَا فَإِنَّا ظَالِمُونَ
📘 (Our Lord!) O our Lord! (Oh, bring us forth from hence) take us out of hell! (If we return) to disbelief (then indeed we shall be wrong-doers) then we will be transgressing against ourselves.
قَالَ اخْسَئُوا فِيهَا وَلَا تُكَلِّمُونِ
📘 (He saith) Allah says to them: (Be gone therein) be abased in hell, (and speak not unto Me) and do not ask Me to get you out of hell.
إِنَّهُ كَانَ فَرِيقٌ مِنْ عِبَادِي يَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَا آمَنَّا فَاغْفِرْ لَنَا وَارْحَمْنَا وَأَنْتَ خَيْرُ الرَّاحِمِينَ
📘 (Lo! there was a party of My) believing (slaves who said: Our Lord!) O our Lord! (We believe) in You, in Your Messenger and in Your Book, (therefore forgive us) our sins (and have mercy on us) by not punishing us (for Thou art Best of all who show mercy) You are more merciful towards us than our own parents;
الَّذِينَ يَرِثُونَ الْفِرْدَوْسَ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ
📘 (Who will inherit) who will dwell in (Paradise) the chamber the Beneficent: (There they will abide) in Paradise forever, never to die or come out.
فَاتَّخَذْتُمُوهُمْ سِخْرِيًّا حَتَّىٰ أَنْسَوْكُمْ ذِكْرِي وَكُنْتُمْ مِنْهُمْ تَضْحَكُونَ
📘 (But ye chose them from a laughing stock until they caused you to forget remembrance of Me) until they preoccupied you from declaring My divine Oneness and worshipping Me, (while ye laughed at them) and mocked them.
إِنِّي جَزَيْتُهُمُ الْيَوْمَ بِمَا صَبَرُوا أَنَّهُمْ هُمُ الْفَائِزُونَ
📘 (Lo! I have rewarded them this day) with Paradise (forasmuch as they were steadfast) in obeying me and withholding your harm; (and they verily are the triumphant) they have gained Paradise and become safe from hell. This verse was revealed about Abu Jahl and his host who mocked Salman [al-Farisi] and his fellow-believers
قَالَ كَمْ لَبِثْتُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ عَدَدَ سِنِينَ
📘 (He will say) Allah will say to them: (How long tarried you) how long have you remained (in the earth) in your graves, (counting by years) how many days and months?
قَالُوا لَبِثْنَا يَوْمًا أَوْ بَعْضَ يَوْمٍ فَاسْأَلِ الْعَادِّينَ
📘 (They will say: We tarried but a day) upon saying this, they will have some doubt, and therefore will say: (or part of a day). Then, they said: we do not know: (Ask of those who keep count!) i.e. the angels who record people's deeds; it is also said that this refers to the angel of death and his helpers.
قَالَ إِنْ لَبِثْتُمْ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا ۖ لَوْ أَنَّكُمْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ
📘 (He will say) Allah will say to them: (Ye tarried) you remained in your graves (but a little) in comparison to your dwelling in hell (if ye only knew) this; He says: if you only believe what I say; it is also said that this means: if only you did believe in My prophets in the life of the world, you would know now that you remained in your graves but a short time.
أَفَحَسِبْتُمْ أَنَّمَا خَلَقْنَاكُمْ عَبَثًا وَأَنَّكُمْ إِلَيْنَا لَا تُرْجَعُونَ
📘 (Deemed ye then) O people of Mecca (that We had created you for naught) in vain, without commands and prohibitions, reward and punishment, (and that ye would not be returned unto Us) after you die?
فَتَعَالَى اللَّهُ الْمَلِكُ الْحَقُّ ۖ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ رَبُّ الْعَرْشِ الْكَرِيمِ
📘 (Now Allah be exalted) Allah is exonerated from and far above having a son or partner, (the True King! There is no God save Him, the Lord of the Throne of Grace.
وَمَنْ يَدْعُ مَعَ اللَّهِ إِلَٰهًا آخَرَ لَا بُرْهَانَ لَهُ بِهِ فَإِنَّمَا حِسَابُهُ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِ ۚ إِنَّهُ لَا يُفْلِحُ الْكَافِرُونَ
📘 He who crieth unto) worships (any other god) among idols (along with Allah hath no proof thereof) no proof for worshipping other than Allah. (His reckoning) his chastisement (is only with his Lord) in the Hereafter. (Lo! disbelievers will not be successful) disbelievers will not be safe from Allah's chastisement nor escape from it.
وَقُلْ رَبِّ اغْفِرْ وَارْحَمْ وَأَنْتَ خَيْرُ الرَّاحِمِينَ
📘 (And say) O Muhammad: (My Lord! Forgive) my nation (and have mercy) on my nation by not punishing them, (for Thou art Best of all who show mercy) the most Merciful of all who show mercy'.
وَلَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا الْإِنْسَانَ مِنْ سُلَالَةٍ مِنْ طِينٍ
📘 (Verily We created man) the son of Adam (from a product of wet earth);
ثُمَّ جَعَلْنَاهُ نُطْفَةً فِي قَرَارٍ مَكِينٍ
📘 (Then placed him as a drop (of seed) in a safe lodging) in the womb of his mother for forty days;
ثُمَّ خَلَقْنَا النُّطْفَةَ عَلَقَةً فَخَلَقْنَا الْعَلَقَةَ مُضْغَةً فَخَلَقْنَا الْمُضْغَةَ عِظَامًا فَكَسَوْنَا الْعِظَامَ لَحْمًا ثُمَّ أَنْشَأْنَاهُ خَلْقًا آخَرَ ۚ فَتَبَارَكَ اللَّهُ أَحْسَنُ الْخَالِقِينَ
📘 (Then fashioned We) then We transformed (the drop) into (a clot) for another forty days, (then fashioned We) then We transformed (the clot) into (a little lump) for forty days, (then fashioned We) the We transformed (the little lump) into (bones) without flesh, (then clothed the bones with flesh) joints, veins and other things, (and then produced it another creation) and then We placed in it the spirit. (So blessed be Allah, the Best of Creators) the Best of Transformers!
ثُمَّ إِنَّكُمْ بَعْدَ ذَٰلِكَ لَمَيِّتُونَ
📘 (Then lo! after that ye surely die.
ثُمَّ إِنَّكُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ تُبْعَثُونَ
📘 Then lo! on the Day of Resurrection ye are raised (again)) you will be given life again.
وَلَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا فَوْقَكُمْ سَبْعَ طَرَائِقَ وَمَا كُنَّا عَنِ الْخَلْقِ غَافِلِينَ
📘 (And We have created above you seven paths) seven heavens, some above others like a dome, (and We are never unmindful of creation) leaving them without commands and prohibitions.
وَأَنْزَلْنَا مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً بِقَدَرٍ فَأَسْكَنَّاهُ فِي الْأَرْضِ ۖ وَإِنَّا عَلَىٰ ذَهَابٍ بِهِ لَقَادِرُونَ
📘 (And We send down from the sky water) rain (in measure) of livelihood; and it is also said that this means: in proportion of what you need, (and We give it lodging) and We deposit it (in the earth) thus making from it pools, fountains, rivers and brooks, (and lo! We are able to withdraw it) and We are Able to leave it unused in the depth of the earth.
فَأَنْشَأْنَا لَكُمْ بِهِ جَنَّاتٍ مِنْ نَخِيلٍ وَأَعْنَابٍ لَكُمْ فِيهَا فَوَاكِهُ كَثِيرَةٌ وَمِنْهَا تَأْكُلُونَ
📘 (Then We produce for you therewith) by means of water (gardens of date-palms and grapes, wherein) in the gardens (is much fruit) many kinds of fruit (for you and whereof) and of these kinds of fruit (ye eat;
الَّذِينَ هُمْ فِي صَلَاتِهِمْ خَاشِعُونَ
📘 Then Allah mentioned the traits of the believers, saying: (Who are humble in their prayers) turning neither to the right nor to the left, nor raise their hands while praying,
وَشَجَرَةً تَخْرُجُ مِنْ طُورِ سَيْنَاءَ تَنْبُتُ بِالدُّهْنِ وَصِبْغٍ لِلْآكِلِينَ
📘 And a tree) and by means of water a tree grows, this refers to the olive tree (that springeth forth from Mount Sinai) that springs forth from the mountain which is covered with trees (that groweth oil and relish for the eaters.
وَإِنَّ لَكُمْ فِي الْأَنْعَامِ لَعِبْرَةً ۖ نُسْقِيكُمْ مِمَّا فِي بُطُونِهَا وَلَكُمْ فِيهَا مَنَافِعُ كَثِيرَةٌ وَمِنْهَا تَأْكُلُونَ
📘 And lo! in the cattle there is verily a lesson for you) in the cattle there is a sign for you. (We give you to drink of that which is in their bellies) of their milk which comes forth from between manure and blood as limpid milk, (and many uses have ye in them) in riding and transporting your loads on them, (and of them) of their meat and milk (do you eat;
وَعَلَيْهَا وَعَلَى الْفُلْكِ تُحْمَلُونَ
📘 And on them) and on camels, on land (and on the ship) in the sea (you are carried) you travel.
وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا نُوحًا إِلَىٰ قَوْمِهِ فَقَالَ يَا قَوْمِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ مَا لَكُمْ مِنْ إِلَٰهٍ غَيْرُهُ ۖ أَفَلَا تَتَّقُونَ
📘 (And We verily sent Noah unto his folk, and he said: O my people! Serve Allah) profess Allah's divine Oneness. (Ye have no other god save Him) save the One in whom I command you to believe. (Will ye not ward off (evil)) the worship of other than Allah?
فَقَالَ الْمَلَأُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ قَوْمِهِ مَا هَٰذَا إِلَّا بَشَرٌ مِثْلُكُمْ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَتَفَضَّلَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَأَنْزَلَ مَلَائِكَةً مَا سَمِعْنَا بِهَٰذَا فِي آبَائِنَا الْأَوَّلِينَ
📘 (But the chieftains of his folk, who disbelieved, said: This) i.e. Noah (is only a mortal) a human being (like you who would make himself superior to you) through the message and prophethood. (Had Allah willed) to send us a messenger, (He surely could have sent down angels) one of the angels. (We heard not of this) that which Noah is saying (in the case) in the time (of our fathers of old).
إِنْ هُوَ إِلَّا رَجُلٌ بِهِ جِنَّةٌ فَتَرَبَّصُوا بِهِ حَتَّىٰ حِينٍ
📘 (He) i.e. Noah (is only a man in whom is a madness, so watch him) so wait (for a while) until he dies.
قَالَ رَبِّ انْصُرْنِي بِمَا كَذَّبُونِ
📘 (He said) Noah said: (My Lord!) O my Lord! (Help me) through sending a punishment upon them (because they deny me) because of their denial of the message.
فَأَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْهِ أَنِ اصْنَعِ الْفُلْكَ بِأَعْيُنِنَا وَوَحْيِنَا فَإِذَا جَاءَ أَمْرُنَا وَفَارَ التَّنُّورُ ۙ فَاسْلُكْ فِيهَا مِنْ كُلٍّ زَوْجَيْنِ اثْنَيْنِ وَأَهْلَكَ إِلَّا مَنْ سَبَقَ عَلَيْهِ الْقَوْلُ مِنْهُمْ ۖ وَلَا تُخَاطِبْنِي فِي الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا ۖ إِنَّهُمْ مُغْرَقُونَ
📘 (Then We inspired in him) We sent Gabriel to him, (saying: Make the ship) saying: start building a ship (under Our eyes) under Our gaze (and Our inspiration) and through that which We inspired you. (Then, when Our command) Our punishment (cometh and the oven gusheth water) and the water gushes out of the oven (al-Tannur); it is also said that this means: when dawn breaks, (introduce therein) transport in the ship (of every (kind) two spouses) of every kind: a male and a female, (and thy household) and take those of your household who believe in you (save him thereof against whom the Word) that they will be chastised (hath already gone forth. And plead not with Me) by means of supplications (on behalf of those who have done wrong) i.e. to save those who disbelieved among your people: (Lo! they will be drowned) in the flood.
فَإِذَا اسْتَوَيْتَ أَنْتَ وَمَنْ مَعَكَ عَلَى الْفُلْكِ فَقُلِ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي نَجَّانَا مِنَ الْقَوْمِ الظَّالِمِينَ
📘 (And when thou art on board the ship, thou and whoso is with thee) of the believers, (then say: Praise be to Allah) gratitude is due to Allah (Who hath saved us from the wrong-doing folk!) who has saved us from the disbelievers!
وَقُلْ رَبِّ أَنْزِلْنِي مُنْزَلًا مُبَارَكًا وَأَنْتَ خَيْرُ الْمُنْزِلِينَ
📘 (And say) when you come off the ship: (My Lord! Cause me to land at a blessed landing place) blessed with water and trees, (for Thou art Best of all who bring to land) in the life of this world and in the Hereafter.
وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ عَنِ اللَّغْوِ مُعْرِضُونَ
📘 (And who shun vain conversation) and refrain from falsehood and lying,
إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ وَإِنْ كُنَّا لَمُبْتَلِينَ
📘 (Lo! Herein) in that which We did to them (verily are portents) are signs and admonitions for the people of Mecca in order for them to emulate, (for lo! We are ever putting (mankind) to the test) with misfortunes; and it is also said that this means: with punishment.
ثُمَّ أَنْشَأْنَا مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ قَرْنًا آخَرِينَ
📘 (Then, after them) after the destruction of Noah's people, (We brought forth another generation) different people;
فَأَرْسَلْنَا فِيهِمْ رَسُولًا مِنْهُمْ أَنِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ مَا لَكُمْ مِنْ إِلَٰهٍ غَيْرُهُ ۖ أَفَلَا تَتَّقُونَ
📘 (And We sent among them) and We sent to them (a messenger of their own) of their own lineage (saying: Serve Allah) saying: declare Allah's divine Oneness. (Ye have no other god save Him) you have no other god except the One in Whom I command you to believe. (Will ye not ward off (evil)) the worship of other than Allah?
وَقَالَ الْمَلَأُ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَكَذَّبُوا بِلِقَاءِ الْآخِرَةِ وَأَتْرَفْنَاهُمْ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا مَا هَٰذَا إِلَّا بَشَرٌ مِثْلُكُمْ يَأْكُلُ مِمَّا تَأْكُلُونَ مِنْهُ وَيَشْرَبُ مِمَّا تَشْرَبُونَ
📘 (And the chieftains of his folk) of the folk of the messenger, (who disbelieved and denied the meeting of the Hereafter) and disbelieved in resurrection after death, (and whom We had made soft) whom We blessed with wealth and offspring (in the life of the world, said: This) i.e. this Messenger (is only a mortal) a human being (like you, who eateth of that whereof you eat) who eats as you eat (and drinketh of that ye drink) and drinks as you do.
وَلَئِنْ أَطَعْتُمْ بَشَرًا مِثْلَكُمْ إِنَّكُمْ إِذًا لَخَاسِرُونَ
📘 (If ye were to obey a mortal) a human being (like yourselves, ye surely would be losers) you would be ignorant and losers.
أَيَعِدُكُمْ أَنَّكُمْ إِذَا مِتُّمْ وَكُنْتُمْ تُرَابًا وَعِظَامًا أَنَّكُمْ مُخْرَجُونَ
📘 (Doth he) does this Messenger (promise you that you, when ye are dead and have become dust) after death (and bones) and decayed bones, (will (again) be brought forth) will be brought back to life after death?
۞ هَيْهَاتَ هَيْهَاتَ لِمَا تُوعَدُونَ
📘 (Be gone, be gone, with that which ye are promised!) how farfetched, how farfetched! This will never be.
إِنْ هِيَ إِلَّا حَيَاتُنَا الدُّنْيَا نَمُوتُ وَنَحْيَا وَمَا نَحْنُ بِمَبْعُوثِينَ
📘 (There is naught but our life of the world; we die and we live) the fathers die and their children live, (and we shall not be raised (again)) after we die.
إِنْ هُوَ إِلَّا رَجُلٌ افْتَرَىٰ عَلَى اللَّهِ كَذِبًا وَمَا نَحْنُ لَهُ بِمُؤْمِنِينَ
📘 (He is only a man) they mean the Messenger is only a man (who hath invented a lie about Allah) in that which he says. (We are not going to put faith in him) we are not going to believe what he says.
قَالَ رَبِّ انْصُرْنِي بِمَا كَذَّبُونِ
📘 (He said) the Messenger said: (My Lord! Help me) by sending punishment on them (because they deny me) because they disbelieve in my message,
وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ لِلزَّكَاةِ فَاعِلُونَ
📘 (And who are payers of the poor-due) and give the poor-due from their wealth;
قَالَ عَمَّا قَلِيلٍ لَيُصْبِحُنَّ نَادِمِينَ
📘 (He said) Allah said: (In a little while they surely will become repentant) they will regret their disbelief when the chastisement seizes them.
فَأَخَذَتْهُمُ الصَّيْحَةُ بِالْحَقِّ فَجَعَلْنَاهُمْ غُثَاءً ۚ فَبُعْدًا لِلْقَوْمِ الظَّالِمِينَ
📘 (So the (Awful) Cry overtook them rightfully) i.e. the punishment, which is the cry of Gabriel, seized them, (and We made them) when the chastisement stopped (like a wreckage (that a torrent hurls). A far removal) an utter destruction and disappointment for failing to obtain Allah's mercy (for wrong-doing folk!) for the disbelievers.
ثُمَّ أَنْشَأْنَا مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ قُرُونًا آخَرِينَ
📘 (Then after them) then after their destruction (We brought forth other generations) from generation to generation.
مَا تَسْبِقُ مِنْ أُمَّةٍ أَجَلَهَا وَمَا يَسْتَأْخِرُونَ
📘 (No nation can outstrip its term) no nation can bring forward the term appointed for its destruction, (nor yet postpone it) to a later date.
ثُمَّ أَرْسَلْنَا رُسُلَنَا تَتْرَىٰ ۖ كُلَّ مَا جَاءَ أُمَّةً رَسُولُهَا كَذَّبُوهُ ۚ فَأَتْبَعْنَا بَعْضَهُمْ بَعْضًا وَجَعَلْنَاهُمْ أَحَادِيثَ ۚ فَبُعْدًا لِقَوْمٍ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ
📘 (Then We sent our messengers one after another. Whenever its messenger came unto a nation they denied him) they denied that messenger; (so We caused them to follow one another (to disaster)) with chastisement (and We made them bywords) We made them the talk of their time. (A far removal) what a disappointment for failing to obtain Allah's mercy (for folk who believe not!) for people who disbelieve in Muhammad (pbuh).
ثُمَّ أَرْسَلْنَا مُوسَىٰ وَأَخَاهُ هَارُونَ بِآيَاتِنَا وَسُلْطَانٍ مُبِينٍ
📘 (Then We sent Moses and his brother Aaron with Our) nine (tokens and a clear warrant) and a clear proof.
إِلَىٰ فِرْعَوْنَ وَمَلَئِهِ فَاسْتَكْبَرُوا وَكَانُوا قَوْمًا عَالِينَ
📘 (Unto Pharaoh and his chiefs, but they scorned (them)) they were too proud to believe in Moses and the signs (and they were despotic folk) they opposed Moses and felt too proud to believe.
فَقَالُوا أَنُؤْمِنُ لِبَشَرَيْنِ مِثْلِنَا وَقَوْمُهُمَا لَنَا عَابِدُونَ
📘 (And they said: Shall we put faith in two mortals) two human beings, meaning Moses and Aaron (like ourselves, and whose folk are servile unto us) while their people are our obedient servants?
فَكَذَّبُوهُمَا فَكَانُوا مِنَ الْمُهْلَكِينَ
📘 (So they denied them) they denied their message, (and became of those who were destroyed) they were drowned in the sea.
وَلَقَدْ آتَيْنَا مُوسَى الْكِتَابَ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَهْتَدُونَ
📘 (And we verily gave Moses the Scripture) the Torah, (that haply they might go aright) that haply they might be led to guidance.
وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ لِفُرُوجِهِمْ حَافِظُونَ
📘 (And who guard their modesty) and who are chaste
وَجَعَلْنَا ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ وَأُمَّهُ آيَةً وَآوَيْنَاهُمَا إِلَىٰ رَبْوَةٍ ذَاتِ قَرَارٍ وَمَعِينٍ
📘 (And We made the son of Mary) i.e. Jesus (and his mother a portent) a sign and admonition: a son without a father and a pregnancy without physical contact, (and We gave them refuge on a height) on an elevated location, (a place of flocks and water springs) the reference here is to Damascus.
يَا أَيُّهَا الرُّسُلُ كُلُوا مِنَ الطَّيِّبَاتِ وَاعْمَلُوا صَالِحًا ۖ إِنِّي بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ عَلِيمٌ
📘 (O ye messengers!) the reference here is to Muhammad (Eat of the good thing) eat of the lawful things, (and do right) do righteous works between yourself and your Lord. (Lo! I am Aware) I am aware of the reward (of what ye do) of what you do, O Muhammad, and also of what they do.
وَإِنَّ هَٰذِهِ أُمَّتُكُمْ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً وَأَنَا رَبُّكُمْ فَاتَّقُونِ
📘 (And lo! this your religion is one religion) and your belief is one chosen belief (and I am your Lord) One sole Lord who honoured you with it, (so keep your duty unto Me) so obey Me.
فَتَقَطَّعُوا أَمْرَهُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ زُبُرًا ۖ كُلُّ حِزْبٍ بِمَا لَدَيْهِمْ فَرِحُونَ
📘 (But they (mankind) have broken their religion among them into sects) so they split among themselves with regard to religion into different groups: groups of Jews, Christians, idolaters and Magians, (each sect) the adherents of each religion and sect (rejoicing in its tenets) being impressed with what they have.
فَذَرْهُمْ فِي غَمْرَتِهِمْ حَتَّىٰ حِينٍ
📘 (So leave them) O Muhammad (in their error) in their ignorance (till a time) until the advent of punishment on the Day of Badr.
أَيَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّمَا نُمِدُّهُمْ بِهِ مِنْ مَالٍ وَبَنِينَ
📘 (Think they) do the adherents of these sects think (that in the wealth and sons wherewith We provide them) in the life of this world,
نُسَارِعُ لَهُمْ فِي الْخَيْرَاتِ ۚ بَلْ لَا يَشْعُرُونَ
📘 (We hasten unto them with good things) in this world; and it is said: in the Hereafter? (Nay, but they perceive not) that We provide them in the life of this world but will humiliate them in the Hereafter.
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ هُمْ مِنْ خَشْيَةِ رَبِّهِمْ مُشْفِقُونَ
📘 Then Allah clarified to whom He hastens with good things in the life of this world, saying: (Lo! those who go in awe for fear of their Lord) of their Lord's chastisement; for these We hasten with good things;
وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ بِآيَاتِ رَبِّهِمْ يُؤْمِنُونَ
📘 (And those who believe in the revelations of their Lord) in Muhammad (pbuh) and the Qur'an, for these We hasten with good things;
وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ بِرَبِّهِمْ لَا يُشْرِكُونَ
📘 (And those who ascribe not partners) idols (unto their Lord) for these We hasten with good things;
إِلَّا عَلَىٰ أَزْوَاجِهِمْ أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُهُمْ فَإِنَّهُمْ غَيْرُ مَلُومِينَ
📘 (Save from their wives) up to four wives (or the (slaves) that their right hands possess) without any limit in number, (for then they are not blameworthy) when they engage in that which is lawful,
وَالَّذِينَ يُؤْتُونَ مَا آتَوْا وَقُلُوبُهُمْ وَجِلَةٌ أَنَّهُمْ إِلَىٰ رَبِّهِمْ رَاجِعُونَ
📘 (And those who give that which they give) of their wealth for alms and spend of it in the way of Allah; and it is said that this means: those who do what they do of righteous deeds (with hearts afraid because they are about to return unto their Lord) in the Hereafter, fearing that perhaps their works will not be accepted,
أُولَٰئِكَ يُسَارِعُونَ فِي الْخَيْرَاتِ وَهُمْ لَهَا سَابِقُونَ
📘 (These) who have such traits (race for the good things) hasten to perform righteous works, (and they shall win them in the race.
وَلَا نُكَلِّفُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا ۖ وَلَدَيْنَا كِتَابٌ يَنْطِقُ بِالْحَقِّ ۚ وَهُمْ لَا يُظْلَمُونَ
📘 And We task not any soul) with works (beyond its scope) beyond its capability, (and with Us is a Record) this is the Record of the recording angels (al-hafazah) who record people's good and bad works (which speaketh the Truth) they will testify truthfully and fairly, (and they will not be wronged) their good deeds will not be diminished and their bad works will not be increased.
بَلْ قُلُوبُهُمْ فِي غَمْرَةٍ مِنْ هَٰذَا وَلَهُمْ أَعْمَالٌ مِنْ دُونِ ذَٰلِكَ هُمْ لَهَا عَامِلُونَ
📘 (Nay, but their hearts) the hearts of the people of Mecca: i.e. Abu Jahl and his host (are in ignorance) and heedlessness (of this) Qur'an, (and they have other works) decreed upon them, (besides) besides that which you enjoin them of good works, (which they are doing) in the life of this world until their appointed time comes, O Muhammad;
حَتَّىٰ إِذَا أَخَذْنَا مُتْرَفِيهِمْ بِالْعَذَابِ إِذَا هُمْ يَجْأَرُونَ
📘 (Till when We grasp their luxurious ones) their tyrants and leaders: Abu Jahl Ibn Hisham, al-Walid Ibn al-Mughirah al-Makhzumi, al-'As Ibn Wa'il al-Sahmi, 'Utbah and Shaybah and their friends (with the punishment) with hunger for seven years, (behold! they supplicate) they plead.
لَا تَجْأَرُوا الْيَوْمَ ۖ إِنَّكُمْ مِنَّا لَا تُنْصَرُونَ
📘 Say to them, O Muhammad: (Supplicate not this day) to escape Our punishment! (Assuredly you will not be helped) you will not be saved (by Us) from Our punishment.
قَدْ كَانَتْ آيَاتِي تُتْلَىٰ عَلَيْكُمْ فَكُنْتُمْ عَلَىٰ أَعْقَابِكُمْ تَنْكِصُونَ
📘 (My revelations) the Qur'an (were recited) and shown (unto you, but ye used to turn back on your heels) to your initial religion,
مُسْتَكْبِرِينَ بِهِ سَامِرًا تَهْجُرُونَ
📘 (In scorn thereof) feeling haughty because of the Holy House, claiming that you are its guardians. (Nightly did you rave together) you cursed Muhammad (pbuh) his Companions and the Qur'an in your nightly gatherings.
أَفَلَمْ يَدَّبَّرُوا الْقَوْلَ أَمْ جَاءَهُمْ مَا لَمْ يَأْتِ آبَاءَهُمُ الْأَوَّلِينَ
📘 (Have they not pondered the Word) have they not reflected upon the Qur'an and that which it contains of threats, (or hath that come unto them) upon the people of Mecca, of safety and freedom from obligation (which came not unto their fathers of old?
أَمْ لَمْ يَعْرِفُوا رَسُولَهُمْ فَهُمْ لَهُ مُنْكِرُونَ
📘 Or know they not their messenger) the lineage of their Messenger, (and so reject him) and so deny him?
فَمَنِ ابْتَغَىٰ وَرَاءَ ذَٰلِكَ فَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْعَادُونَ
📘 (But whoso craveth beyond that) but whoever seeks other than the lawful, (such are transgressors) who step from the lawful into the unlawful,
أَمْ يَقُولُونَ بِهِ جِنَّةٌ ۚ بَلْ جَاءَهُمْ بِالْحَقِّ وَأَكْثَرُهُمْ لِلْحَقِّ كَارِهُونَ
📘 (Or say they) indeed they say: (There is a madness in him? Nay, but he bringeth them the Truth) Muhammad (pbuh) brought them the Qur'an, the profession of Allah's divine Oneness and the Message; (and most of them are haters) deniers (of the Truth) of the Qur'an.
وَلَوِ اتَّبَعَ الْحَقُّ أَهْوَاءَهُمْ لَفَسَدَتِ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالْأَرْضُ وَمَنْ فِيهِنَّ ۚ بَلْ أَتَيْنَاهُمْ بِذِكْرِهِمْ فَهُمْ عَنْ ذِكْرِهِمْ مُعْرِضُونَ
📘 (And if the Truth had followed their desires) if it was according to their whims such that there is a deity in the heavens and a deity in the earth, (verily the heavens and the earth and whosoever is therein) of created beings (had been corrupted. Nay, We have brought them their Reminder) We sent Gabriel to their Prophet with the Qur'an wherein lies their glory and honour, (but from their Reminder) but from their glory and honour (they now turn away) they disbelieve.
أَمْ تَسْأَلُهُمْ خَرْجًا فَخَرَاجُ رَبِّكَ خَيْرٌ ۖ وَهُوَ خَيْرُ الرَّازِقِينَ
📘 (Or dost thou ask of them) or do you ask, O Muhammad, the people of Mecca (any tribute) some payment, and this is why they are not responding? (But! the bounty of your Lord) in Paradise (is better) is better than what they have in the life of this world, (for He is best of all who make provision) in this world and in the next.
وَإِنَّكَ لَتَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَىٰ صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ
📘 (And lo! thou) O Muhammad (summonest them indeed unto a right path) to an established religion which Allah is pleased with: Islam.
وَإِنَّ الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْآخِرَةِ عَنِ الصِّرَاطِ لَنَاكِبُونَ
📘 (And lo! those who believe not in the Hereafter) those who do not believe in resurrection after death (are indeed astray from the path) from Allah's religion.
۞ وَلَوْ رَحِمْنَاهُمْ وَكَشَفْنَا مَا بِهِمْ مِنْ ضُرٍّ لَلَجُّوا فِي طُغْيَانِهِمْ يَعْمَهُونَ
📘 (Though We had mercy on them) i.e. the people of Mecca (and relieved them of the harm) and relieved them of the hunger which was (afflicting them, they still would wander blindly on) they still would carry on blind to the Truth and guidance (in their contumacy) in their disbelief and error.
وَلَقَدْ أَخَذْنَاهُمْ بِالْعَذَابِ فَمَا اسْتَكَانُوا لِرَبِّهِمْ وَمَا يَتَضَرَّعُونَ
📘 (Already have We grasped them with punishment) with hunger and drought, (but they humble not themselves unto their Lord) but they did not submit themselves to their Lord by professing Allah's divine Oneness, (nor do they pray) nor do they believe,
حَتَّىٰ إِذَا فَتَحْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ بَابًا ذَا عَذَابٍ شَدِيدٍ إِذَا هُمْ فِيهِ مُبْلِسُونَ
📘 (Until) give them respite, O Muhammad, until (when We open for them the gate of extreme punishment) i.e. of hunger, (behold! they are aghast thereat) they despair of all goodness.
وَهُوَ الَّذِي أَنْشَأَ لَكُمُ السَّمْعَ وَالْأَبْصَارَ وَالْأَفْئِدَةَ ۚ قَلِيلًا مَا تَشْكُرُونَ
📘 (He it is Who hath created for you) O people of Mecca (ears) with which to hear (and eyes) with which to see (and hearts) with which to comprehend. (Small thanks give ye) your thanks for all the things you have been given, O people of Mecca, is small!
وَهُوَ الَّذِي ذَرَأَكُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَإِلَيْهِ تُحْشَرُونَ
📘 (And He it is Who hath sown you broadcast) created you (in the earth, and unto Him ye will be gathered) after you die, and then He will requite you according to your works.
وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ لِأَمَانَاتِهِمْ وَعَهْدِهِمْ رَاعُونَ
📘 (And who are shepherds) preserve that with which they have been entrusted (of their pledge) such as fasting, major ritual ablution, trusts and the like, (and their covenant) with Allah or with other people,
وَهُوَ الَّذِي يُحْيِي وَيُمِيتُ وَلَهُ اخْتِلَافُ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ ۚ أَفَلَا تَعْقِلُونَ
📘 (And He it is Who giveth life) upon resurrection (and causes death) in the life of this world, (and His is the difference of night and day) He changes the day and the night; He makes them come and go, increase and decrease in length; the brightness of day and darkness of night-all these are a sign that Allah will bring the dead back to life. (Have ye then no sense) do you then not believe in resurrection after death?
بَلْ قَالُوا مِثْلَ مَا قَالَ الْأَوَّلُونَ
📘 (Nay, but they) i.e. the people of Mecca (say the like of that which) disbelieve in resurrection after death in the same was as (said the men of old) the people of old disbelieved in resurrection after death;
قَالُوا أَإِذَا مِتْنَا وَكُنَّا تُرَابًا وَعِظَامًا أَإِنَّا لَمَبْعُوثُونَ
📘 (They say: When we are dead and have become mere) scattered (dust and) decayed (bones, shall we then, forsooth, be raised again) after we have died?
لَقَدْ وُعِدْنَا نَحْنُ وَآبَاؤُنَا هَٰذَا مِنْ قَبْلُ إِنْ هَٰذَا إِلَّا أَسَاطِيرُ الْأَوَّلِينَ
📘 (We were already promised this) which you are promising us, O Muhammad, (we and our forefathers) before us, were also promised the same. (Lo! This) that which you are saying to us, O Muhammad, (is naught but fables) the mere talk and lies (of the men of old.
قُلْ لِمَنِ الْأَرْضُ وَمَنْ فِيهَا إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ
📘 (Say) O Muhammad: (Unto Whom (belongeth) the earth and whosoever is therein) of created beings; answer me, (if ye have knowledge?)
سَيَقُولُونَ لِلَّهِ ۚ قُلْ أَفَلَا تَذَكَّرُونَ
📘 (They will say: Unto Allah. Say) to them, O Muhammad: (Will ye not then remember) will you not then take heed and obey Allah?
قُلْ مَنْ رَبُّ السَّمَاوَاتِ السَّبْعِ وَرَبُّ الْعَرْشِ الْعَظِيمِ
📘 (Say) also to them, O Muhammad: (Who is Lord of the seven heavens, and Lord of the Tremendous Throne?
سَيَقُولُونَ لِلَّهِ ۚ قُلْ أَفَلَا تَتَّقُونَ
📘 They will say: Unto Allah (all that belongeth)) Allah created them. (Say) to them, O Muhammad: (Will ye not then keep duty (unto Him)) will you then not avoid the worship of other than Him?
قُلْ مَنْ بِيَدِهِ مَلَكُوتُ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَهُوَ يُجِيرُ وَلَا يُجَارُ عَلَيْهِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ
📘 (Say) also to them, O Muhammad: (In Whose hand is the dominion over all things) in Whose hand is the store of all things (and He protecteth) and He judges, (while against Him there is no protection) while no judgement can be made upon him; it is also said that this means: He protects people from His chastisement but none can protect others from His chastisement, (if ye have knowledge?
سَيَقُولُونَ لِلَّهِ ۚ قُلْ فَأَنَّىٰ تُسْحَرُونَ
📘 They will say: Unto Allah (all that belongeth)) all that is through Allah's power. (Say) to them, O Muhammad: (How then are ye bewitched) then why do you lie about Allah; it is also said that this means, according to a different reading: see, O Muhammad, how they turn away because of lies?
وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ عَلَىٰ صَلَوَاتِهِمْ يُحَافِظُونَ
📘 (And who pay heed to their prayers) pay attention to the prescribed times of their prayers.
بَلْ أَتَيْنَاهُمْ بِالْحَقِّ وَإِنَّهُمْ لَكَاذِبُونَ
📘 (Nay, but We have brought them the Truth) We sent Gabriel to their Prophet with the Qur'an in which it is stated that Allah has no son or partner, (and lo! they are liars) when they say the angels are Allah's daughters.
مَا اتَّخَذَ اللَّهُ مِنْ وَلَدٍ وَمَا كَانَ مَعَهُ مِنْ إِلَٰهٍ ۚ إِذًا لَذَهَبَ كُلُّ إِلَٰهٍ بِمَا خَلَقَ وَلَعَلَا بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ ۚ سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ عَمَّا يَصِفُونَ
📘 (Allah hath not chosen any son) from the Children of Adam nor are the angels His daughters, (nor is there any God along with Him) as partner; (else would) if the case was as they claim then (each God have assuredly championed that which he created) each god would take for himself that which he created, (and some of them would assuredly have overcome others. Glorified be Allah) Allah exonerated Himself (above all that they allege) of all their lies.
عَالِمِ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَادَةِ فَتَعَالَىٰ عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ
📘 (Knower of the invisible) that which is unseen by people; it is also said the invisible includes everything that will happen in the future (and the visible!) that which people know; it is also said that the visible includes everything that has already happened (and exalted be He over) Allah is far transcendent above (all that they ascribe as partners (unto Him)) of idols!
قُلْ رَبِّ إِمَّا تُرِيَنِّي مَا يُوعَدُونَ
📘 (Say) O Muhammad: (My Lord!) O my Lord! (If Thou shouldst show me that which they are promised) of chastisement,
رَبِّ فَلَا تَجْعَلْنِي فِي الْقَوْمِ الظَّالِمِينَ
📘 (My Lord! then set me not among the wrong-doing folk) do not place me with the disbelieving people on the Day of Badr.
وَإِنَّا عَلَىٰ أَنْ نُرِيَكَ مَا نَعِدُهُمْ لَقَادِرُونَ
📘 (And verily We are Able to show thee) O Muhammad (that which We have promised them) of torment on the Day of Badr.
ادْفَعْ بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ السَّيِّئَةَ ۚ نَحْنُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا يَصِفُونَ
📘 (Repel evil with that which is better) repel by means of " there is no god except Allah " the expression of idolatry which is coming from Abu Jahl and his host; and it is also said that this means: repel from yourself their indecent talk through the greeting of peace. (We are best Aware of that which they allege) of lies.
وَقُلْ رَبِّ أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ هَمَزَاتِ الشَّيَاطِينِ
📘 (And say: My Lord! I seek refuge in Thee from suggestions) from the insinuations (of the evil ones) that bewitch humans,
وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ رَبِّ أَنْ يَحْضُرُونِ
📘 (And I seek refuge in Thee, my Lord, lest they) the devils (be present with me) upon praying, upon recitation and upon death,
حَتَّىٰ إِذَا جَاءَ أَحَدَهُمُ الْمَوْتُ قَالَ رَبِّ ارْجِعُونِ
📘 (Until, when death) the angels of death and his helpers (cometh unto one of them) i.e. the disbelievers of Mecca, (he saith: My Lord! Send me back) to the life of the world,
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