🕋 تفسير سورة النور
(An-Nur) • المصدر: EN-TAFSIR-IBN-ABBAS
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ سُورَةٌ أَنْزَلْنَاهَا وَفَرَضْنَاهَا وَأَنْزَلْنَا فِيهَا آيَاتٍ بَيِّنَاتٍ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَذَكَّرُونَ
📘 And from his own narration on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas that he said regarding the interpretation of Allah's saying ((Here is) a surah which We have revealed): '((Here is) a surah which We have revealed) He says: We sent Gabriel with it (and enjoined) We exposited in it the lawful and the unlawful, (and wherein We have revealed plain tokens) containing commands and prohibitions, obligations and legal punishments, (that haply ye may take heed) that you may take admonition in the commands and prohibitions, so do not suspend the application of legal punishments.
وَلَوْلَا فَضْلُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَتُهُ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَوَّابٌ حَكِيمٌ
📘 (And had it not been for the grace of Allah and His mercy unto you) He would reveal who was lying of the two, (and that Allah is Clement) Allah forgives whoever repents, (Wise, (ye had been undone)) He decreed that this swearing and cursing takes place between the husband and his wife whom he accuses of adultery. This verse was revealed about 'Asim Ibn 'Adiyy al-Ansari who was afflicted with this.
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ جَاءُوا بِالْإِفْكِ عُصْبَةٌ مِنْكُمْ ۚ لَا تَحْسَبُوهُ شَرًّا لَكُمْ ۖ بَلْ هُوَ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ ۚ لِكُلِّ امْرِئٍ مِنْهُمْ مَا اكْتَسَبَ مِنَ الْإِثْمِ ۚ وَالَّذِي تَوَلَّىٰ كِبْرَهُ مِنْهُمْ لَهُ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ
📘 (Lo! they who spread the slander) those who spread the lie (are a gang among you) this was revealed about 'Abdullah Ibn Ubayy Ibn Salul, the hypocrite, and Hassan Ibn Thabit al-Ansari, and Mistah Ibn Uthathah, the cousin of Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, and 'Ubadah Ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib and Hamnah Bint Jahsh al-Asadiyyah who slandered 'A'ishah and Safwan Ibn al-Mu'attal. (Deem it not) deem not the slandering of 'A'ishah and Safwan (a bad thing for you) in the Hereafter; (say, it is good for you) in terms of reward. (Unto every man of them) who engaged in slandering 'A'ishah and Safwan Ibn al-Mu'attal (will be paid that which he hath earned of the sin) in accordance to his engagement in the slander; (and as for him among them who had the greater share therein) the one who spread the matter and uttered abominable things concerning this matter, i.e. 'Abdullah Ibn Ubayy (his will be an awful doom) in this worldly life by imposing the legal punishment on him and in the Hereafter by being cast in hell.
لَوْلَا إِذْ سَمِعْتُمُوهُ ظَنَّ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتُ بِأَنْفُسِهِمْ خَيْرًا وَقَالُوا هَٰذَا إِفْكٌ مُبِينٌ
📘 (Why did not the believers, men and women, when you heard it) i.e. the slander of 'A'ishah and Safwan, (think good of their own folk) think good of 'A'ishah as they would think good of their mothers; (and say: It) their slander (is a manifest untruth) is a manifest lie?
لَوْلَا جَاءُوا عَلَيْهِ بِأَرْبَعَةِ شُهَدَاءَ ۚ فَإِذْ لَمْ يَأْتُوا بِالشُّهَدَاءِ فَأُولَٰئِكَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ هُمُ الْكَاذِبُونَ
📘 (Why did they not produce four witnesses) four, upright witnesses to support their claim? (Since they produce not witnesses) four witnesses, (they verily are liars in the sight of Allah).
وَلَوْلَا فَضْلُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَتُهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ لَمَسَّكُمْ فِي مَا أَفَضْتُمْ فِيهِ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ
📘 Then Allah revealed the following about those who did not slander 'A'ishah but talked about the slander: (Had it not been for the grace of Allah and His mercy unto you in the world and the Hereafter an awful doom had overtaken you) chastisement would have seized you in this worldly life and in the Hereafter (for that whereof you murmured) for the slanderous accusation which you repeated.
إِذْ تَلَقَّوْنَهُ بِأَلْسِنَتِكُمْ وَتَقُولُونَ بِأَفْوَاهِكُمْ مَا لَيْسَ لَكُمْ بِهِ عِلْمٌ وَتَحْسَبُونَهُ هَيِّنًا وَهُوَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ عَظِيمٌ
📘 (When ye welcomed it with your tongues) when you related the slander to each other, (and uttered with your mouths that whereof ye had no knowledge) proof or clarification, (ye counted it) i.e. the slander of 'A'ishah (a trifle) an insignificant sin. (In the sight of Allah it is very great) in terms of punishment.
وَلَوْلَا إِذْ سَمِعْتُمُوهُ قُلْتُمْ مَا يَكُونُ لَنَا أَنْ نَتَكَلَّمَ بِهَٰذَا سُبْحَانَكَ هَٰذَا بُهْتَانٌ عَظِيمٌ
📘 (Wherefore, when ye heard it) i.e. the slander of 'A'ishah and Safwan, (said ye not: It is not for us to speak of this) we are not permitted to speak about this lie. (Glory be to Thee (O Allah); This is awful calumny) this is a great lie.
يَعِظُكُمُ اللَّهُ أَنْ تَعُودُوا لِمِثْلِهِ أَبَدًا إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ
📘 (Allah admonisheth you) Allah warns and prohibits you (that ye repeat not the like thereof ever) to ever engage in similar things, (if ye are (in truth) believers) if you are true believers.
وَيُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمُ الْآيَاتِ ۚ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ
📘 (And He expoundeth unto you His revelations) detailing the commands and prohibitions. (Allah is Knower) He knows what you say, (Wise) regarding the legal punishments He imposes on you.
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُحِبُّونَ أَنْ تَشِيعَ الْفَاحِشَةُ فِي الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ ۚ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ وَأَنْتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ
📘 (Lo! Those) i.e. 'Abdullah Ibn Ubayy and his host (who love that slander should be spread) appear (concerning those who believe) 'A'ishah and Safwan, (theirs will be a painful punishment) by being flogged (in the world and the Hereafter) by being thrown in hell, especially 'Abdullah Ibn Ubayy. (Allah knoweth) that 'A'ishah and Safwan did not commit adultery. (Ye know not) this.
الزَّانِيَةُ وَالزَّانِي فَاجْلِدُوا كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مِائَةَ جَلْدَةٍ ۖ وَلَا تَأْخُذْكُمْ بِهِمَا رَأْفَةٌ فِي دِينِ اللَّهِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ ۖ وَلْيَشْهَدْ عَذَابَهُمَا طَائِفَةٌ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ
📘 (The adulterer and the adulteress) who are unmarried and have not been married before, (scourge ye each one of them (with) a hundred stripes) flog each one of them a hundred times. (And let not pity for the twain) for applying the legal punishment (withhold you from obedience to Allah) withhold you from executing Allah's legal ruling on them, (if ye believe in Allah and the Last Day) in resurrection after death. (And let a party of believers) one man, two or more so that the punishment is preserved (witness their punishment) witness the execution of the punishment.
وَلَوْلَا فَضْلُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَتُهُ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ رَءُوفٌ رَحِيمٌ
📘 (Had it not been for the grace of Allah and His mercy unto you) unto those who did not slander 'A'ishah and Safwan, (and that Allah is Clement, Merciful, (ye had been undone)) towards the believers.
۞ يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَتَّبِعُوا خُطُوَاتِ الشَّيْطَانِ ۚ وَمَنْ يَتَّبِعْ خُطُوَاتِ الشَّيْطَانِ فَإِنَّهُ يَأْمُرُ بِالْفَحْشَاءِ وَالْمُنْكَرِ ۚ وَلَوْلَا فَضْلُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَتُهُ مَا زَكَىٰ مِنْكُمْ مِنْ أَحَدٍ أَبَدًا وَلَٰكِنَّ اللَّهَ يُزَكِّي مَنْ يَشَاءُ ۗ وَاللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ
📘 Allah then warned the believers from following Satan, saying: (O ye who believe) in Muhammad (pbuh) and in the Qur'an! (Follow not the footsteps of the devil) do not follow Satan's embellishment and whisperings. (Unto whomsoever followeth the footsteps of the devil) whoever follows Satan's embellishment and whisperings, (lo! he commandeth filthiness) evil words and deeds (and wrong) that which is not in the Shari'ah or the Sunnah. (Had it not been for the grace of Allah and His mercy unto you) through preserving you from sins and giving you success, (not one of you would ever have grown pure) no one of you would profess Allah's divine Oneness or become righteous. (But Allah causeth whom He will to grow) but Allah gives success and makes righteous whoever deserves it. (And Allah is Hearer) He hears what you say, (Knower) He knows you and your works.
وَلَا يَأْتَلِ أُولُو الْفَضْلِ مِنْكُمْ وَالسَّعَةِ أَنْ يُؤْتُوا أُولِي الْقُرْبَىٰ وَالْمَسَاكِينَ وَالْمُهَاجِرِينَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ۖ وَلْيَعْفُوا وَلْيَصْفَحُوا ۗ أَلَا تُحِبُّونَ أَنْ يَغْفِرَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ ۗ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ
📘 Allah then revealed the following about Abu Bakr when he swore that he will not spend on his relatives, Mistah and others, because they talked about the slandering of 'A'ishah: (And let not those who possess dignity) through their spending (and ease) due to their wealth (among you swear not to give to the near of kin) Mistah was his maternal cousin (and to the needy) beside being his cousin, Mistah was also poor, (and to fugitives for the cause of Allah) and to the Immigrants for the sake of Allah, for Mistah was also an Immigrant. (Let them forgive and show indulgence. Yearn ye not that Allah may forgive you) do you not want, O Abu Bakr, that Allah forgive you? (Allah is Forgiving, Merciful) towards the person who repents. When he heard this, Abu Bakr said: " I do indeed, O my Lord! " and so after the revelation of this verse, he showed kindness to his relatives and helped them financially.
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ الْغَافِلَاتِ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ لُعِنُوا فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ
📘 Allah then revealed the following about 'Abdullah Ibn Ubayy and his host who slandered 'A'ishah and Safwan: (Lo! as for those who traduce) accusing them of adultery (virtuous) and free, (believing) they believe in Allah's divine Oneness (women) i.e. 'A'ishah ((who are) careless) who are chaste and exonerated from adultery, (cursed are they) they should be punished (in the world) by flogging them (and the Hereafter) by casting them in the Fire. The reference here is to 'Abdullah Ibn Ubayy. (Theirs) the reference here is to 'Abdullah ibn Ubayy and his host (will be an awful doom) more severe than the chastisement they will be exposed to in this worldly life.
يَوْمَ تَشْهَدُ عَلَيْهِمْ أَلْسِنَتُهُمْ وَأَيْدِيهِمْ وَأَرْجُلُهُمْ بِمَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ
📘 (On the day) which is the Day of Judgement (when their tongues and their hands and their feet testify against them) against what 'Abdullah Ibn Ubayy and his host said and did (as to what they used to do) in the life of this world,
يَوْمَئِذٍ يُوَفِّيهِمُ اللَّهُ دِينَهُمُ الْحَقَّ وَيَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْحَقُّ الْمُبِينُ
📘 (On that day) the Day of Judgement (Allah will pay them their just due) he will fairly requite them for their works, (and they will know that Allah, He is the Manifest Truth) they will know that what Allah said in the life of this world is true.
الْخَبِيثَاتُ لِلْخَبِيثِينَ وَالْخَبِيثُونَ لِلْخَبِيثَاتِ ۖ وَالطَّيِّبَاتُ لِلطَّيِّبِينَ وَالطَّيِّبُونَ لِلطَّيِّبَاتِ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ مُبَرَّءُونَ مِمَّا يَقُولُونَ ۖ لَهُمْ مَغْفِرَةٌ وَرِزْقٌ كَرِيمٌ
📘 He also revealed about them: (Vile women) those who are vile in their speech and deeds (are for vile men) they deserve vile men, (and vile men for vile women) they deserve one another. (Good women) good women in their speech and deeds (are for good men) they deserve them, (and good men for good women) they deserve one another; it is also said that this means: good women, i.e. 'A'ishah, are for good men, i.e. the Prophet (pbuh); (such) 'A'ishah and Safwan (are innocent of that which people say) they are innocent of people's slander: (For them is pardon) their sins are pardoned in the life of this world (and a bountiful provision) in Paradise. He says: when any man or woman are praised, and they deserve such a praise, then whatever they are praised with is true. And when a vile man or woman are mentioned with ill, and they deserve such an ill mention, then they deserve being mentioned in an ill manner.
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَدْخُلُوا بُيُوتًا غَيْرَ بُيُوتِكُمْ حَتَّىٰ تَسْتَأْنِسُوا وَتُسَلِّمُوا عَلَىٰ أَهْلِهَا ۚ ذَٰلِكُمْ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَذَكَّرُونَ
📘 Allah then prohibited them from entering in on one another without first asking permission, saying: (O ye who believe) in Muhammad (pbuh) and in the Qur'an! (Enter not houses other than your own) you are not permitted to enter houses (without first announcing your presence and invoking peace upon the folk thereof. That) announcing your presence and invoking peace (is better for you) and more akin to righteousness, (that ye may be heedful) that you may take admonition and not enter in on each other without permission.
فَإِنْ لَمْ تَجِدُوا فِيهَا أَحَدًا فَلَا تَدْخُلُوهَا حَتَّىٰ يُؤْذَنَ لَكُمْ ۖ وَإِنْ قِيلَ لَكُمُ ارْجِعُوا فَارْجِعُوا ۖ هُوَ أَزْكَىٰ لَكُمْ ۚ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ عَلِيمٌ
📘 (And if ye find no one therein) in the houses to give you permission to enter, (still enter not until permission hath been given) to enter. (And if it be said unto you: Go away again) and if you are told not to enter, (then go away) and remain not standing at the door of people's houses, (for it is purer for you) for it is better for you than to remain standing at the doors of people's houses. (Allah knoweth what ye do) of asking permission and other things.
لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ تَدْخُلُوا بُيُوتًا غَيْرَ مَسْكُونَةٍ فِيهَا مَتَاعٌ لَكُمْ ۚ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ مَا تُبْدُونَ وَمَا تَكْتُمُونَ
📘 Then Allah gave them leave to enter houses which are not theirs-it is here a question of the inns which are usually found in the roads-saying: ((It is) no sin) there is no constraint (for you to enter uninhabited houses) houses which do not have known inhabitants, such as inns and hostels (wherein is comfort for you) where you can find some benefit, against cold in the winter and heat in the summer (Allah knoweth what ye proclaim) of asking permission and invoking greetings of peace (and what ye hide) of giving a response and permission.
الزَّانِي لَا يَنْكِحُ إِلَّا زَانِيَةً أَوْ مُشْرِكَةً وَالزَّانِيَةُ لَا يَنْكِحُهَا إِلَّا زَانٍ أَوْ مُشْرِكٌ ۚ وَحُرِّمَ ذَٰلِكَ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ
📘 (The adulterer) from the people of the Book who admits his crime (shall not marry save an adulteress) from the slaves of the people of the Book (or an idolatress) from the slaves of the Arab idolaters, (and the adulteress none shall marry save an adulterer) from the people of the Book (or an idolater) from the Arab idolaters. (All that) marrying the slaves of the people of the Book and the slaves of Arab idolaters (is forbidden unto believers) this verse was revealed about a group among the Companions of the Prophet (pbuh) who wanted to marry some slaves from the people of the Book and Arab idolaters in Medina. These slaves were known adulteresses but these prophetic Companions wanted to marry them in order to win them over. When this verse was revealed they refrained from marrying them.
قُلْ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَغُضُّوا مِنْ أَبْصَارِهِمْ وَيَحْفَظُوا فُرُوجَهُمْ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ أَزْكَىٰ لَهُمْ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَبِيرٌ بِمَا يَصْنَعُونَ
📘 Allah then commanded them to protect their gaze and chastity, saying: (Tell the believing men) O Muhammad (to lower their gaze) from that which is unlawful (and be modest) and also refrain from unlawful sexual intercourse. (That) protecting their gaze and chastity (is purer for them) is better and more akin to righteousness as far as they are concerned. (Lo! Allah is Aware of what they do) of good and evil.
وَقُلْ لِلْمُؤْمِنَاتِ يَغْضُضْنَ مِنْ أَبْصَارِهِنَّ وَيَحْفَظْنَ فُرُوجَهُنَّ وَلَا يُبْدِينَ زِينَتَهُنَّ إِلَّا مَا ظَهَرَ مِنْهَا ۖ وَلْيَضْرِبْنَ بِخُمُرِهِنَّ عَلَىٰ جُيُوبِهِنَّ ۖ وَلَا يُبْدِينَ زِينَتَهُنَّ إِلَّا لِبُعُولَتِهِنَّ أَوْ آبَائِهِنَّ أَوْ آبَاءِ بُعُولَتِهِنَّ أَوْ أَبْنَائِهِنَّ أَوْ أَبْنَاءِ بُعُولَتِهِنَّ أَوْ إِخْوَانِهِنَّ أَوْ بَنِي إِخْوَانِهِنَّ أَوْ بَنِي أَخَوَاتِهِنَّ أَوْ نِسَائِهِنَّ أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُهُنَّ أَوِ التَّابِعِينَ غَيْرِ أُولِي الْإِرْبَةِ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ أَوِ الطِّفْلِ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يَظْهَرُوا عَلَىٰ عَوْرَاتِ النِّسَاءِ ۖ وَلَا يَضْرِبْنَ بِأَرْجُلِهِنَّ لِيُعْلَمَ مَا يُخْفِينَ مِنْ زِينَتِهِنَّ ۚ وَتُوبُوا إِلَى اللَّهِ جَمِيعًا أَيُّهَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ
📘 (And tell the believing women) O Muhammad (to lower their gaze) from men, that which is unlawful as far as men are concerned (and be modest) and be chaste, (and to display of their adornment) their bracelets and ornamented belts (only that which is apparent) of their clothes, (and to draw their veils over their bosoms) and they should tie that; and then Allah mentioned the adornment again, and said: (and not to reveal their adornment) their bracelets and ornamented belts and other things (save to their own husbands or fathers) blood fathers or stepfathers (or husbands fathers, or their sons) real sons or milk sons (or their husbands' sons) from other women, (or their brothers) their milk brothers or blood brothers (or their brothers' sons) their real sons or stepsons (or sisters sons) their real sons or milk sons, (or their women) i.e. Muslim women who belong to their own religion, because it is unlawful for Jewish, Christian or Magian women to see them without their clothes on, (or their slaves) female slaves, not male slaves, (or male attendants who lack vigour) or male attendants who belong to their husbands who have no desire for women: i.e. eunuchs and elderly men, (or children who know naught of women's nakedness) children who are too young to sleep with women and do not understand what goes on between men and women, such as these can see the adornment of women without there being any doubt. (And let them not stamp their feet) their anklets (so as to reveal what they hide of their adornment) so that strange men know what they hide of their adornment. (And turn unto Allah together) and repent of all sins whether great or small, (O believers, in order that ye may succeed) in order that you escape Allah's wrath and chastisement.
وَأَنْكِحُوا الْأَيَامَىٰ مِنْكُمْ وَالصَّالِحِينَ مِنْ عِبَادِكُمْ وَإِمَائِكُمْ ۚ إِنْ يَكُونُوا فُقَرَاءَ يُغْنِهِمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ
📘 Then Allah guided them to marry their boys and girls, brothers and sisters, who do not have spouses, saying: (And marry such of you as are solitary) your daughters and sisters; and it is said that this means: your children and brothers and sisters who are still unmarried (and the pious of your slaves and maid servants) and also get your pious slave men and women married. (If they) i.e. those who are free (be poor; Allah will enrich them of His bounty) of His provision. (Allah is of ample means) He provides for both those who are free as well as for the slaves, (Aware) and He is Aware of the provision of all of them.
وَلْيَسْتَعْفِفِ الَّذِينَ لَا يَجِدُونَ نِكَاحًا حَتَّىٰ يُغْنِيَهُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ ۗ وَالَّذِينَ يَبْتَغُونَ الْكِتَابَ مِمَّا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ فَكَاتِبُوهُمْ إِنْ عَلِمْتُمْ فِيهِمْ خَيْرًا ۖ وَآتُوهُمْ مِنْ مَالِ اللَّهِ الَّذِي آتَاكُمْ ۚ وَلَا تُكْرِهُوا فَتَيَاتِكُمْ عَلَى الْبِغَاءِ إِنْ أَرَدْنَ تَحَصُّنًا لِتَبْتَغُوا عَرَضَ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا ۚ وَمَنْ يُكْرِهْهُنَّ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ مِنْ بَعْدِ إِكْرَاهِهِنَّ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ
📘 (And let those who cannot find a match) those who are unable to marry (keep chaste till Allah give them independence by His grace) until Allah gives them sufficiency from His provision. This was revealed about Huwaytib Ibn 'Abd al-'Uzza who refused to agree to give one of his slaves a chance to buy out his freedom. (And such of your slaves as seek a writing (of emancipation)) to buy out their freedom, (write it for them if ye are aware of aught of good in them) if you know they are righteous and keep their promise, (and bestow upon them) upon all people (of the wealth of Allah which He hath bestowed upon you) so that they can make an agreement for their emancipation; it is also said that here the master is encouraged to forgive a third of what has been agreed upon with his slave who wants to buy out his freedom. Then the following was revealed about 'Abdullah Ibn Ubayy and his host because they used to force their female slaves to commit adultery in order to earn money from them and have more slaves as result of the children they bore as a consequence, and so Allah forbade them from doing this and made such an act forbidden: (Force not your slave girls to whoredom that ye may seek enjoyment of the life of the world) from what they earn from working as prostitutes and also from the children they give birth to, (if they would preserve their chastity) if they want to remain chaste. (And if one force them) and if one force these slave girl to commit adultery, (then (unto them), after their compulsion) and repentance, (Lo! Allah will be Forgiving) He forgives them, (Merciful) and He will show mercy towards them after they die.
وَلَقَدْ أَنْزَلْنَا إِلَيْكُمْ آيَاتٍ مُبَيِّنَاتٍ وَمَثَلًا مِنَ الَّذِينَ خَلَوْا مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ وَمَوْعِظَةً لِلْمُتَّقِينَ
📘 (And verily We have sent down for you revelations that make plain) He says: We have sent Gabriel to your prophets with revelations that make plain the lawful and the unlawful, the commands and the prohibitions of adultery and indecencies, (and the example of those who passed away before you) the trait of those who passed away from among the believers and disbelievers. (An admonition) a prohibition (unto those who ward off (evil)) adultery and indecencies.
۞ اللَّهُ نُورُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۚ مَثَلُ نُورِهِ كَمِشْكَاةٍ فِيهَا مِصْبَاحٌ ۖ الْمِصْبَاحُ فِي زُجَاجَةٍ ۖ الزُّجَاجَةُ كَأَنَّهَا كَوْكَبٌ دُرِّيٌّ يُوقَدُ مِنْ شَجَرَةٍ مُبَارَكَةٍ زَيْتُونَةٍ لَا شَرْقِيَّةٍ وَلَا غَرْبِيَّةٍ يَكَادُ زَيْتُهَا يُضِيءُ وَلَوْ لَمْ تَمْسَسْهُ نَارٌ ۚ نُورٌ عَلَىٰ نُورٍ ۗ يَهْدِي اللَّهُ لِنُورِهِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ ۚ وَيَضْرِبُ اللَّهُ الْأَمْثَالَ لِلنَّاسِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ
📘 Allah then mentioned the honour and blessings that He had bestowed upon the believers, saying: (Allah is the Light of the heavens and the earth) He is the guide of the dwellers of the heaves and earth. Guidance from Allah is of two types: clarification and making things known; it is also said that the verse means: Allah is the embellisher of the heavens by means of the stars and the embellisher of the earth by means of plants and water; it is also said that this means: Allah enlightens the hearts of the believers among the dwellers of the heavens and the earth. (The similitude of His light) the light of the believers; it is also said that this means: the light of Allah in the heart of the believer (is as a niche wherein is a lamp. The lamp is in a glass) made of gems. (The glass is as it were a shining star) one of the following five planets: Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, Mars and Saturn. All these planets are luminous. ((This lamp is) kindled from a blessed tree) from the oil of a blessed tree, (an olive neither of the East nor of the West) in an open space, not touched by the shade of the East nor by the shade of the West; it is also said that this means: in a location which is untouched by the sun when it rises and when it sets, (whose oil) the oil of the tree (would almost glow forth (of itself)) from behind its rind (though no fire touched it. Light upon light) the lamp emits light and the glass emits light and the oil emits light, (Allah guideth unto His light) Allah honours with knowledge; it is also said that this means: Allah honours with His religion (whom He will) whoever deserves it; it is also said that the verse means: the likeness of the light of Muhammad in the loins of his forefathers is like this, up to Allah's saying (� kindled from a blessed tree). He says: the light of Muhammad in Abraham was an upright religion (olive tree), and Abraham was neither Jew nor Christian (neither of the East nor of the West), the works of Abraham would almost glow forth in the loins of his forefathers like this (would almost glow forth (of itself)), up until Allah's saying (kindled from a blessed tree) He says: as if it is the light of Muhammad (pbuh) and if Abraham was not a prophet, he would still have this light (though no fire touched it); it is also said that the latter passage means: Had Allah not honoured Abraham, he would not have had this light; it is also said: if Allah had not honoured His believing servant with this light, he would not have had it.
فِي بُيُوتٍ أَذِنَ اللَّهُ أَنْ تُرْفَعَ وَيُذْكَرَ فِيهَا اسْمُهُ يُسَبِّحُ لَهُ فِيهَا بِالْغُدُوِّ وَالْآصَالِ
📘 ((This lamp is found) in houses) these lamps are hung in houses (which Allah hath allowed) which Allah has commanded (to be exalted) to be built; the reference here is to mosques (and that His Name) His divine Oneness (shall be remembered therein) in the mosques. (Therein) in the mosques (do offer praise to Him) pray to Him (at morn) the Fajr prayer (and evening) the prayers of Zuhr, 'Asr, Maghrib and 'Isha'.
رِجَالٌ لَا تُلْهِيهِمْ تِجَارَةٌ وَلَا بَيْعٌ عَنْ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ وَإِقَامِ الصَّلَاةِ وَإِيتَاءِ الزَّكَاةِ ۙ يَخَافُونَ يَوْمًا تَتَقَلَّبُ فِيهِ الْقُلُوبُ وَالْأَبْصَارُ
📘 (Men whom neither merchandise) which may bring them profit (nor) hand to hand (sale beguileth) preoccupies (from remembrance of Allah) from the obedience of Allah; it is also said that this means: from performing the five daily prayers (and constancy in prayer) the performance of the five daily prayers with their required ritual ablution, bowings, prostrations and that which is enjoined in their prescribed times (and paying) from their wealth (to the poor their due; who fear a day) who fear the chastisement of the Day of Judgement (when hearts and eyeballs will be overturned) changing from state to state, such that sometimes they are aware and sometimes they are not;
لِيَجْزِيَهُمُ اللَّهُ أَحْسَنَ مَا عَمِلُوا وَيَزِيدَهُمْ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ يَرْزُقُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ بِغَيْرِ حِسَابٍ
📘 (That Allah may reward them with the best of what they did) in the life of this world, (and increase reward for them of His bounty) for each one nine rewards. (Allah giveth blessings without stint to whom He will) He gives to whom He will without measure, or count or ever reminding them of what He gives them as a favour.
وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا أَعْمَالُهُمْ كَسَرَابٍ بِقِيعَةٍ يَحْسَبُهُ الظَّمْآنُ مَاءً حَتَّىٰ إِذَا جَاءَهُ لَمْ يَجِدْهُ شَيْئًا وَوَجَدَ اللَّهَ عِنْدَهُ فَوَفَّاهُ حِسَابَهُ ۗ وَاللَّهُ سَرِيعُ الْحِسَابِ
📘 (As for those who disbelieve) in Muhammad (pbuh) and in the Qur'an, (their deeds) the similitude of their works in the Hereafter (are as a mirage in a desert. The thirsty one supposeth it to be water) from far (till he cometh unto it and findeth it naught) he finds that it is not water; similarly, the disbeliever will not find any reward for his works in the Hereafter, (and finds, in the place thereof, Allah) and he finds with Allah the punishment for the sins he committed; it is also said that this means: and finds Allah ready to chastise him, (Who payeth him his due) Who inflict on him his punishment; (and Allah is swift at reckoning) Allah is severe in His punishment; it is also said that this means: when Allah takes people to task His reckoning is swift.
وَالَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَأْتُوا بِأَرْبَعَةِ شُهَدَاءَ فَاجْلِدُوهُمْ ثَمَانِينَ جَلْدَةً وَلَا تَقْبَلُوا لَهُمْ شَهَادَةً أَبَدًا ۚ وَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْفَاسِقُونَ
📘 (And those who accuse honourable women) of committing adultery (but bring not four witnesses) four upright, Muslim persons, (scourge them (with)) flog them (eighty stripes) for their slander (and never (afterward) accept their testimony. They indeed are evil-doers) they are sinners because of their slander.
أَوْ كَظُلُمَاتٍ فِي بَحْرٍ لُجِّيٍّ يَغْشَاهُ مَوْجٌ مِنْ فَوْقِهِ مَوْجٌ مِنْ فَوْقِهِ سَحَابٌ ۚ ظُلُمَاتٌ بَعْضُهَا فَوْقَ بَعْضٍ إِذَا أَخْرَجَ يَدَهُ لَمْ يَكَدْ يَرَاهَا ۗ وَمَنْ لَمْ يَجْعَلِ اللَّهُ لَهُ نُورًا فَمَا لَهُ مِنْ نُورٍ
📘 (Or as darkness on a vast, abysmal sea) He says: the similitude of denial in the heart of the disbeliever is like darkness in the depth of a very deep sea. (There covereth him a wave, above which is a wave) another wave, (above which is a cloud) likewise, the heart of the disbeliever, like the denial in his heart, is similar to the darkness of the bottom of the sea; and his heart is like a deep sea; and his chest is like a huge wave, and his works are like a useless cloud, because Allah sealed the disbelievers hearts and hearings and sights. (Layer upon layer of darkness. When he holdeth out his hand he scarce can see it) from intense darkness; likewise, the disbeliever does not see the Truth and guidance because of the intense darkness of his heart. (And he for whom Allah hath not appointed light) knowledge in this worldly life, (for him there is no light) he has no knowledge in the Hereafter; it is also said that this means: the one whom Allah has not honoured with faith in the life of this world, Allah will not honour with faith in the Hereafter.
أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يُسَبِّحُ لَهُ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَالطَّيْرُ صَافَّاتٍ ۖ كُلٌّ قَدْ عَلِمَ صَلَاتَهُ وَتَسْبِيحَهُ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِمَا يَفْعَلُونَ
📘 (Hast thou not seen) have you not been informed, O Muhammad, in the Qur'an (that Allah, He it is Whom all who are in the heavens) of angels (and the earth) of believers (praise) pray to; (and the birds) they praise Him (in their flight) spreading their wings? (Of each) one of them (He knoweth verily the worship) who prays to Him (and the praise) who praises His hymn; it is also said that this means: He knows the prayer of the one who prays to Him and the praises of the one who praises Him; (and Allah is Aware of what they do) of good or evil.
وَلِلَّهِ مُلْكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۖ وَإِلَى اللَّهِ الْمَصِيرُ
📘 (And Unto Allah belongeth the sovereignty) the storehouses (of the heavens) rain (and the earth) vegetation, (and unto Allah is the journeying) the return after death.
أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يُزْجِي سَحَابًا ثُمَّ يُؤَلِّفُ بَيْنَهُ ثُمَّ يَجْعَلُهُ رُكَامًا فَتَرَى الْوَدْقَ يَخْرُجُ مِنْ خِلَالِهِ وَيُنَزِّلُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مِنْ جِبَالٍ فِيهَا مِنْ بَرَدٍ فَيُصِيبُ بِهِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيَصْرِفُهُ عَنْ مَنْ يَشَاءُ ۖ يَكَادُ سَنَا بَرْقِهِ يَذْهَبُ بِالْأَبْصَارِ
📘 (Hast thou not seen) have you not been informed, O Muhammad, in the Qur'an about (how Allah wafteth) drives about (the clouds, then gatherth them) then brings the clouds together, (then maketh them layers, and thou seest the rain come forth from between them) from between the clouds; (He sendeth down from the heaven mountains wherein is hail) He says: He sends down hail from mountains in heaven, (and smiteth therewith) and with hail He punishes (whom He will, and averteth it) and averts its punishment (from whom He will. The flashing of His lightning) the light emanating from lightning in the clouds (all but snatcheth away the sight) from the intensity of its light.
يُقَلِّبُ اللَّهُ اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ ۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَعِبْرَةً لِأُولِي الْأَبْصَارِ
📘 (Allah causeth the revolution of the day and the night) He takes away the night and brings in its stead the day and takes away the day and brings in its stead the night; this is what is meant by their revolution. (Lo! Herein) in the alternation of day and night which I have mentioned (is indeed a lesson) a sign (for those who see) in relation to matters of religion; it is also said that this means: those who see with their eyes.
وَاللَّهُ خَلَقَ كُلَّ دَابَّةٍ مِنْ مَاءٍ ۖ فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَمْشِي عَلَىٰ بَطْنِهِ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَمْشِي عَلَىٰ رِجْلَيْنِ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَمْشِي عَلَىٰ أَرْبَعٍ ۚ يَخْلُقُ اللَّهُ مَا يَشَاءُ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ
📘 (Allah hath created every animal) on the face of the earth (of water) from the water of the male and female. (Of them is (a kind) that goeth upon its belly) like the snake and similar animals (and (a kind) that goeth upon two legs) like human beings and those that are similar to them (and (a kind) that goeth upon four) beasts. (Allah createth what He will) as He wills. (Lo! Allah is Able to do all things) whether this concerns creation or other things.
لَقَدْ أَنْزَلْنَا آيَاتٍ مُبَيِّنَاتٍ ۚ وَاللَّهُ يَهْدِي مَنْ يَشَاءُ إِلَىٰ صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ
📘 (Verily We have sent down revelations and explained them) He says: We sent Gabriel with revelations expositing the commands and prohibitions. (Allah guideth) to His religion (whom He will) and honours whoever deserves it (unto a straight path) an established religion with which He is pleased: i.e. Islam.
وَيَقُولُونَ آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَبِالرَّسُولِ وَأَطَعْنَا ثُمَّ يَتَوَلَّىٰ فَرِيقٌ مِنْهُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ ذَٰلِكَ ۚ وَمَا أُولَٰئِكَ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ
📘 Allah then revealed the following about the folk of 'Uthman who told the latter: " do not go to the Prophet (pbuh) in order to settle your dispute with 'Ali regarding a piece of land, because He will take 'Ali's side " , and 'Uthman rebuked them for saying this: (And they say) i.e. the people of 'Uthman: (We believe in Allah and the messenger) we are sincere in our belief in Allah and the Messenger, (and we obey) that with which we have been commanded; (then after that) after saying this about obeying Allah (a faction of them) of the people of 'Uthman (turn away. Such are not believers) who are sincere in their faith.
وَإِذَا دُعُوا إِلَى اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ لِيَحْكُمَ بَيْنَهُمْ إِذَا فَرِيقٌ مِنْهُمْ مُعْرِضُونَ
📘 (And when they appeal unto Allah) when they are called to the Book of Allah (and His messenger to judge between them) by Allah's Book, (lo! a faction of them are averse) from the Book of Allah and the judgement of the Messenger;
وَإِنْ يَكُنْ لَهُمُ الْحَقُّ يَأْتُوا إِلَيْهِ مُذْعِنِينَ
📘 (But if right had been with them) with the people of 'Uthman (they would have come unto him) to the Prophet (pbuh) (willingly) in haste and obediently.
إِلَّا الَّذِينَ تَابُوا مِنْ بَعْدِ ذَٰلِكَ وَأَصْلَحُوا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ
📘 (Save those who afterward repent) after their slander (and make amends) between themselves and their Lord. ((For such) lo! Allah is Forgiving) He forgives whoever repents, (Merciful) He bestows mercy upon whoever dies repentant. This verse was revealed about 'Abdullah Ibn Ubayy and his host.
أَفِي قُلُوبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ أَمِ ارْتَابُوا أَمْ يَخَافُونَ أَنْ يَحِيفَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَرَسُولُهُ ۚ بَلْ أُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَ
📘 (Is there in their hearts a disease) doubt and hypocrisy, (or have they doubts) concerning Allah and His Messenger, (or fear they lest Allah and His messenger should wrong them in judgement? Nay, but such are evil-doers) who harm themselves and are further hypocrites.
إِنَّمَا كَانَ قَوْلَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِذَا دُعُوا إِلَى اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ لِيَحْكُمَ بَيْنَهُمْ أَنْ يَقُولُوا سَمِعْنَا وَأَطَعْنَا ۚ وَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ
📘 Allah then mentioned what the sincere believers say, saying: (The saying of (all true) believers) such as 'Uthman who said to 'Ali: " rather, I will come with you to the Prophet (pbuh) and I will accept his judgement whatever it is " , and so Allah praised him for saying so, (when they appeal unto Allah) when they are called to the Book of Allah (and His messenger) and to the wont of His Messenger (to judge) for the Prophet to judge (between them) by Allah's Book (is only that they say: We hear and we obey) what we have been commanded with. (And such are the successful) such are the ones, i.e. 'Uthman Ibn 'Affan, who will escape Allah's wrath and chastisement.
وَمَنْ يُطِعِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَيَخْشَ اللَّهَ وَيَتَّقْهِ فَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْفَائِزُونَ
📘 And Allah also revealed about 'Uthman Ibn 'Affan when he said: �O Messenger of Allah! If you so wish, I will give up all my wealth� and so Allah said: (He who obeyeth Allah and His messenger) in His judgement, (and feareth Allah) in that which has passed, (and keepeth duty (unto Him)) in the future: (such indeed are the victorious) they have gained Paradise and are saved from the Fire.
۞ وَأَقْسَمُوا بِاللَّهِ جَهْدَ أَيْمَانِهِمْ لَئِنْ أَمَرْتَهُمْ لَيَخْرُجُنَّ ۖ قُلْ لَا تُقْسِمُوا ۖ طَاعَةٌ مَعْرُوفَةٌ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَبِيرٌ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ
📘 (They swear by Allah solemnly) 'Uthman swore solemnly by Allah (that, if thou order them, they will go forth) he will give up all his wealth. (Say) to them, O Muhammad: (Swear not; known obedience (is better)) if you do so it is a known obedience, but you should obey Allah in relation to that which you have been commanded. (Lo! Allah is Informed of what ye do) of good or evil.
قُلْ أَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ ۖ فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَإِنَّمَا عَلَيْهِ مَا حُمِّلَ وَعَلَيْكُمْ مَا حُمِّلْتُمْ ۖ وَإِنْ تُطِيعُوهُ تَهْتَدُوا ۚ وَمَا عَلَى الرَّسُولِ إِلَّا الْبَلَاغُ الْمُبِينُ
📘 (Say) O Muhammad, to 'Uthman: (Obey Allah) regarding the obligations (and obey the messenger) in his wont and judgement. (But if you turn away) but if they turn away from obeying both, (then (it is) for him (to do) only that wherewith he hath been charged) what he has been commanded to convey, (and for you (to do) only that wherewith you have been charged) what you have been commanded to respond. (If ye obey him) if you obey Allah in that which He commands you, (ye will go aright) and avoid error. (But the messenger hath no other charge than to convey (the message) plainly) from Allah.
وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنْكُمْ وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ لَيَسْتَخْلِفَنَّهُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ كَمَا اسْتَخْلَفَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ وَلَيُمَكِّنَنَّ لَهُمْ دِينَهُمُ الَّذِي ارْتَضَىٰ لَهُمْ وَلَيُبَدِّلَنَّهُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ خَوْفِهِمْ أَمْنًا ۚ يَعْبُدُونَنِي لَا يُشْرِكُونَ بِي شَيْئًا ۚ وَمَنْ كَفَرَ بَعْدَ ذَٰلِكَ فَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْفَاسِقُونَ
📘 (Allah hath promised such of you) O Companions of Muhammad (pbuh) (as believe and do good works) between themselves and their Lord (that He will surely make them to succeed (the present rulers) in the earth (to succeed others)) some of them in succession to others (even as He caused those who were before them) among the Children of Israel: Joshua ben Nun, Caleb ben Jephunneh; it is also said that this means: We shall make them dwell in the land of Mecca as We made those before them, among the Children of Israel, dwell in their land after the destruction of their enemy; (and that He will surely establish for them) He will make triumph (their religion which He hath approved for them) and has chosen for them, (and will give them in exchange) of Mecca (safety) following the destruction of their enemy (after their fear) of the enemy. (They serve Me) in order that they worship Me in Mecca. (They ascribe no thing) no idol (as partner unto Me. Those who disbelieve henceforth) after victory and change of fortune, (they are the miscreants) the disobedient.
وَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتُوا الزَّكَاةَ وَأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُرْحَمُونَ
📘 (Establish worship) perform the five daily prayers (and pay the poor-due) from your wealth (and obey the messenger) in his judgement, (that haply ye may find mercy) and not be punished.
لَا تَحْسَبَنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مُعْجِزِينَ فِي الْأَرْضِ ۚ وَمَأْوَاهُمُ النَّارُ ۖ وَلَبِئْسَ الْمَصِيرُ
📘 (Think not) O Muhammad (that the disbelievers) of Mecca (can escape) from Allah's punishment (in the land. Fire) in the Hereafter (will be their home) their abode, (a hapless journey's end) to which they will return with the satans! This verse was revealed about Abu Jahl and his host.
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لِيَسْتَأْذِنْكُمُ الَّذِينَ مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ وَالَّذِينَ لَمْ يَبْلُغُوا الْحُلُمَ مِنْكُمْ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ ۚ مِنْ قَبْلِ صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ وَحِينَ تَضَعُونَ ثِيَابَكُمْ مِنَ الظَّهِيرَةِ وَمِنْ بَعْدِ صَلَاةِ الْعِشَاءِ ۚ ثَلَاثُ عَوْرَاتٍ لَكُمْ ۚ لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَلَا عَلَيْهِمْ جُنَاحٌ بَعْدَهُنَّ ۚ طَوَّافُونَ عَلَيْكُمْ بَعْضُكُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمُ الْآيَاتِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ
📘 Then the following was revealed when 'Umar said: " I wish that Allah forbids our children and servants from entering in on us except with permission at three times when we are likely to be exposed ": (O ye who believe) in Muhammad (pbuh) and in the Qur'an! (Let your slaves) young slaves, (and those of you who have not come to puberty) among those who are not slaves, (ask leave of you) to enter in on you (at three times: Before the prayer of dawn) from the time of dawn until the beginning of Fajr prayer, (and when ye lay aside your raiment for the heat of noon) for the time of the siesta until the prayer of Zuhr, (and after the prayer of night) and after the 'Isha' prayer to the break of dawn. (Three times of privacy for you). Then Allah gave them dispensation to enter without permission, saying: (It is no sin for them) for the children or young slaves, excepting from this older slaves, (or for you) for the masters of the house (at other times) other than those three times of privacy, (when some of you go round) to serve (attendant upon others) you and them can enter in on each other without permission. As for older children and older slaves they have to ask permission at all times before entering in on their parents or masters. (Thus Allah maketh clear the revelations for you) He explains the commands and prohibitions just as He explained this. (Allah is Knower) He knows what is good for you, (Wise) He decreed that young children and slaves ask permission in those three times of privacy.
وَإِذَا بَلَغَ الْأَطْفَالُ مِنْكُمُ الْحُلُمَ فَلْيَسْتَأْذِنُوا كَمَا اسْتَأْذَنَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ آيَاتِهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ
📘 Allah then mentioned only older children and slaves, saying: (And when the children among you come to puberty) whether they are your own children or your slaves (then let them ask leave) at all times (even as those before them) of their brothers who were mentioned before (used to ask it. Thus Allah maketh clear His revelations) His commands and prohibitions as He explained this (for you. Allah is knower) He knows what is good for you, (Wise) He decreed that older people must ask permission at all times.
وَالَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ أَزْوَاجَهُمْ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ شُهَدَاءُ إِلَّا أَنْفُسُهُمْ فَشَهَادَةُ أَحَدِهِمْ أَرْبَعُ شَهَادَاتٍ بِاللَّهِ ۙ إِنَّهُ لَمِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ
📘 (As for those who accuse their wives) of committing adultery (but have no witnesses) for their accusation (except themselves; let the testimony of one of them be four testimonies, (swearing) by Allah) other than Whom there is no god (that he is of those who speak the Truth) about his accusation of his wife;
وَالْقَوَاعِدُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ اللَّاتِي لَا يَرْجُونَ نِكَاحًا فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِنَّ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ يَضَعْنَ ثِيَابَهُنَّ غَيْرَ مُتَبَرِّجَاتٍ بِزِينَةٍ ۖ وَأَنْ يَسْتَعْفِفْنَ خَيْرٌ لَهُنَّ ۗ وَاللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ
📘 (As for women past child-bearing, who have no hope of marriage) and do not need to get married, (it is no sin for them) for such women (if they discard their (outer) clothing) in front of strange people (in such a way as not to show adornment) without adorning themselves or showing their adornment to strangers. (But to refrain) to keep their outer garment on (is better for them) than discarding it. (Allah is Hearer) He hears what they say, (Knower) He knows their deeds.
لَيْسَ عَلَى الْأَعْمَىٰ حَرَجٌ وَلَا عَلَى الْأَعْرَجِ حَرَجٌ وَلَا عَلَى الْمَرِيضِ حَرَجٌ وَلَا عَلَىٰ أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَنْ تَأْكُلُوا مِنْ بُيُوتِكُمْ أَوْ بُيُوتِ آبَائِكُمْ أَوْ بُيُوتِ أُمَّهَاتِكُمْ أَوْ بُيُوتِ إِخْوَانِكُمْ أَوْ بُيُوتِ أَخَوَاتِكُمْ أَوْ بُيُوتِ أَعْمَامِكُمْ أَوْ بُيُوتِ عَمَّاتِكُمْ أَوْ بُيُوتِ أَخْوَالِكُمْ أَوْ بُيُوتِ خَالَاتِكُمْ أَوْ مَا مَلَكْتُمْ مَفَاتِحَهُ أَوْ صَدِيقِكُمْ ۚ لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ تَأْكُلُوا جَمِيعًا أَوْ أَشْتَاتًا ۚ فَإِذَا دَخَلْتُمْ بُيُوتًا فَسَلِّمُوا عَلَىٰ أَنْفُسِكُمْ تَحِيَّةً مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ مُبَارَكَةً طَيِّبَةً ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمُ الْآيَاتِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَعْقِلُونَ
📘 Allah then revealed the following when the believers found it hard to eat with each other for fear of transgressing, because of Allah's saying (And eat not up your property among yourselves in vanity), and so Allah gave them dispensation to eat with each other saying: (No blame is there upon the blind) He says: there is no sin for the one who eats with the blind (nor any blame upon the lame) and there is no sin for the one who eats with the lame (nor any blame upon the sick) and there is no sin for the one who eats with the sick (nor on yourselves) a sin (if ye eat from your houses) from the houses of your children without asking permission but with moderation, (or the houses of your fathers, or the houses of your mothers, or the houses of your brothers) whether blood brothers, half brothers or milk brothers, (or the houses of your sisters) whether blood sisters, half sisters or milk sisters, (or the houses of your fathers' brothers, or the houses of your fathers' sisters, or the houses of your mothers' brothers, or the houses of your mothers' sisters, or (from that) whereof ye hold the keys) from that of which you hold the stores of what you have of wealth, i.e. male and female slaves, (or (from the house) of a friend) this was revealed about Malik Ibn Zayd and al-Harth Ibn 'Ammar who were friends. (No sin shall it be for you whether ye eat together) in moderation (or apart) and in this are included the blind, the lame, the sick and other categories of people. (But when ye enter houses) i.e. your houses or mosques and find no one there, (salute one another) say: �peace be upon us from our Lord� (with a greeting from Allah) as an honour from Allah to you, (blessed) with reward (and sweet) with forgiveness. (Thus Allah maketh clear His revelations) He exposits the commands and prohibitions just as He exposited this (for you, that haply ye may understand) what you have been commanded with.
إِنَّمَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَإِذَا كَانُوا مَعَهُ عَلَىٰ أَمْرٍ جَامِعٍ لَمْ يَذْهَبُوا حَتَّىٰ يَسْتَأْذِنُوهُ ۚ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَسْتَأْذِنُونَكَ أُولَٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ۚ فَإِذَا اسْتَأْذَنُوكَ لِبَعْضِ شَأْنِهِمْ فَأْذَنْ لِمَنْ شِئْتَ مِنْهُمْ وَاسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمُ اللَّهَ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ
📘 (They only are the true believers who believe in Allah and His messenger) privately and in the open (and, when they are with him) with the Prophet (pbuh) (on some common errand) on Friday or in a military expedition, (go not away) from the mosque or from the military expedition (until they have asked leave of him) ask permission from the Prophet (pbuh). (Lo! those who ask leave of thee) O Muhammad to return from the battle of Tabuk; this refers to 'Umar Ibn al-Khattab who asked the Prophet (pbuh) to give him leave to return to Medina because of an ailment which visited him, (those are they who believe in Allah and His messenger) in private and openly. (So, if they ask thy leave) so if sincere believers ask you, O Muhammad, (for some affair of theirs) for a need of theirs, (give leave to whom thou wilt of them) of the sincere believers, (and ask for them forgiveness of Allah) regarding that for which they have gone. (Lo! Allah is Forgiving) He forgives the one who repents, (Merciful) He shows mercy towards the one who dies repentant.
لَا تَجْعَلُوا دُعَاءَ الرَّسُولِ بَيْنَكُمْ كَدُعَاءِ بَعْضِكُمْ بَعْضًا ۚ قَدْ يَعْلَمُ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ يَتَسَلَّلُونَ مِنْكُمْ لِوَاذًا ۚ فَلْيَحْذَرِ الَّذِينَ يُخَالِفُونَ عَنْ أَمْرِهِ أَنْ تُصِيبَهُمْ فِتْنَةٌ أَوْ يُصِيبَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ
📘 (Make not the calling of the messenger among you) i.e. do not call the Prophet (pbuh) by his name saying: O Muhammad, (as your calling one of another) by name. You should rather respect him, show deference towards him and honour him by saying: " O Prophet of Allah " , " O Messenger of Allah " , " O Abu'l-Qasim ": (Allah knoweth those of you who steal away) from the mosque, (hiding themselves) the hypocrites used to leave the mosque without permission when no one could see them. (And let those who conspire to evade orders) the orders of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh); it is also said that this means: the orders of Allah (beware lest grief) a calamity (or painful punishment) beating (befall them.
أَلَا إِنَّ لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۖ قَدْ يَعْلَمُ مَا أَنْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ وَيَوْمَ يُرْجَعُونَ إِلَيْهِ فَيُنَبِّئُهُمْ بِمَا عَمِلُوا ۗ وَاللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ
📘 Lo! verily Unto Allah belongeth whatsoever is in the heavens and the earth) of created beings. (He knoweth your condition) whether it is disbelief or faith, trueness or denial, sincerity or hypocrisy, uprightness or crookedness, etc. (And (He knoweth) the Day when they are returned unto Him) unto Allah on the Day of Judgement (so that He may inform them of what they did) in this worldly life. (Allah is Knower of all things) concerning their works'.
وَالْخَامِسَةُ أَنَّ لَعْنَتَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ إِنْ كَانَ مِنَ الْكَاذِبِينَ
📘 (And yet a fifth, invoking the curse of Allah on him) and on the fifth the man should invoke Allah's curse on himself (if he is of those who lie) about his wife having committed adultery.
وَيَدْرَأُ عَنْهَا الْعَذَابَ أَنْ تَشْهَدَ أَرْبَعَ شَهَادَاتٍ بِاللَّهِ ۙ إِنَّهُ لَمِنَ الْكَاذِبِينَ
📘 (And it shall avert) the judge will abstain from applying (the punishment from her) the punishment of stoning on the accused wife (if she bear witness before Allah four times) if the woman swears four times by Allah with Whom there is no other god (that the thing he) her husband (saith is indeed false) is untrue,
وَالْخَامِسَةَ أَنَّ غَضَبَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهَا إِنْ كَانَ مِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ
📘 (And a fifth (time) that the wrath of Allah be upon her) upon the wife (if he) her husband (speaketh truth) is true about what he says about her.
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