🕋 تفسير سورة الزخرف
(Az-Zukhruf) • المصدر: EN-TAFSIR-IBN-ABBAS
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ حم
📘 And from his narration on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas that he said in the interpretation of Allah's saying (Ha. Mim.): '(Ha. Mim.) He says: He has already decreed that which will happen, i.e. He has shown it.
الَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ الْأَرْضَ مَهْدًا وَجَعَلَ لَكُمْ فِيهَا سُبُلًا لَعَلَّكُمْ تَهْتَدُونَ
📘 Allah says: yes, He created them Him (Who made the earth a resting place for you, and placed roads for you therein, that haply ye may find your way) by means of the roads;
وَالَّذِي نَزَّلَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً بِقَدَرٍ فَأَنْشَرْنَا بِهِ بَلْدَةً مَيْتًا ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ تُخْرَجُونَ
📘 (And who sendeth down water) rain (from the sky in (due) measure) according to the knowledge of the storer, (and We revive a dead land therewith) and We revive through it a barren land that had hitherto no vegetation. (Even so will ye be brought forth) Even so you will be revived and brought forth from the graves as We revive the barren land and bring forth from it vegetation;
وَالَّذِي خَلَقَ الْأَزْوَاجَ كُلَّهَا وَجَعَلَ لَكُمْ مِنَ الْفُلْكِ وَالْأَنْعَامِ مَا تَرْكَبُونَ
📘 (He Who created all the pairs) all the different kinds of created beings, (and appointed for you) and created for you (ships and cattle whereupon ye ride.
لِتَسْتَوُوا عَلَىٰ ظُهُورِهِ ثُمَّ تَذْكُرُوا نِعْمَةَ رَبِّكُمْ إِذَا اسْتَوَيْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ وَتَقُولُوا سُبْحَانَ الَّذِي سَخَّرَ لَنَا هَٰذَا وَمَا كُنَّا لَهُ مُقْرِنِينَ
📘 That ye may mount upon their backs) i.e. the backs of camels, (and may remember your Lord's favour) for making them subdued for you (when ye mount thereon, and may say: Glorified be He Who hath subdued these) camels (unto us, and we were not capable (of subduing them)) and we were not capable of owning them or making them subdued;
وَإِنَّا إِلَىٰ رَبِّنَا لَمُنْقَلِبُونَ
📘 (And lo! unto our Lord we are returning) after we die.
وَجَعَلُوا لَهُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ جُزْءًا ۚ إِنَّ الْإِنْسَانَ لَكَفُورٌ مُبِينٌ
📘 (And they allot to Him) they ascribe to Him (a portion of His bondmen) i.e. the angels! They claimed, i.e. Banu Malih, that the angels were Allah's daughters. (Lo! Man) i.e. the Banu Malih (is verily a mere ingrate) a disbeliever in Allah whose disbelief is quite apparent.
أَمِ اتَّخَذَ مِمَّا يَخْلُقُ بَنَاتٍ وَأَصْفَاكُمْ بِالْبَنِينَ
📘 (Or chooseth He daughters of all that He hath created) i.e. of the angels, (and honours) and choose (He you) i.e. the Banu Malih (with sons?
وَإِذَا بُشِّرَ أَحَدُهُمْ بِمَا ضَرَبَ لِلرَّحْمَٰنِ مَثَلًا ظَلَّ وَجْهُهُ مُسْوَدًّا وَهُوَ كَظِيمٌ
📘 And if one of them) one of the Banu Malih (hath tidings of that which he likeneth) of that which he ascribes (to the Beneficent One) i.e. daughters, (his countenance becometh black) of grief (and he is full of inward rage) would you then, O Banu Malih, like for Allah that which you do not like for yourselves?
أَوَمَنْ يُنَشَّأُ فِي الْحِلْيَةِ وَهُوَ فِي الْخِصَامِ غَيْرُ مُبِينٍ
📘 ((Liken they then to Allah) that which is bred up in outward show) in ornaments of gold and silver, (and in dispute) in speech (cannot make itself plain) whose argument is not strong, i.e. women, how could they be the daughters of Allah?
وَجَعَلُوا الْمَلَائِكَةَ الَّذِينَ هُمْ عِبَادُ الرَّحْمَٰنِ إِنَاثًا ۚ أَشَهِدُوا خَلْقَهُمْ ۚ سَتُكْتَبُ شَهَادَتُهُمْ وَيُسْأَلُونَ
📘 (And they make the angels, who are the slaves of the Beneficent, females) the daughters of Allah. (Did they witness their creation) when they were created for them to know that they are females? They said: �no, O Muhammad, we did not witness their creation but we heard our fathers saying so�. Allah will say: �O Muhammad!� (Their testimony will be recorded) that they lie against Allah when they claim that the angels are Allah's daughters (and they will be questioned) about this claim on the Day of Judgement. In other words, when they claimed that the angels are Allah's daughters, they were asked: �did you witness their creation?� They said: �No!� �How did you then come to the conclusion that the angels are females and Allah's daughters?� They said: �We heard this from our fathers�. Allah said that their claim about the angels will be recorded and they will be questioned about it on the Day of Judgement.
وَالْكِتَابِ الْمُبِينِ
📘 (By the Scripture which maketh plain) he says: and I swear by the Scripture which makes plain the lawful and unlawful, the commands and prohibitions that that which will happen has already been decreed; it is also said Allah swore by the (Ha) and (Mim) and also by the Scripture which makes plain the commands and prohibitions, the lawful and unlawful,
وَقَالُوا لَوْ شَاءَ الرَّحْمَٰنُ مَا عَبَدْنَاهُمْ ۗ مَا لَهُمْ بِذَٰلِكَ مِنْ عِلْمٍ ۖ إِنْ هُمْ إِلَّا يَخْرُصُونَ
📘 (And they) i.e. the Banu Malih (say: If the Beneficent One had (so) willed) if the Beneficent one had repelled and warned us, (we should not have worshipped them) they said this out of mockery, �but He commanded us to worship them and never warned us against such a worship�. (They have no knowledge whatsoever of that) they have no proof or warrant for what they say. (They do but guess) they do but lie against Allah because they were forbidden from worshipping them.
أَمْ آتَيْنَاهُمْ كِتَابًا مِنْ قَبْلِهِ فَهُمْ بِهِ مُسْتَمْسِكُونَ
📘 (Or have We given them any Scripture before) this Qur'an (so that they are holding fast thereto) so that they take such a belief from this Scripture?
بَلْ قَالُوا إِنَّا وَجَدْنَا آبَاءَنَا عَلَىٰ أُمَّةٍ وَإِنَّا عَلَىٰ آثَارِهِمْ مُهْتَدُونَ
📘 They said: �We do not have, O Muhammad, any other Scripture; but we found our fathers on this belief�. Allah said: (Nay, for they say only: Lo! we found our fathers following a religion, and we are guided by their footprints) and we are following their religion and actions.
وَكَذَٰلِكَ مَا أَرْسَلْنَا مِنْ قَبْلِكَ فِي قَرْيَةٍ مِنْ نَذِيرٍ إِلَّا قَالَ مُتْرَفُوهَا إِنَّا وَجَدْنَا آبَاءَنَا عَلَىٰ أُمَّةٍ وَإِنَّا عَلَىٰ آثَارِهِمْ مُقْتَدُونَ
📘 (And even so) just as your own folk said (We sent not a warner) a warning prophet (before thee (Muhammad) into any township) to the inhabitants of any township (but its luxurious ones) the tyrants among them (said: Lo! We found our fathers following a religion) following this religion, (and we are following their footprints) and we are emulating their religion and actions.
۞ قَالَ أَوَلَوْ جِئْتُكُمْ بِأَهْدَىٰ مِمَّا وَجَدْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ آبَاءَكُمْ ۖ قَالُوا إِنَّا بِمَا أُرْسِلْتُمْ بِهِ كَافِرُونَ
📘 (Say) to them, O Muhammad: (What! Even though I bring you better guidance) a truer religion (than that ye found your fathers following) would you not accept it? (They answered: Lo! in what ye bring) of Scripture (we are disbelievers) we are deniers.
فَانْتَقَمْنَا مِنْهُمْ ۖ فَانْظُرْ كَيْفَ كَانَ عَاقِبَةُ الْمُكَذِّبِينَ
📘 (So We requited them) by sending punishment upon them when they denied the messengers and Scriptures. (Then see the nature of the consequence for the rejecters) then see the ultimate end of the deniers of Scriptures and messengers!
وَإِذْ قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ لِأَبِيهِ وَقَوْمِهِ إِنَّنِي بَرَاءٌ مِمَّا تَعْبُدُونَ
📘 (And when Abraham said unto his father) Azar (and his folk) when He was sent to them: (Lo! I am innocent of what ye worship
إِلَّا الَّذِي فَطَرَنِي فَإِنَّهُ سَيَهْدِينِ
📘 Save Him Who did create me) except He Whom I worship, He Who created me, (for He will surely guide me) He will preserve me on His religion and obedience.
وَجَعَلَهَا كَلِمَةً بَاقِيَةً فِي عَقِبِهِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْجِعُونَ
📘 (And he made It) i.e. �there is no deity except Allah� (a word enduring) firm (among his seed) the offspring of Abraham, (that haply they might return) that his folk may return from their disbelief to the belief in Allah's divine Oneness.
بَلْ مَتَّعْتُ هَٰؤُلَاءِ وَآبَاءَهُمْ حَتَّىٰ جَاءَهُمُ الْحَقُّ وَرَسُولٌ مُبِينٌ
📘 (Nay, but I let these) the people of Mecca (and their fathers) before them (enjoy life (only) till there should come unto them the Truth) the Scripture (and a messenger making plain) who explains the Truth to these people in a language they understand.
إِنَّا جَعَلْنَاهُ قُرْآنًا عَرَبِيًّا لَعَلَّكُمْ تَعْقِلُونَ
📘 (Lo! We have appointed it) We have spoken it, i.e. the Qur'an (a Lecture in Arabic) in the Arabic usage, hence the oath, (that haply ye may understand) so that you may know what is in the Qur'an of the lawful and unlawful, commands and prohibitions.
وَلَمَّا جَاءَهُمُ الْحَقُّ قَالُوا هَٰذَا سِحْرٌ وَإِنَّا بِهِ كَافِرُونَ
📘 (And now that the Truth) the Scripture and Messenger (hath come unto them they say: This) i.e. this Scripture (is mere magic) is a mere lie, (and lo! we are disbelievers therein) in Muhammad (pbuh) and the Qur'an.
وَقَالُوا لَوْلَا نُزِّلَ هَٰذَا الْقُرْآنُ عَلَىٰ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْقَرْيَتَيْنِ عَظِيمٍ
📘 (And they) i.e. the people of Mecca: al-Walid and his host (say: If only this Qur'an had been revealed to some great man of the two towns) i.e. to al-Walid Ibn al-Mughirah and Abu Mas'ud al-Thaqafi from Mecca and Ta'if respectively?
أَهُمْ يَقْسِمُونَ رَحْمَتَ رَبِّكَ ۚ نَحْنُ قَسَمْنَا بَيْنَهُمْ مَعِيشَتَهُمْ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا ۚ وَرَفَعْنَا بَعْضَهُمْ فَوْقَ بَعْضٍ دَرَجَاتٍ لِيَتَّخِذَ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا سُخْرِيًّا ۗ وَرَحْمَتُ رَبِّكَ خَيْرٌ مِمَّا يَجْمَعُونَ
📘 (Is it they who apportion their Lord's mercy) i.e. your Lord's prophethood and Scriptures, such that they give it to whoever they will? (We have apportioned among them their livelihood) their wealth and children (in the life of the world, and raised some of them above others in rank) and We raised the merits of some above others in relation to wealth and offspring (that some of them may take labour from others) that some may use others in the capacity of servants and slaves; (and the mercy of thy Lord) i.e. prophethood and Scripture; and it is also said that this means: Paradise for the believers (is better than (the wealth) that they amass) is better than what the disbelievers amass of wealth and adornment in the life of the world.
وَلَوْلَا أَنْ يَكُونَ النَّاسُ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً لَجَعَلْنَا لِمَنْ يَكْفُرُ بِالرَّحْمَٰنِ لِبُيُوتِهِمْ سُقُفًا مِنْ فِضَّةٍ وَمَعَارِجَ عَلَيْهَا يَظْهَرُونَ
📘 (And were it not that mankind would have become one community) i.e. follow one religion, the religion of disbelief, (We might well have appointed, for those who disbelieve in the Beneficent, roofs) the roofs of their houses (of silver for their houses and stairs (of silver) whereby to mount) whereby to climb,
وَلِبُيُوتِهِمْ أَبْوَابًا وَسُرُرًا عَلَيْهَا يَتَّكِئُونَ
📘 (And for their houses doors (of silver) and couches of silver whereon to recline) to sleep,
وَزُخْرُفًا ۚ وَإِنْ كُلُّ ذَٰلِكَ لَمَّا مَتَاعُ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا ۚ وَالْآخِرَةُ عِنْدَ رَبِّكَ لِلْمُتَّقِينَ
📘 (And ornaments of gold) and all the gold and silver utensils of their houses. (Yet all that would have been but a provision of the life of the world) yet all that would be but the stuff of the life of the world. (And the Hereafter) i.e. Paradise (with your Lord would have been for those who keep from evil) for those who ward off disbelief, idolatry and indecencies; this is much better than the stuff of the life of the world.
وَمَنْ يَعْشُ عَنْ ذِكْرِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ نُقَيِّضْ لَهُ شَيْطَانًا فَهُوَ لَهُ قَرِينٌ
📘 (And he whose sight is dim to the remembrance of the Beneficent) and he who is blind to the declaration of the divine Oneness and Scripture of the Beneficent, (We assign unto him a devil who becometh his comrade) in the life of the world and in the Fire;
وَإِنَّهُمْ لَيَصُدُّونَهُمْ عَنِ السَّبِيلِ وَيَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّهُمْ مُهْتَدُونَ
📘 (And lo! They) i.e. the devils (surely turn them from the way of Allah) from the Truth and guidance, (and yet they deem that they are rightly guided) to the Truth and guidance;
حَتَّىٰ إِذَا جَاءَنَا قَالَ يَا لَيْتَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكَ بُعْدَ الْمَشْرِقَيْنِ فَبِئْسَ الْقَرِينُ
📘 (Till, when he) i.e. the son of Adam along with his comrade the devil, tied to one chain (cometh unto Us, he saith) unto his devil comrade: (Ah, would that between me and thee there were the distance of the two horizons, an evil comrade) and friend!
وَلَنْ يَنْفَعَكُمُ الْيَوْمَ إِذْ ظَلَمْتُمْ أَنَّكُمْ فِي الْعَذَابِ مُشْتَرِكُونَ
📘 (And it profiteth you not) Allah says: it profits you not (this day) such talk, (because ye did wrong) because you disbelieved in the life of the world, (that ye will be sharers in the doom) the devils and the children of Adam.
وَإِنَّهُ فِي أُمِّ الْكِتَابِ لَدَيْنَا لَعَلِيٌّ حَكِيمٌ
📘 (And lo! in the Source of Decrees) in the Guarded Tablet, (which We possess) where it is written, (it) i.e. the Qur'an (is indeed sublime) exalted, noble and glorious, (decisive) in explaining the lawful and the unlawful,
أَفَأَنْتَ تُسْمِعُ الصُّمَّ أَوْ تَهْدِي الْعُمْيَ وَمَنْ كَانَ فِي ضَلَالٍ مُبِينٍ
📘 (Canst thou) O Muhammad (make the deaf to hear) make the one who pretends to be deaf hear the Truth and guidance, (or canst thou guide the blind) or guide the disbeliever to see the Truth and guidance (or him who is in error manifest) whom you cannot guide to the guidance?
فَإِمَّا نَذْهَبَنَّ بِكَ فَإِنَّا مِنْهُمْ مُنْتَقِمُونَ
📘 (And if We take thee away) if We make you die, (We surely shall take vengeance on them) by punishing them,
أَوْ نُرِيَنَّكَ الَّذِي وَعَدْنَاهُمْ فَإِنَّا عَلَيْهِمْ مُقْتَدِرُونَ
📘 (Or (if) We show thee that wherewith We threaten them) on the Day of Badr; (for lo! We have complete command of them) We are able to punish them before your death and after it.
فَاسْتَمْسِكْ بِالَّذِي أُوحِيَ إِلَيْكَ ۖ إِنَّكَ عَلَىٰ صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ
📘 (So hold thou fast to) act upon (that which is inspired in you) i.e. the Qur'an. (Lo! thou) O Muhammad (art on a right path) are on an established religion with which Allah is pleased.
وَإِنَّهُ لَذِكْرٌ لَكَ وَلِقَوْمِكَ ۖ وَسَوْفَ تُسْأَلُونَ
📘 (And lo!) i.e. the Qur'an (is in truth a Reminder for thee) an honour for you (and for thy folk) the Quraysh because it is revealed in their own language; (and ye will be questioned) about the gratitude which is owed to such an honour.
وَاسْأَلْ مَنْ أَرْسَلْنَا مِنْ قَبْلِكَ مِنْ رُسُلِنَا أَجَعَلْنَا مِنْ دُونِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ آلِهَةً يُعْبَدُونَ
📘 (And ask those of Our messengers) such as Jesus, Moses and Abraham; this was on the night when he was taken up to heaven and he led in prayer 70 prophets, among whom were Abraham, Moses and Jesus. Allah commanded His Prophet, saying: ask them (whom We sent before thee) O Muhammad: (Did We ever appoint gods to be worshipped beside the Beneficent) did We command that any other deity beside the Beneficent be worshipped? It is also said that this means: ask those unto whom We sent the messengers before you, i.e. the people of Book, did We appoint any other deities beside the Beneficent to be worshipped? And it is also said that this means: ask them, did the messengers bring anything other than the profession of Allah's divine Oneness; the Prophet did not have to ask because he was certain that Allah did not appoint any other deities to be worshipped beside Him.
وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا مُوسَىٰ بِآيَاتِنَا إِلَىٰ فِرْعَوْنَ وَمَلَئِهِ فَقَالَ إِنِّي رَسُولُ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ
📘 (And verily We sent Moses with Our revelations) the hand and the staff (unto Pharaoh and his chiefs) and his folk the Copts, (and he said: I am a messenger of the Lord of the Worlds) to you.
فَلَمَّا جَاءَهُمْ بِآيَاتِنَا إِذَا هُمْ مِنْهَا يَضْحَكُونَ
📘 (But when he) Moses (brought them Our tokens) the hand and the staff, (behold! they laughed at them) they were first amazed but then mocked these signs, refusing thus to believe in them.
وَمَا نُرِيهِمْ مِنْ آيَةٍ إِلَّا هِيَ أَكْبَرُ مِنْ أُخْتِهَا ۖ وَأَخَذْنَاهُمْ بِالْعَذَابِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْجِعُونَ
📘 (And every token) sign (that We showed them was greater than its sister (token)) that We sent before it, even so they refused to believe, (and we grasped them with the torment) with the flood, locusts, lice, frogs, blood, shortage of foodstuffs and years of drought, (that haply they might turn again) that haply they might desist from their disbelief.
وَقَالُوا يَا أَيُّهَ السَّاحِرُ ادْعُ لَنَا رَبَّكَ بِمَا عَهِدَ عِنْدَكَ إِنَّنَا لَمُهْتَدُونَ
📘 (And they said: O wizard) O knowledgeable wizard, as a form of respect, because magicians were venerated amongst them; (Entreat thy Lord for us by the pact that He hath made with thee) ask your Lord by the pact Allah made with you-the pact was that if they believed He will remove His punishment from them-this is why they asked him by the pact that Allah had made. (Lo! we verily will walk aright) we will believe in you and in that which you brought.
أَفَنَضْرِبُ عَنْكُمُ الذِّكْرَ صَفْحًا أَنْ كُنْتُمْ قَوْمًا مُسْرِفِينَ
📘 (Shall We utterly ignore you) shall We remove from you, O people of Mecca, the revelation and the Messenger? Or shall We leave you uncared for, without commands or prohibitions (because ye are a wanton folk) because you are idolatrous folk who do not believe in Allah, as is in His foreknowledge?
فَلَمَّا كَشَفْنَا عَنْهُمُ الْعَذَابَ إِذَا هُمْ يَنْكُثُونَ
📘 (But when We eased them of the torment) when We removed the torment from them, (behold! they broke their word) they broke their undertaking and refused to believe.
وَنَادَىٰ فِرْعَوْنُ فِي قَوْمِهِ قَالَ يَا قَوْمِ أَلَيْسَ لِي مُلْكُ مِصْرَ وَهَٰذِهِ الْأَنْهَارُ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِي ۖ أَفَلَا تُبْصِرُونَ
📘 (And Pharaoh caused a proclamation to be made among his people) Pharaoh delivered a sermon to his people, the Copts, (saying: O my people! Is not mine the sovereignty of Egypt) which is 40 square parasangs (and these rivers flowing under me) around me; it is also said what he meant here is: and these horses run around me? (Can ye not then discern?
أَمْ أَنَا خَيْرٌ مِنْ هَٰذَا الَّذِي هُوَ مَهِينٌ وَلَا يَكَادُ يُبِينُ
📘 I am surely better than this fellow, who is despicable) physically weak, (and can hardly make (his meaning) plain) his argument plain!
فَلَوْلَا أُلْقِيَ عَلَيْهِ أَسْوِرَةٌ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ أَوْ جَاءَ مَعَهُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ مُقْتَرِنِينَ
📘 (Why, then, have armlets of gold not been set upon him) as you yourselves are wearing, (or angels sent along with him) to help him and affirm the message with which he is sent?
فَاسْتَخَفَّ قَوْمَهُ فَأَطَاعُوهُ ۚ إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا قَوْمًا فَاسِقِينَ
📘 (Thus he persuaded his people) the Copts (to make light (of Moses), and they obeyed him) in what he said. (Lo! they were a wanton folk) they were disbelieving folk.
فَلَمَّا آسَفُونَا انْتَقَمْنَا مِنْهُمْ فَأَغْرَقْنَاهُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ
📘 (So, when they angered Us) when they angered Our Prophet Moses, and tended to anger Us, (We punished them and drowned them every one) in the sea.
فَجَعَلْنَاهُمْ سَلَفًا وَمَثَلًا لِلْآخِرِينَ
📘 (And We made them a thing past) by means of the punishment, (and an example) and a lesson (for those after (them)) for those who remained after them.
۞ وَلَمَّا ضُرِبَ ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ مَثَلًا إِذَا قَوْمُكَ مِنْهُ يَصِدُّونَ
📘 (And when the son of Mary is quoted as an example) they likened him to their deities, (behold! the folk laugh out) upon hearing the words of 'Abdullah al-Zib'ari and his folk,
وَقَالُوا أَآلِهَتُنَا خَيْرٌ أَمْ هُوَ ۚ مَا ضَرَبُوهُ لَكَ إِلَّا جَدَلًا ۚ بَلْ هُمْ قَوْمٌ خَصِمُونَ
📘 (And say) i.e. 'Abdullah al-Zib'ari: (Are our gods better) O Muhammad, (or is he) i.e. Jesus the son of Mary? For if he is allowed in the Fire with the Christians, we are also allowed therein with our deities. (They raise not the objection) they do not mention Jesus the son of Mary (save for argument) save for wrangling and dispute. (Nay! but they are a contentious folk) they argue in defence of falsehood.
إِنْ هُوَ إِلَّا عَبْدٌ أَنْعَمْنَا عَلَيْهِ وَجَعَلْنَاهُ مَثَلًا لِبَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ
📘 (He is nothing) i.e. Jesus the son of Mary (but a slave on whom We bestowed favour) by entrusting him with the message and he is nothing like their deities, (and We made him a pattern) a lesson (for the Children of Israel) in that he was born without a father.
وَكَمْ أَرْسَلْنَا مِنْ نَبِيٍّ فِي الْأَوَّلِينَ
📘 (How many a Prophet did We send) did We send before you, O Muhammad, (among the men of old) among bygone nations; We knew that they would not believe, but We nonetheless did not leave them without messengers and Scriptures!
وَلَوْ نَشَاءُ لَجَعَلْنَا مِنْكُمْ مَلَائِكَةً فِي الْأَرْضِ يَخْلُفُونَ
📘 (And had We willed We could have set among you) in your own places; and it is said this means: had We willed We would have created instead of you (angels to be vicegerents in the earth) angels instead of you; it is also said this means: angels to walk in the earth instead of you.
وَإِنَّهُ لَعِلْمٌ لِلسَّاعَةِ فَلَا تَمْتَرُنَّ بِهَا وَاتَّبِعُونِ ۚ هَٰذَا صِرَاطٌ مُسْتَقِيمٌ
📘 (And lo! Verily) in the coming of Jesus the son of Mary (there is knowledge of the Hour) there is an indication of the coming of the Hour; it is also said that this means: his coming is a sign of the advent of the Hour. (So doubt ye not concerning it) so have no doubt in the coming of the Hour, (but follow Me) by professing Allah's divine Oneness. (This) profession of divine Oneness (is the right path) an established religion with which Allah is pleased: i.e. the religion of Islam.
وَلَا يَصُدَّنَّكُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ ۖ إِنَّهُ لَكُمْ عَدُوٌّ مُبِينٌ
📘 (And let not Satan turn you aside) let not Satan turn you away from the religion of Islam or from belief in the coming of the Hour. (Lo! he is an open enemy for you) whose enmity is quite manifest.
وَلَمَّا جَاءَ عِيسَىٰ بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ قَالَ قَدْ جِئْتُكُمْ بِالْحِكْمَةِ وَلِأُبَيِّنَ لَكُمْ بَعْضَ الَّذِي تَخْتَلِفُونَ فِيهِ ۖ فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُونِ
📘 (When Jesus came with clear proofs (of Allah's Sovereignty)) when he came with commands, prohibitions and marvels, (he said: I have come unto you with wisdom) with commands, prohibitions and prophethood, (and to make plain some of that concerning which ye differ) that which you contravene in the matter of religion. (So keep your duty to Allah) so fear Allah in that which He commands you, (and obey me) follow my counsel and words.
إِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ رَبِّي وَرَبُّكُمْ فَاعْبُدُوهُ ۚ هَٰذَا صِرَاطٌ مُسْتَقِيمٌ
📘 (Lo! Allah, He is my Lord) my Creator (and your Lord) and your Creator. (So worship Him) believe in His divine Oneness. (This is a right path) this is an established religion with which He is pleased.
فَاخْتَلَفَ الْأَحْزَابُ مِنْ بَيْنِهِمْ ۖ فَوَيْلٌ لِلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا مِنْ عَذَابِ يَوْمٍ أَلِيمٍ
📘 (But the factions) the Christians (among them differed) for some said he was the son of Allah, the Nestorians, some said he is Allah, the Jacobites, others said he is Allah's partner, the Melkites, and others said he is one of three hypostases, al-Marqusiyyah. (Then woe) severe punishment is (unto those who do wrong) to those who became different factions concerning Jesus (from the doom of a painful day.
هَلْ يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَّا السَّاعَةَ أَنْ تَأْتِيَهُمْ بَغْتَةً وَهُمْ لَا يَشْعُرُونَ
📘 Await they) if they do not repent of their claims (aught save the Hour) save the coming of the Hour, (that it shall come upon them suddenly, when they know not) when they are not aware of the descent of punishment upon them?
الْأَخِلَّاءُ يَوْمَئِذٍ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ عَدُوٌّ إِلَّا الْمُتَّقِينَ
📘 (Friends) in sin, such as 'Uqbah Ibn Abi Ma'it and Ubayy Ibn Khalaf (on that day) on the Day of Judgement (will be foes one to another, save those who kept their duty (to Allah)) except those who ward off disbelief, idolatry and indecencies, such as Abu Bakr, 'Umar, 'Uthman, 'Ali and their fellow believers, for these are not like that.
يَا عِبَادِ لَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْكُمُ الْيَوْمَ وَلَا أَنْتُمْ تَحْزَنُونَ
📘 Allah will then say: (O My slaves! For you there is no fear this day) when others are in fear, (nor is it ye who grieve) when others are in grief;
الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِآيَاتِنَا وَكَانُوا مُسْلِمِينَ
📘 ((Ye) who believed Our revelations) Muhammad (pbuh) and the Qur'an (and were self surrendered) sincere to Allah in their worship and confession of Allah's divine Oneness,
وَمَا يَأْتِيهِمْ مِنْ نَبِيٍّ إِلَّا كَانُوا بِهِ يَسْتَهْزِئُونَ
📘 (And never came there unto them) i.e. to these past nations (a Prophet but they used to mock him) i.e. they used to mock the Prophet.
ادْخُلُوا الْجَنَّةَ أَنْتُمْ وَأَزْوَاجُكُمْ تُحْبَرُونَ
📘 (Enter the Garden, ye and your wives, to be made glad) to be honoured with gifts and delights in Paradise.
يُطَافُ عَلَيْهِمْ بِصِحَافٍ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ وَأَكْوَابٍ ۖ وَفِيهَا مَا تَشْتَهِيهِ الْأَنْفُسُ وَتَلَذُّ الْأَعْيُنُ ۖ وَأَنْتُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ
📘 (Therein are brought round for them) to serve them (trays of gold) filled with different types of food (and goblets) round goblets without handles, filled with drinks, (and therein) i.e. in Paradise (is all that souls desire and eyes find sweet) to look at. (And you are immortal therein) you will abide in Paradise forever, never to die or leave.
وَتِلْكَ الْجَنَّةُ الَّتِي أُورِثْتُمُوهَا بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ
📘 (This is the Garden which ye are made to inherit) this is Paradise in which you are made to dwell, you inherited it (because of what ye used to do) and say in the life of the world.
لَكُمْ فِيهَا فَاكِهَةٌ كَثِيرَةٌ مِنْهَا تَأْكُلُونَ
📘 (Therein) in the Garden (for you is fruit) different kinds of fruit (in plenty whence to eat.
إِنَّ الْمُجْرِمِينَ فِي عَذَابِ جَهَنَّمَ خَالِدُونَ
📘 Lo! the guilty) the idolaters: Abu Jahl and his host (are immortal in hell's torment) neither to die or leave it.
لَا يُفَتَّرُ عَنْهُمْ وَهُمْ فِيهِ مُبْلِسُونَ
📘 (It is not relaxed for them) the torment is not removed from them nor is it interrupted, (and they despair therein) they despair in this torment about any goodness or about it being removed.
وَمَا ظَلَمْنَاهُمْ وَلَٰكِنْ كَانُوا هُمُ الظَّالِمِينَ
📘 (We wronged them not) by punishing them, (but they it was who did the wrong) by adopting disbelief and idolatry.
وَنَادَوْا يَا مَالِكُ لِيَقْضِ عَلَيْنَا رَبُّكَ ۖ قَالَ إِنَّكُمْ مَاكِثُونَ
📘 (And they cry: O master) when their patience run out, they cry: O master of the Fire! (Let thy Lord make an end of us). The custodian of the Fire answers them after 40 years, (He saith: Lo! here ye must remain) you will dwell eternally in the torment and you will never come out.
لَقَدْ جِئْنَاكُمْ بِالْحَقِّ وَلَٰكِنَّ أَكْثَرَكُمْ لِلْحَقِّ كَارِهُونَ
📘 (We verily brought the Truth unto you) He says: Gabriel came to your Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) with the Qur'an, (but ye were, most of you) all of you, (averse to the Truth) deniers of Muhammad (pbuh) and the Qur'an.
أَمْ أَبْرَمُوا أَمْرًا فَإِنَّا مُبْرِمُونَ
📘 (Or do they determine any thing) in relation to the Prophet Muhammad? (Lo! We (also) are determining) something in relation to their destruction.
فَأَهْلَكْنَا أَشَدَّ مِنْهُمْ بَطْشًا وَمَضَىٰ مَثَلُ الْأَوَّلِينَ
📘 (Then we destroyed men mightier than these) mightier than the people of Mecca (in prowess) in strength and power; (and the example of the men of old hath gone (before them)) i.e. they were destroyed when they disbelieved in their messengers.
أَمْ يَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّا لَا نَسْمَعُ سِرَّهُمْ وَنَجْوَاهُمْ ۚ بَلَىٰ وَرُسُلُنَا لَدَيْهِمْ يَكْتُبُونَ
📘 (Or deem they) i.e. Safwan Ibn Umayyah and his two friends (that We cannot hear their secret thoughts and private confidences) around the Ka'bah? (Nay) We do hear, (but Our envoys) the guardian angels, (present with them, do record) their secrets and private conferences.
قُلْ إِنْ كَانَ لِلرَّحْمَٰنِ وَلَدٌ فَأَنَا أَوَّلُ الْعَابِدِينَ
📘 (Say) O Muhammad to al-Nadr Ibn al-Harith and 'Alqamah: (The Beneficent One hath no son. I am first among the worshippers) I am the first to acknowledge that Allah has no son or partner.
سُبْحَانَ رَبِّ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ رَبِّ الْعَرْشِ عَمَّا يَصِفُونَ
📘 (Glorified be the Lord of the heavens and the earth, the Lord of the Throne, from that which they ascribe (unto Him)) of sons and partners!
فَذَرْهُمْ يَخُوضُوا وَيَلْعَبُوا حَتَّىٰ يُلَاقُوا يَوْمَهُمُ الَّذِي يُوعَدُونَ
📘 (So let them) O Muhammad (flounder (in their talk)) of falsehood (and play) and mock the Qur'an (until they meet) until they see (the Day which they are promised) death and punishment.
وَهُوَ الَّذِي فِي السَّمَاءِ إِلَٰهٌ وَفِي الْأَرْضِ إِلَٰهٌ ۚ وَهُوَ الْحَكِيمُ الْعَلِيمُ
📘 (And He it is Who in the heaven is God) He is the God of everything that is in the heaven, (and in the earth God) and He is the God of everything that is in the earth. (He is the Wise) in His command and decree, (the Knower) of His created beings and providence.
وَتَبَارَكَ الَّذِي لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا وَعِنْدَهُ عِلْمُ السَّاعَةِ وَإِلَيْهِ تُرْجَعُونَ
📘 (And blessed be He unto Whom) He is too exalted and exonerated from having sons and partners He unto Whom (belongeth the Sovereignty of the heavens and the earth and all that is between them) of created beings, (and with Whom is knowledge of the Hour) the knowledge of the coming of the Hour, (and unto Whom ye will be returned) in the Hereafter.
وَلَا يَمْلِكُ الَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِهِ الشَّفَاعَةَ إِلَّا مَنْ شَهِدَ بِالْحَقِّ وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ
📘 (And those unto whom they cry) those whom they worship (instead of Him possess no power of intercession) He says: the angels have no power to intercede in favour of anybody, (saving him who beareth witness unto the Truth) the testification that there is no deity save Allah, sincerely believing in it (knowingly) knowing deep in their hearts it is the Truth. This was revealed about the Banu Malih who claimed the angels were the daughters of Allah.
وَلَئِنْ سَأَلْتَهُمْ مَنْ خَلَقَهُمْ لَيَقُولُنَّ اللَّهُ ۖ فَأَنَّىٰ يُؤْفَكُونَ
📘 (And if thou ask them) i.e. the Banu Malih (who created them, they will surely say: Allah) created us. (How then are they turned away) from whence do they lie against Allah after such a confession?
وَقِيلِهِ يَا رَبِّ إِنَّ هَٰؤُلَاءِ قَوْمٌ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ
📘 (And he saith) Muhammad (pbuh) says: (O my Lord! Lo! those are a folk who believe not) in You or in the Qur'an. So do with them as You will.
فَاصْفَحْ عَنْهُمْ وَقُلْ سَلَامٌ ۚ فَسَوْفَ يَعْلَمُونَ
📘 (Then bear with them (O Muhammad)) it was said to him: turn away from them (and say: Peace) words of truth. (But) this is a threat (they will come to know) what will be done with them on the Day of Badr, Uhud, the Troops. Then, after this, he was commanded to fight them; it is also said that this means: but they will come to know the hunger and smoke that will befall them'.
وَلَئِنْ سَأَلْتَهُمْ مَنْ خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ لَيَقُولُنَّ خَلَقَهُنَّ الْعَزِيزُ الْعَلِيمُ
📘 (And if thou (Muhammad) ask them) i.e. the disbelievers of Mecca: (Who created the heavens and the earth, they) i.e. the disbelievers of Mecca (will surely answer: The Mighty) in His dominion and sovereignty, (the Knower) of His providence and created beings (created them);
Book A Free Trial