🕋 تفسير سورة الفرقان
(Al-Furqan) • المصدر: EN-AL-JALALAYN
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ تَبَارَكَ الَّذِي نَزَّلَ الْفُرْقَانَ عَلَىٰ عَبْدِهِ لِيَكُونَ لِلْعَالَمِينَ نَذِيرًا
📘 Blessed exalted is He Who revealed the Criterion al-furqān the Qur’ān — called thus al-furqān because it has discriminated faraqa between truth and falsehood — to His servant Muhammad (s) that he may be to all the worlds to mankind and the jinn but not the angels a warner a threatening of God’s chastisement.
تَبَارَكَ الَّذِي إِنْ شَاءَ جَعَلَ لَكَ خَيْرًا مِنْ ذَٰلِكَ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ وَيَجْعَلْ لَكَ قُصُورًا
📘 Blessed is He abundant is the good of God Who if He will will give you better than that treasure or orchard which they mentioned — gardens underneath which rivers flow in this world for He has already willed to give him such things in the Hereafter and will give read apocopated form wa-yaj‘al you palaces as well a variant reading of the apocopated yaj‘al is yaj‘alu ‘He will give’ beginning a new sentence.
بَلْ كَذَّبُوا بِالسَّاعَةِ ۖ وَأَعْتَدْنَا لِمَنْ كَذَّبَ بِالسَّاعَةِ سَعِيرًا
📘 Nay but they deny the coming of the Hour the Resurrection and We have prepared for those who deny the Hour a blaze sa‘īr a fire that has been set ablaze musa‘‘ara in other words an intense fire.
إِذَا رَأَتْهُمْ مِنْ مَكَانٍ بَعِيدٍ سَمِعُوا لَهَا تَغَيُّظًا وَزَفِيرًا
📘 When it sees them from a distant place they will hear it raging boiling like an enraged person when his heart boils with anger and roaring producing a powerful noise. Alternatively what is meant by their ‘hearing it raging’ is their vision of it and awareness of it.
وَإِذَا أُلْقُوا مِنْهَا مَكَانًا ضَيِّقًا مُقَرَّنِينَ دَعَوْا هُنَالِكَ ثُبُورًا
📘 And when they are flung into a narrow place thereof read dayyiqan or dayqan ‘narrow’ such that it constricts them; minhā ‘thereof’ is a circumstantial qualifier referring to makānan ‘place’ because it is actually an adjectival qualification of it bound together shackled with their hands bound to their necks in chains the use of the intensive form muqarranīna as opposed to muqranīna is meant to indicate a large number they will at that point pray for their own annihilation and it will be said to them
لَا تَدْعُوا الْيَوْمَ ثُبُورًا وَاحِدًا وَادْعُوا ثُبُورًا كَثِيرًا
📘 ‘Do not pray for a single annihilation on this day but pray for many annihilations!’ which will be the nature of your chastisement.
قُلْ أَذَٰلِكَ خَيْرٌ أَمْ جَنَّةُ الْخُلْدِ الَّتِي وُعِدَ الْمُتَّقُونَ ۚ كَانَتْ لَهُمْ جَزَاءً وَمَصِيرًا
📘 Say ‘Is that which is mentioned of the threat of chastisement and the description of the Fire better or the Garden of Immortality which has been promised to the God-fearing which will be in God’s knowledge exalted be He their requital their reward and journey’s end?’ their place of return.
لَهُمْ فِيهَا مَا يَشَاءُونَ خَالِدِينَ ۚ كَانَ عَلَىٰ رَبِّكَ وَعْدًا مَسْئُولًا
📘 In it they shall have what they wish abiding therein — an irrevocable state — it the promise to them of what is mentioned is a promise binding on your Lord a promise much besought requested by those who have been promised it as is clear from the following Our Lord grant us what You have promised us through Your messengers Q. 3194 or requested on their behalf by the angels who say Our Lord and admit them into the Gardens of Eden which You have promised them Q. 408.
وَيَوْمَ يَحْشُرُهُمْ وَمَا يَعْبُدُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ فَيَقُولُ أَأَنْتُمْ أَضْلَلْتُمْ عِبَادِي هَٰؤُلَاءِ أَمْ هُمْ ضَلُّوا السَّبِيلَ
📘 And on the day when He will assemble them yahshuruhum; a variant reading has nahshuruhum ‘We assemble them’ and that which they worship besides God that is other than Him such as the angels Jesus Ezra and the jinn and will say exalted be He fa-yaqūlu; a variant has fa-naqūlu and We shall say’ to those who were worshipped as a way of establishing the argument against the worshippers of the former ‘Was it you read a-antum pronouncing both hamzas or by substituting the second one with an alif or not pronouncing this last and inserting an alif between the one not pronounced and the former or without such an insertion who misled these servants of Mine causing them to fall into error by commanding them to worship you or did they go astray from the way? the path of truth by themselves?
قَالُوا سُبْحَانَكَ مَا كَانَ يَنْبَغِي لَنَا أَنْ نَتَّخِذَ مِنْ دُونِكَ مِنْ أَوْلِيَاءَ وَلَٰكِنْ مَتَّعْتَهُمْ وَآبَاءَهُمْ حَتَّىٰ نَسُوا الذِّكْرَ وَكَانُوا قَوْمًا بُورًا
📘 They will say ‘Glory be to You — exalted be You above what does not befit You! It was not it would not have been right for us to take any guardians besides You that is other than You min awliyā’a the first direct object the min being extra added to emphasise the negation; the preceding min dūnika ‘besides You’ is the second direct object. So how can we command that we be worshipped? But You gave them and their fathers before them ease of living by granting them long life and abundant provision until they forgot the Remembrance until they became remiss about admonitions and belief in the Qur’ān and became a lost folk’ a folk destroyed. God exalted be He says
فَقَدْ كَذَّبُوكُمْ بِمَا تَقُولُونَ فَمَا تَسْتَطِيعُونَ صَرْفًا وَلَا نَصْرًا ۚ وَمَنْ يَظْلِمْ مِنْكُمْ نُذِقْهُ عَذَابًا كَبِيرًا
📘 Thus they will deny you that is the ones who were worshipped denied those who worshipped them in what you allege namely that they are gods and they will neither be able to read yastatī‘ūna or second person plural tastatī‘ūna in other words neither they nor you will be able to circumvent ward off the chastisement from you nor help nor protect you from it. And whoever of you does evil whoever ascribes partners to God We shall make him taste an awful a severe chastisement in the Hereafter.
الَّذِي لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَلَمْ يَتَّخِذْ وَلَدًا وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ شَرِيكٌ فِي الْمُلْكِ وَخَلَقَ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ فَقَدَّرَهُ تَقْدِيرًا
📘 He to Whom belongs the kingdom of the heavens and the earth and Who has not taken a son nor has He any partner in sovereignty; and He created everything which was meant to be created and then determined it in a precise measure He fashioned it in a balanced form.
وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَا قَبْلَكَ مِنَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ إِلَّا إِنَّهُمْ لَيَأْكُلُونَ الطَّعَامَ وَيَمْشُونَ فِي الْأَسْوَاقِ ۗ وَجَعَلْنَا بَعْضَكُمْ لِبَعْضٍ فِتْنَةً أَتَصْبِرُونَ ۗ وَكَانَ رَبُّكَ بَصِيرًا
📘 And We did not send before you any messengers but that they ate food and walked in the marketplaces and so you are like them in this respect and truly what was said to them is being said to you. And We have made some of you a trial for others a test trying the rich with the poor the healthy with the sick the honourable with the vulgar in each case the latter would say ‘Why can I not be like the other person?’ Will you be steadfast? and endure what you hear from those with whom you are tried? the interrogative is meant as an imperative in other words ‘Be steadfast!’. And your Lord is ever Watchful of those who remain steadfast and those who become miserable.
۞ وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ لَا يَرْجُونَ لِقَاءَنَا لَوْلَا أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْنَا الْمَلَائِكَةُ أَوْ نَرَىٰ رَبَّنَا ۗ لَقَدِ اسْتَكْبَرُوا فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَعَتَوْا عُتُوًّا كَبِيرًا
📘 And those who do not expect to encounter Us those who have no fear of the Resurrection say ‘Why have the angels not been sent down to us to act as messengers to us or why do we not see our Lord?’ so that we might be informed by Him that Muhammad (s) is truly His Messenger? God exalted be He says Assuredly they are full of arrogance within their souls and have become terribly insolent in demanding to see God exalted be He in this world read ‘utuwwan ‘insolence’ with the wāw according to the original root form as opposed to ‘itiyyan with the yā’ substitution as in sūrat Maryam Q. 198.
يَوْمَ يَرَوْنَ الْمَلَائِكَةَ لَا بُشْرَىٰ يَوْمَئِذٍ لِلْمُجْرِمِينَ وَيَقُولُونَ حِجْرًا مَحْجُورًا
📘 The day when they see the angels while they stand together with the rest of creation namely on the Day of Resurrection yawma is in the accusative because of an implied preceding udhkur ‘mention’ there will be no good tidings on that day for the guilty that is the disbelievers in contrast to the believers for whom there shall be the good tidings of Paradise and they will say ‘A forbidding ban!’ as was their the pagan custom in this world whenever a misfortune befell them; in other words they mean ‘awdhan ma‘ādhan seeking refuge from the angels who will chastise them. God exalted be He says
وَقَدِمْنَا إِلَىٰ مَا عَمِلُوا مِنْ عَمَلٍ فَجَعَلْنَاهُ هَبَاءً مَنْثُورًا
📘 And We shall attend to We shall turn to the works they did that were good such as voluntary alms or kindness to kin a hospitable reception of a guest or the succour of a troubled person in this world and turn them into scattered dust habā’an manthūran namely as those individual particles of dust which one might observe near a window when the sun is shining through. In other words We shall make their good works like those particles of dust in their uselessness there being no reward for such works for lack of any binding obligation to reward them therefor; but they are rewarded for it in the life of this world.
أَصْحَابُ الْجَنَّةِ يَوْمَئِذٍ خَيْرٌ مُسْتَقَرًّا وَأَحْسَنُ مَقِيلًا
📘 Those who will be the inhabitants of Paradise on that day the Day of Resurrection will be in a far better abode than are the disbelievers in this world and a far better resting place than theirs the latter’s; in other words a better place for qā’ila which is a rest taken during midday during hot days. From this last interpretation of maqīlan it has been inferred that the Reckoning will be concluded in half a day as is stated in one hadīth.
وَيَوْمَ تَشَقَّقُ السَّمَاءُ بِالْغَمَامِ وَنُزِّلَ الْمَلَائِكَةُ تَنْزِيلًا
📘 And on the day when the heaven each of the seven heavens will be split asunder with the clouds in other words split asunder together with them the clouds al-ghamām is white cloud and the angels will be sent down from every heaven in a majestic descent and this is the Day of Resurrection it yawma ‘on the day’ is in the accusative because of an implied preceding udhkur ‘mention’; a variant reading for tashaqqaqu is tashshaqqaqu ‘will be split asunder’ where the second tā’ of the original form tatashaqqaqu has been assimilated with it the the shīn; another variant reading instead of nuzzila al-malā’ikatu ‘the angels will be sent down’ has nunzilu al-malā’ikata ‘We will send down the angels’;
الْمُلْكُ يَوْمَئِذٍ الْحَقُّ لِلرَّحْمَٰنِ ۚ وَكَانَ يَوْمًا عَلَى الْكَافِرِينَ عَسِيرًا
📘 true Sovereignty on that day will belong to the Compassionate One with no one else sharing it with Him and it that day will be a hard day for the disbelievers in contrast to the believers.
وَيَوْمَ يَعَضُّ الظَّالِمُ عَلَىٰ يَدَيْهِ يَقُولُ يَا لَيْتَنِي اتَّخَذْتُ مَعَ الرَّسُولِ سَبِيلًا
📘 And it will be a day when the wrongdoer the idolater ‘Uqba b. Abī Mu‘ayt — who had uttered the two-part profession ‘there is no god but God Muhammad (s) is His Messenger’ but retracted it in order to please Ubayy b. Khalaf — will bite his hands in regret and anguish on the Day of Resurrection saying ‘O yā is for drawing attention would that I had followed a way with the Messenger! Muhammad (s) a route to guidance.
يَا وَيْلَتَىٰ لَيْتَنِي لَمْ أَتَّخِذْ فُلَانًا خَلِيلًا
📘 O woe to me! yā waylatā the final alif stands in place of the first person singular possessive yā’ yā waylatī meaning ‘alas for my destruction!’ Would that I had not taken so and so in other words that Ubayy as friend!
لَقَدْ أَضَلَّنِي عَنِ الذِّكْرِ بَعْدَ إِذْ جَاءَنِي ۗ وَكَانَ الشَّيْطَانُ لِلْإِنْسَانِ خَذُولًا
📘 Verily he has led me astray from the Remembrance namely the Qur’ān after it had come to me by causing me to recant my belief in it. God exalted be He says And Satan is ever a deserter of the disbelieving man’ abandoning him and dissociating from him in times of tribulation.
وَاتَّخَذُوا مِنْ دُونِهِ آلِهَةً لَا يَخْلُقُونَ شَيْئًا وَهُمْ يُخْلَقُونَ وَلَا يَمْلِكُونَ لِأَنْفُسِهِمْ ضَرًّا وَلَا نَفْعًا وَلَا يَمْلِكُونَ مَوْتًا وَلَا حَيَاةً وَلَا نُشُورًا
📘 Yet they the disbelievers have taken besides Him that is besides God in other words other than Him gods from among the idols who create nothing but have themselves been created and who possess no harm for themselves that is the power to repel it nor any benefit that is the power to attract it nor do they possess any power over death or life that is nor do they have the power to make a person die or to give him life or resurrection that is nor do they have power to raise the dead.
وَقَالَ الرَّسُولُ يَا رَبِّ إِنَّ قَوْمِي اتَّخَذُوا هَٰذَا الْقُرْآنَ مَهْجُورًا
📘 And the Messenger Muhammad (s) says ‘O my Lord lo! my people the tribe of Quraysh consider this Qur’ān as something to be shunned’ to be disregarded.
وَكَذَٰلِكَ جَعَلْنَا لِكُلِّ نَبِيٍّ عَدُوًّا مِنَ الْمُجْرِمِينَ ۗ وَكَفَىٰ بِرَبِّكَ هَادِيًا وَنَصِيرًا
📘 God exalted be He says So just as We have appointed for you enemies from among the idolaters of your people We have appointed to every prophet before you an enemy from among the guilty the idolaters — so be steadfast as they were; but your Lord suffices as a Guide for you and a Helper to bring you victory over your enemies.
وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لَوْلَا نُزِّلَ عَلَيْهِ الْقُرْآنُ جُمْلَةً وَاحِدَةً ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ لِنُثَبِّتَ بِهِ فُؤَادَكَ ۖ وَرَتَّلْنَاهُ تَرْتِيلًا
📘 And those who disbelieve say ‘Why has the Qur’ān not been revealed to him all at once?’ as the Torah the Gospel and the Book of Psalms were. God exalted be He says We have revealed it thus in parts it is that We may strengthen your inner-heart with it and We have arranged it in a specific order that is to say We produce it in stages one part after another gradually and deliberately in order to facilitate its comprehension and its memorisation.
وَلَا يَأْتُونَكَ بِمَثَلٍ إِلَّا جِئْنَاكَ بِالْحَقِّ وَأَحْسَنَ تَفْسِيرًا
📘 And they do not bring you any similitude to invalidate your mission but that We bring you the truth that refutes it and what is better as exposition explanation.
الَّذِينَ يُحْشَرُونَ عَلَىٰ وُجُوهِهِمْ إِلَىٰ جَهَنَّمَ أُولَٰئِكَ شَرٌّ مَكَانًا وَأَضَلُّ سَبِيلًا
📘 They are those who will be gathered on their faces that is those who will be driven as cattle toward Hell they will be in the worst place namely Hell and furthest astray from the way they will be on a path of error worse than that of others; and this path is their disbelief.
وَلَقَدْ آتَيْنَا مُوسَى الْكِتَابَ وَجَعَلْنَا مَعَهُ أَخَاهُ هَارُونَ وَزِيرًا
📘 And verily We gave Moses the Scripture the Torah and made Aaron his brother go with him as a minister an assistant.
فَقُلْنَا اذْهَبَا إِلَى الْقَوْمِ الَّذِينَ كَذَّبُوا بِآيَاتِنَا فَدَمَّرْنَاهُمْ تَدْمِيرًا
📘 Then We said ‘Go both of you to the people who have denied Our signs’ that is to the Egyptians — Pharaoh and his folk. So they went to them with the Message but they the Egyptians denied both of them. Then We destroyed them utterly.
وَقَوْمَ نُوحٍ لَمَّا كَذَّبُوا الرُّسُلَ أَغْرَقْنَاهُمْ وَجَعَلْنَاهُمْ لِلنَّاسِ آيَةً ۖ وَأَعْتَدْنَا لِلظَّالِمِينَ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا
📘 And mention the people of Noah when they denied the messengers in denying Noah — it is as though he were many messengers given the length of time he remained among them; or it is thus expressed in the plural because to deny him is equivalent to denying all the other messengers for they all came with the same Message concerning affirmation of God’s Oneness — We drowned them this is the response to lammā ‘when’ and made them a sign a lesson for mankind thereafter and We have prepared in the Hereafter for the evildoers the disbelievers a painful chastisement in addition to what chastisement may befall them in this world.
وَعَادًا وَثَمُودَ وَأَصْحَابَ الرَّسِّ وَقُرُونًا بَيْنَ ذَٰلِكَ كَثِيرًا
📘 And mention ‘Ād the people of Hūd and Thamūd the people of Sālih and the dwellers at al-Rass al-rass — the name of a ‘well’; their prophet is said to have been Shu‘ayb; although some say it was someone else. The story is that they had been sitting around it on one occasion when it collapsed beneath them burying them together with their dwellings. And many generations peoples in between that is between the people of ‘Ād and the dwellers at al-Rass.
وَكُلًّا ضَرَبْنَا لَهُ الْأَمْثَالَ ۖ وَكُلًّا تَبَّرْنَا تَتْبِيرًا
📘 For each of them We struck similitudes when establishing arguments against them and We destroyed them only after warning them and each of them We ruined utterly We destroyed utterly because of their denial of the prophets sent to them.
وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا إِنْ هَٰذَا إِلَّا إِفْكٌ افْتَرَاهُ وَأَعَانَهُ عَلَيْهِ قَوْمٌ آخَرُونَ ۖ فَقَدْ جَاءُوا ظُلْمًا وَزُورًا
📘 And those who disbelieve say ‘This Qur’ān is nothing but a calumny a lie that he Muhammad (s) has invented and other folk have helped him with it’ who according to the disbelievers were from among the People of the Scripture. God exalted be He says Verily thus they have committed wrong and spoken falsehood they have come with disbelief and mendacity.
وَلَقَدْ أَتَوْا عَلَى الْقَرْيَةِ الَّتِي أُمْطِرَتْ مَطَرَ السَّوْءِ ۚ أَفَلَمْ يَكُونُوا يَرَوْنَهَا ۚ بَلْ كَانُوا لَا يَرْجُونَ نُشُورًا
📘 And verily they namely the disbelievers of Mecca will have passed by the town on which an evil shower was rained al-saw’ ‘evil’ is the verbal noun from sā’a ‘was evil’ that is it was showered with stones. This was the principal town of the towns inhabited by the people of Lot; God destroyed its inhabitants for their committing acts of lewdness. Can it be that they have not seen it? on their journeys to Syria and so take heed thereof? the interrogative is affirmative. Nay but it is that they do not expect they have no fear of any resurrection and so they do not believe.
وَإِذَا رَأَوْكَ إِنْ يَتَّخِذُونَكَ إِلَّا هُزُوًا أَهَٰذَا الَّذِي بَعَثَ اللَّهُ رَسُولًا
📘 And when they see you they take you in mockery only as an object of derision saying ‘Is this the one whom God has sent as a messenger? as he is wont to claim? — contemptuously of him as one not worthy of being a messenger.
إِنْ كَادَ لَيُضِلُّنَا عَنْ آلِهَتِنَا لَوْلَا أَنْ صَبَرْنَا عَلَيْهَا ۚ وَسَوْفَ يَعْلَمُونَ حِينَ يَرَوْنَ الْعَذَابَ مَنْ أَضَلُّ سَبِيلًا
📘 Indeed in softened in place of the hardened form with its subject omitted namely innahu he was about to lead us astray turn us away from our gods had we not stood by them’ he would have turned us away from them. God exalted be He says And soon they will know when they behold the chastisement with their own eyes in the Hereafter who is further astray from the way who is further upon the path of error they or the believers?
أَرَأَيْتَ مَنِ اتَّخَذَ إِلَٰهَهُ هَوَاهُ أَفَأَنْتَ تَكُونُ عَلَيْهِ وَكِيلًا
📘 Have you seen — inform Me about — him who has taken as his god his own desire? that is as something that will be bring about his ruin the indirect object ilāhahu ‘as his god’ precedes the direct object because it is more important; the clause beginning man ittakhadha ‘him who has taken’ constitutes the first direct object of a-ra’ayta ‘have you seen’ the second being the following a-fa-anta … Will you be a guardian over him? a protector to preserve him from following his desires? No.
أَمْ تَحْسَبُ أَنَّ أَكْثَرَهُمْ يَسْمَعُونَ أَوْ يَعْقِلُونَ ۚ إِنْ هُمْ إِلَّا كَالْأَنْعَامِ ۖ بَلْ هُمْ أَضَلُّ سَبِيلًا
📘 Or do you suppose that most of them listen listening so as to understand or comprehend? what you say to them? They are but as the cattle — nay but they are further astray from the way further from these cattle upon the path of misguidance for at least they cattle yield to the person who looks after them whereas these disbelievers do not obey their Master Who is gracious to them.
أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ كَيْفَ مَدَّ الظِّلَّ وَلَوْ شَاءَ لَجَعَلَهُ سَاكِنًا ثُمَّ جَعَلْنَا الشَّمْسَ عَلَيْهِ دَلِيلًا
📘 Have you not seen contemplated the work of your Lord how He extends the twilight shadow? from the point of daybreak to the point of sunrise. For had He your Lord willed He would have made it still ever-present so that it does not disappear with the rising of the sun. Then We made the sun an indicator of it of the shadow; were it not for the sun the shadow would not have been known.
ثُمَّ قَبَضْنَاهُ إِلَيْنَا قَبْضًا يَسِيرًا
📘 Then We retract it the extended shadow to Us by gentle retraction subtle retraction through the rising of the sun.
وَهُوَ الَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ اللَّيْلَ لِبَاسًا وَالنَّوْمَ سُبَاتًا وَجَعَلَ النَّهَارَ نُشُورًا
📘 And He it is Who made for you the night as a garment veiling you like a garment and sleep for repose rest for bodies through the temporary cessation of labour and He made the day for rising a time in which all rise to seek their livelihood and so on.
وَهُوَ الَّذِي أَرْسَلَ الرِّيَاحَ بُشْرًا بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَحْمَتِهِ ۚ وَأَنْزَلْنَا مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً طَهُورًا
📘 And He it is Who sends forth the winds al-riyāha; a variant has al-rīha ‘the wind’ dispersing before His mercy nushuran ‘dispersing’ scattered before the coming of the rain a variant reading has nushran the singular of which is nashūr similar in pattern to rasūl ‘messenger’ plural rusul; another reading has nashran as a verbal noun; and a third variant has bushran in other words the winds function as mubashshirāt ‘bearers of good tidings’ the singular of which is bashīr; and We send down from the heaven purifying water
لِنُحْيِيَ بِهِ بَلْدَةً مَيْتًا وَنُسْقِيَهُ مِمَّا خَلَقْنَا أَنْعَامًا وَأَنَاسِيَّ كَثِيرًا
📘 with which We revive a dead land read maytan in the softened form equally valid for the masculine and the feminine but in the masculine here because of the masculine noun indicating ‘place’ implicit therein and We give it the water as drink to the many cattle camels cows and sheep and humans We have created anāsiyy is the plural of insān properly it the plural should be anāsīn but the final nūn has been replaced with a yā’ with which the other yā’ has been assimilated; or it anāsiyy is simply the plural of insiyy.
وَقَالُوا أَسَاطِيرُ الْأَوَّلِينَ اكْتَتَبَهَا فَهِيَ تُمْلَىٰ عَلَيْهِ بُكْرَةً وَأَصِيلًا
📘 And they say that it the Qur’ān is also ‘Fables their lies asātir is the plural of ustūra of the ancients which he has had written down that he has had someone from among those people copy it down for him so that they are read to him for him to memorise morning and evening’. God exalted be He responds to them saying
وَلَقَدْ صَرَّفْنَاهُ بَيْنَهُمْ لِيَذَّكَّرُوا فَأَبَىٰ أَكْثَرُ النَّاسِ إِلَّا كُفُورًا
📘 And verily We have distributed it the water among them so that they may remember li-yadhdhakkarū should actually be li-yatadhakkarū but the tā’ has been assimilated with the dhāl; a variant reading has li-yadhkurū that is to say so that they may remember therewith the grace of God. But most people are only intent on ingratitude on denial of the grace saying ‘We have received this rain because of such-and-such a storm’.
وَلَوْ شِئْنَا لَبَعَثْنَا فِي كُلِّ قَرْيَةٍ نَذِيرًا
📘 And had We willed We could have sent forth in every town a warner to threaten its inhabitants with God’s chastisement; instead We have sent you to the inhabitants of all towns as a warner for your reward to be a great one.
فَلَا تُطِعِ الْكَافِرِينَ وَجَاهِدْهُمْ بِهِ جِهَادًا كَبِيرًا
📘 So do not obey the disbelievers in their desires but struggle against them therewith that is through adherence to the Qur’ān with a great endeavour.
۞ وَهُوَ الَّذِي مَرَجَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ هَٰذَا عَذْبٌ فُرَاتٌ وَهَٰذَا مِلْحٌ أُجَاجٌ وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بَرْزَخًا وَحِجْرًا مَحْجُورًا
📘 And He it is Who merged the two seas letting them flow one adjacent to the other this one palatable sweet and the other saltish bitter; and He set between the two an isthmus so that the one does not mix with the other and a forbidding ban a shield that prevents the two from becoming mixed.
وَهُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ مِنَ الْمَاءِ بَشَرًا فَجَعَلَهُ نَسَبًا وَصِهْرًا ۗ وَكَانَ رَبُّكَ قَدِيرًا
📘 And He it is Who created man from water He created from a sperm-drop a human being and made for him ties of blood and ties of marriage whether it be a male or a female they marry for the purposes of procreation. For your Lord is ever Powerful with the power to do whatever He will.
وَيَعْبُدُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ مَا لَا يَنْفَعُهُمْ وَلَا يَضُرُّهُمْ ۗ وَكَانَ الْكَافِرُ عَلَىٰ رَبِّهِ ظَهِيرًا
📘 And they the disbelievers worship besides God that which neither benefits them when they worship it nor harms them should they refrain therefrom — and these are idols; and the disbeliever is ever a partisan against his Lord an assistant to Satan through his obedience to him.
وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ إِلَّا مُبَشِّرًا وَنَذِيرًا
📘 And We have not sent you except as a bearer of good tidings of Paradise and as a warner a threatener of people with the chastisement of the Fire.
قُلْ مَا أَسْأَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَجْرٍ إِلَّا مَنْ شَاءَ أَنْ يَتَّخِذَ إِلَىٰ رَبِّهِ سَبِيلًا
📘 Say ‘I do not ask of you in return for this that is for delivering that Message with which I have been sent any reward except that whoever wishes to follow a way to his Lord should do so’ by expending his wealth for the sake of attaining God’s pleasure exalted be He; then whoever wishes to do so I will not prevent him from doing so.
وَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى الْحَيِّ الَّذِي لَا يَمُوتُ وَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِهِ ۚ وَكَفَىٰ بِهِ بِذُنُوبِ عِبَادِهِ خَبِيرًا
📘 And put your trust in the Living One Who does not die and make glorifications ensconced in His praise in other words say subhāna’Llāhi wa’l-hamdu li’Llāh ‘Glory be to God and praise be to God’. And He suffices as One Aware as Knower of the sins of His servants khabīran ‘One Aware’ is semantically connected to bi-dhunūbi ‘of the sins’.
الَّذِي خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا فِي سِتَّةِ أَيَّامٍ ثُمَّ اسْتَوَىٰ عَلَى الْعَرْشِ ۚ الرَّحْمَٰنُ فَاسْأَلْ بِهِ خَبِيرًا
📘 He it is Who created the heavens and the earth and all that is between them in six days of the length of the days of this world since there was no sun at that point — had He willed He could have created them in an instant but His not having done so is because He will to teach His creatures to be circumspect — then presided upon the Throne al-‘arsh in the classical language is the seat on which a king sits the Compassionate One al-rahmānu substitutes for the subject of the verb istawā ‘presided’ a presiding befitting of Him; so ask O man about Him about the Compassionate One anyone who is well aware to inform you about His attributes!
قُلْ أَنْزَلَهُ الَّذِي يَعْلَمُ السِّرَّ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۚ إِنَّهُ كَانَ غَفُورًا رَحِيمًا
📘 Say ‘It has been revealed by Him Who knows the secret the Unseen of the heavens and the earth. Truly He is ever Forgiving of believers Merciful’ to them.
وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمُ اسْجُدُوا لِلرَّحْمَٰنِ قَالُوا وَمَا الرَّحْمَٰنُ أَنَسْجُدُ لِمَا تَأْمُرُنَا وَزَادَهُمْ نُفُورًا ۩
📘 And when it is said to them to the disbelievers of Mecca ‘Prostrate yourselves before the Compassionate One’ they say ‘And what is the Compassionate One? Should we prostrate ourselves to whatever you bid us’ ta’murunā; or read ya’murunā ‘whatever he bids us’ — in both cases the one bidding is Muhammad (s) — when we do not know who He is? No! And it this that is said to them increases their aversion to faith.
تَبَارَكَ الَّذِي جَعَلَ فِي السَّمَاءِ بُرُوجًا وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا سِرَاجًا وَقَمَرًا مُنِيرًا
📘 God exalted be He says Blessed magnified is He Who has placed in the heaven constellations twelve of them Aries Taurus Gemini Cancer Leo Virgo al-sunbula Libra Scorpio Sagittarius Capricorn Aquarius and Pisces. They are the mansions for the seven orbiting planets Mars rules Aries and Scorpio Venus Taurus and Libra Mercury Gemini and Virgo the Moon Cancer the Sun Leo Jupiter Sagittarius and Pisces and Saturn Capricorn and Aquarius; and has also placed in it a lamp namely the sun and a shining moon a variant reading for sirājan ‘sun’ has the plural surujan which would mean ‘luminous stars’. The moon is singled out for mention because of its particular merit.
وَهُوَ الَّذِي جَعَلَ اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ خِلْفَةً لِمَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَذَّكَّرَ أَوْ أَرَادَ شُكُورًا
📘 And He it is Who made the night and day to appear in succession that is one succeeding the other for him who desires to remember read yadhdhakkara or yadhkura as before Q. 2550 — so that if he misses the opportunity to do some good during the one he can do it during the other; or desires to be thankful for the graces of his Lord to him during both of these periods.
وَعِبَادُ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الَّذِينَ يَمْشُونَ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ هَوْنًا وَإِذَا خَاطَبَهُمُ الْجَاهِلُونَ قَالُوا سَلَامًا
📘 And the true servants of the Compassionate One ‘ibādu’l-rahmāni is the subject and what comes after it all the way up to ūlā’ika yujzawna ‘they will be rewarded’ of verse 75 below are adjectival qualifiers of this subject with the exception of the parenthetical statements are those who walk upon the earth modestly that is peacefully and humbly and who when the ignorant address them with what they are averse to say words of peace salām in other words words by which they are safe yaslamūna from committing any sin;
وَالَّذِينَ يَبِيتُونَ لِرَبِّهِمْ سُجَّدًا وَقِيَامًا
📘 and who spend the night before their Lord prostrating sujjad is the plural of sājid and standing in worship in other words they spend the night performing prayers;
وَالَّذِينَ يَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَا اصْرِفْ عَنَّا عَذَابَ جَهَنَّمَ ۖ إِنَّ عَذَابَهَا كَانَ غَرَامًا
📘 and who say ‘Our Lord avert from us from the chastisement of Hell. Truly its chastisement is abiding that is irrevocable.
إِنَّهَا سَاءَتْ مُسْتَقَرًّا وَمُقَامًا
📘 It is truly a wretched abode and residence!’ in other words it is truly wretched as a place in which to abide and reside.
وَالَّذِينَ إِذَا أَنْفَقُوا لَمْ يُسْرِفُوا وَلَمْ يَقْتُرُوا وَكَانَ بَيْنَ ذَٰلِكَ قَوَامًا
📘 And who when they expend upon their dependants are neither prodigal nor parsimonious read yaqturū or yuqtirū; but between such prodigality and parsimony lies — between the two their expenditure is in — moderation;
وَالَّذِينَ لَا يَدْعُونَ مَعَ اللَّهِ إِلَٰهًا آخَرَ وَلَا يَقْتُلُونَ النَّفْسَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ وَلَا يَزْنُونَ ۚ وَمَنْ يَفْعَلْ ذَٰلِكَ يَلْقَ أَثَامًا
📘 and those who do not call on another god along with God nor slay the soul which God has forbidden that it be slain except with due cause and who do not commit fornication — for whoever does that namely whoever does one of these three things shall meet with retribution;
يُضَاعَفْ لَهُ الْعَذَابُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَيَخْلُدْ فِيهِ مُهَانًا
📘 doubled yudā‘af a variant reading has yuda‘‘af will be the chastisement for him on the Day of Resurrection and he will abide therein both verbs may be read in the imperfect apocopated form yudā‘af ‘it will be doubled’ and yakhlud ‘he will abide’ as substitutions or with the indicative damma inflection yudā‘afu and yakhludu to indicate the beginning of a new sentence abased muhānan is a circumstantial qualifier;
وَقَالُوا مَالِ هَٰذَا الرَّسُولِ يَأْكُلُ الطَّعَامَ وَيَمْشِي فِي الْأَسْوَاقِ ۙ لَوْلَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْهِ مَلَكٌ فَيَكُونَ مَعَهُ نَذِيرًا
📘 And they also say ‘What is it with this Messenger that he eats food and walks about in the marketplaces? Why has an angel not been sent down to him so as to be a warner along with him? and confirm his truthfulness.
إِلَّا مَنْ تَابَ وَآمَنَ وَعَمِلَ عَمَلًا صَالِحًا فَأُولَٰئِكَ يُبَدِّلُ اللَّهُ سَيِّئَاتِهِمْ حَسَنَاتٍ ۗ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَفُورًا رَحِيمًا
📘 except for him who repents and believes and acts righteously from among them for such God will replace their mentioned evil deeds with good deeds in the Hereafter for God is ever Forgiving Merciful that is He is ever possessed of such attributes;
وَمَنْ تَابَ وَعَمِلَ صَالِحًا فَإِنَّهُ يَتُوبُ إِلَى اللَّهِ مَتَابًا
📘 and whoever repents of his sins from among other than those mentioned and acts righteously indeed turns to God with due repentance that is he returns to God a sincere return and God will requite him with good;
وَالَّذِينَ لَا يَشْهَدُونَ الزُّورَ وَإِذَا مَرُّوا بِاللَّغْوِ مَرُّوا كِرَامًا
📘 and those who do not give false testimony that is testimony containing mendacity and falsehood and when they come across senseless talk in the way of vile speech and otherwise they pass by with dignity shunning such vanity;
وَالَّذِينَ إِذَا ذُكِّرُوا بِآيَاتِ رَبِّهِمْ لَمْ يَخِرُّوا عَلَيْهَا صُمًّا وَعُمْيَانًا
📘 and those who when they are reminded when they are admonished of the revelations of their Lord that is reminded of the Qur’ān do not fall on them deaf and blind but fall on them listening contemplating benefiting and obedient;
وَالَّذِينَ يَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَا هَبْ لَنَا مِنْ أَزْوَاجِنَا وَذُرِّيَّاتِنَا قُرَّةَ أَعْيُنٍ وَاجْعَلْنَا لِلْمُتَّقِينَ إِمَامًا
📘 and those who say ‘Our Lord! Grant us in our spouses and our offspring read plural dhurriyyātinā or singular dhurriyyatinā a joyful sight for us so that we see them obedient to You and make us paragons of virtue for the God-fearing’.
أُولَٰئِكَ يُجْزَوْنَ الْغُرْفَةَ بِمَا صَبَرُوا وَيُلَقَّوْنَ فِيهَا تَحِيَّةً وَسَلَامًا
📘 Those they will be rewarded with the sublime abode the highest degree in Paradise forasmuch as they were steadfast in obedience to God and they will be met read yulaqqawna or yalqawna therein in this sublime abode with a greeting and words of peace from the angels;
خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا ۚ حَسُنَتْ مُسْتَقَرًّا وَمُقَامًا
📘 abiding therein. Excellent is it as an abode and station as a place of residence for them ūlā’ika ‘those they …’ and what comes after it constitute the predicate to the subject ‘ibādu’l-rahmāni ‘the servants of the Compassionate One’.
قُلْ مَا يَعْبَأُ بِكُمْ رَبِّي لَوْلَا دُعَاؤُكُمْ ۖ فَقَدْ كَذَّبْتُمْ فَسَوْفَ يَكُونُ لِزَامًا
📘 Say O Muhammad (s) to the people of Mecca ‘My Lord would not be concerned with you mā is for negation were it not for your supplications to Him when you are in adversity which He then removes. But why should He be concerned with you when you have denied the Messenger and the Qur’ān and so that the chastisement will remain binding’ permanently bound to you in the Hereafter in addition to what will befall you in this world; and so on the day of Badr seventy of them were slain the response to the conditional lawlā ‘were it not for …’ is indicated the preceding words.
أَوْ يُلْقَىٰ إِلَيْهِ كَنْزٌ أَوْ تَكُونُ لَهُ جَنَّةٌ يَأْكُلُ مِنْهَا ۚ وَقَالَ الظَّالِمُونَ إِنْ تَتَّبِعُونَ إِلَّا رَجُلًا مَسْحُورًا
📘 Or a treasure thrown down to him from the heaven for him to spend from so as not to be in need of walking through the marketplaces in order to earn his livelihood. Or he has a garden an orchard for him to eat from?’ that is to eat from its fruits and satisfy himself therewith a variant reading for ya’kulu ‘for him to eat’ has na’kulu ‘for us to eat’ and thus possess because of that garden an advantage over us. The wrongdoers namely the disbelievers say to the believers ‘You are just following a man bewitched!’ one duped his mind overcome. God exalted be He says
انْظُرْ كَيْفَ ضَرَبُوا لَكَ الْأَمْثَالَ فَضَلُّوا فَلَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ سَبِيلًا
📘 See how they strike similitudes for you of the fact that the Prophet is a person bewitched and one in need of something to expend from and of an angel to help him carry out the task of delivering the Message so that they go astray thereby from guidance and are unable to find a way a means thereto to guidance.
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