🕋 تفسير سورة الشعراء
(Ash-Shuara) • المصدر: EN-AL-JALALAYN
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ طسم
📘 Tā sīn mīm God knows best what He means by these letters.
وَإِذْ نَادَىٰ رَبُّكَ مُوسَىٰ أَنِ ائْتِ الْقَوْمَ الظَّالِمِينَ
📘 And mention O Muhammad (s) to your people when your Lord called to Moses on the night he saw the fire and the bush saying ‘Go to the wrongdoing folk as a messenger
فَمَا لَنَا مِنْ شَافِعِينَ
📘 So now we have no intercessors as the believers have in the way of angels prophets and other believers
وَلَا صَدِيقٍ حَمِيمٍ
📘 nor any sympathetic friend who might be concerned for us.
فَلَوْ أَنَّ لَنَا كَرَّةً فَنَكُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ
📘 If only we had another turn another return to this world we would have been among those who believe!’ law ‘if only’ here is for the conditional optative to which nakūna ‘we would have been’ constitutes the response.
إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَآيَةً ۖ وَمَا كَانَ أَكْثَرُهُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ
📘 Surely in that which is mentioned of the tale of Abraham and his people there is a sign; but most of them are not believers.
وَإِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الرَّحِيمُ
📘 And truly your Lord He is the Mighty the Merciful.
كَذَّبَتْ قَوْمُ نُوحٍ الْمُرْسَلِينَ
📘 The people of Noah denied the messengers by denying him for they all brought the same message affirming God’s Oneness; or it is because he stayed among them for so long that it was as though he was many messengers the feminine person of the verb kadhdhabat ‘denied’ governed by qawm ‘the people’ is on account of the import but it is masculine on account of its morphological form;
إِذْ قَالَ لَهُمْ أَخُوهُمْ نُوحٌ أَلَا تَتَّقُونَ
📘 when Noah their brother — their brother only in terms of lineage — said to them ‘Will you not fear? God?
إِنِّي لَكُمْ رَسُولٌ أَمِينٌ
📘 Truly I am a trusted messenger sent to you to deliver the Message with which I have been sent.
فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُونِ
📘 So fear God and obey me in what I enjoin you to of God’s Oneness and obedience to Him.
وَمَا أَسْأَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَجْرٍ ۖ إِنْ أَجْرِيَ إِلَّا عَلَىٰ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ
📘 I do not ask of you any reward for it for delivering it; for my reward lies only with the Lord of the Worlds.
قَوْمَ فِرْعَوْنَ ۚ أَلَا يَتَّقُونَ
📘 Pharaoh’s folk to them as well as him — they wronged their souls by disbelieving in God and wronged the Children of Israel by enslaving them — Will they not a-lā the hamza indicates a negation meant as a rebuke show fear?’ of God by being obedient to Him and affirm His Oneness?
فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُونِ
📘 So fear God and obey me’ — he repeats this statement for emphasis.
۞ قَالُوا أَنُؤْمِنُ لَكَ وَاتَّبَعَكَ الْأَرْذَلُونَ
📘 They said ‘Shall we believe in you in your words when it is the lowliest people who follow you?’ wa’ttaba‘aka a variant reading has wa-atbā‘uka ‘when your followers’ plural of tābi‘ ‘follower’ as a subject the riffraff such as the weavers and the shoemakers.
قَالَ وَمَا عِلْمِي بِمَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ
📘 He said ‘And what do I know of what they may have been doing?
إِنْ حِسَابُهُمْ إِلَّا عَلَىٰ رَبِّي ۖ لَوْ تَشْعُرُونَ
📘 Their reckoning is only my Lord’s concern and He will requite them if only you were aware — had you known this you would not have reviled them.
وَمَا أَنَا بِطَارِدِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ
📘 And I am not about to drive away the believers.
إِنْ أَنَا إِلَّا نَذِيرٌ مُبِينٌ
📘 I am just a plain warner’.
قَالُوا لَئِنْ لَمْ تَنْتَهِ يَا نُوحُ لَتَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الْمَرْجُومِينَ
📘 They said ‘Lo! if you do not desist O Noah from what you say to us you will assuredly be among those assailed’ with stones or curses.
قَالَ رَبِّ إِنَّ قَوْمِي كَذَّبُونِ
📘 He Noah said ‘My Lord my people have denied me
فَافْتَحْ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَهُمْ فَتْحًا وَنَجِّنِي وَمَنْ مَعِيَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ
📘 so judge conclusively between me and them and deliver me and the believers who are with me’.
فَأَنْجَيْنَاهُ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ فِي الْفُلْكِ الْمَشْحُونِ
📘 He exalted be He says So We delivered him and those who were with him in the laden ark the ship filled with humans animals and birds.
قَالَ رَبِّ إِنِّي أَخَافُ أَنْ يُكَذِّبُونِ
📘 He Moses said ‘My Lord I fear they will deny me
ثُمَّ أَغْرَقْنَا بَعْدُ الْبَاقِينَ
📘 Then afterwards after We delivered them We drowned the rest of his people.
إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَآيَةً ۖ وَمَا كَانَ أَكْثَرُهُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ
📘 Surely in that there is a sign; but most of them are not believers.
وَإِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الرَّحِيمُ
📘 Truly your Lord He is the Mighty the Merciful.
كَذَّبَتْ عَادٌ الْمُرْسَلِينَ
📘 ‘Ād denied the messengers
إِذْ قَالَ لَهُمْ أَخُوهُمْ هُودٌ أَلَا تَتَّقُونَ
📘 when Hūd their brother said to them ‘Will you not fear God?
إِنِّي لَكُمْ رَسُولٌ أَمِينٌ
📘 Truly I am a trusted messenger sent to you.
فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُونِ
📘 So fear God and obey me.
وَمَا أَسْأَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَجْرٍ ۖ إِنْ أَجْرِيَ إِلَّا عَلَىٰ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ
📘 I do not ask of you any reward for this; for my reward lies only with the Lord of the Worlds.
أَتَبْنُونَ بِكُلِّ رِيعٍ آيَةً تَعْبَثُونَ
📘 Do you build on every prominence every high place a monument an edifice as a signpost for passers-by so that you may hurl abuse? at those who pass by you and deride them ta‘bathūna is a circumstantial qualifier referring to the subject of the verb tabnūna ‘you build’.
وَتَتَّخِذُونَ مَصَانِعَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَخْلُدُونَ
📘 And you set up structures for extracting water underground that perhaps you might as though you will last forever therein and not die.
وَيَضِيقُ صَدْرِي وَلَا يَنْطَلِقُ لِسَانِي فَأَرْسِلْ إِلَىٰ هَارُونَ
📘 and that anguish will constrain my breast because of their denial of me and that my tongue will not utter clearly to deliver the Message because of the knot in it. So give the Mission to my brother Aaron alongside me.
وَإِذَا بَطَشْتُمْ بَطَشْتُمْ جَبَّارِينَ
📘 And when you assault to smite or slay you assault like tyrants mercilessly!
فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُونِ
📘 So fear God in this and obey me in what I have commanded you.
وَاتَّقُوا الَّذِي أَمَدَّكُمْ بِمَا تَعْلَمُونَ
📘 And fear Him Who has provided you Who has been gracious to you in a way that you know
أَمَدَّكُمْ بِأَنْعَامٍ وَبَنِينَ
📘 provided you with cattle and sons
وَجَنَّاتٍ وَعُيُونٍ
📘 and gardens orchards and springs rivers.
إِنِّي أَخَافُ عَلَيْكُمْ عَذَابَ يَوْمٍ عَظِيمٍ
📘 Indeed I fear for you the chastisement of a tremendous day’ in this world and in the Hereafter should you disobey me.
قَالُوا سَوَاءٌ عَلَيْنَا أَوَعَظْتَ أَمْ لَمْ تَكُنْ مِنَ الْوَاعِظِينَ
📘 They said ‘It is the same to us whether you admonish us or are not one of those who admonish anyway. In other words we will not heed your admonition.
إِنْ هَٰذَا إِلَّا خُلُقُ الْأَوَّلِينَ
📘 This that you threaten us with is merely the fabrication of the ancients that is their inventions and lies a variant reading for khalq ‘fabrication’ is khuluq ‘ethos’ in other words this denial of resurrection to which we adhere is merely ‘the ethos of the ancients’ in other words their nature and wont;
وَمَا نَحْنُ بِمُعَذَّبِينَ
📘 and we will not be chastised’.
فَكَذَّبُوهُ فَأَهْلَكْنَاهُمْ ۗ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَآيَةً ۖ وَمَا كَانَ أَكْثَرُهُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ
📘 So they denied him concerning the chastisement whereupon We destroyed them in this world with the barren wind cf. Q. 5141. Surely in that there is a sign; but most of them are not believers.
وَلَهُمْ عَلَيَّ ذَنْبٌ فَأَخَافُ أَنْ يَقْتُلُونِ
📘 And I have sinned against them by my slaying of the Egyptian man and I fear they will slay me’ for this.
وَإِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الرَّحِيمُ
📘 Truly your Lord He is the Mighty the Merciful.
كَذَّبَتْ ثَمُودُ الْمُرْسَلِينَ
📘 Thamūd denied the messengers
إِذْ قَالَ لَهُمْ أَخُوهُمْ صَالِحٌ أَلَا تَتَّقُونَ
📘 when Sālih their brother said to them ‘Will you fear God?
إِنِّي لَكُمْ رَسُولٌ أَمِينٌ
📘 Truly I am a trusted messenger sent to you.
فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُونِ
📘 So fear God and obey me.
وَمَا أَسْأَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَجْرٍ ۖ إِنْ أَجْرِيَ إِلَّا عَلَىٰ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ
📘 I do not ask of you any reward for this; for my reward lies only with the Lord of the Worlds.
أَتُتْرَكُونَ فِي مَا هَاهُنَا آمِنِينَ
📘 Will you be left secure in that which is here of good things —
فِي جَنَّاتٍ وَعُيُونٍ
📘 amid gardens and springs
وَزُرُوعٍ وَنَخْلٍ طَلْعُهَا هَضِيمٌ
📘 and farms and date palms with slender delicate and tender spathes?
وَتَنْحِتُونَ مِنَ الْجِبَالِ بُيُوتًا فَارِهِينَ
📘 And you hew dwellings out of the mountains arrogantly a variant reading of farihīna ‘arrogant’ has fārihīn ‘skilfully’.
قَالَ كَلَّا ۖ فَاذْهَبَا بِآيَاتِنَا ۖ إِنَّا مَعَكُمْ مُسْتَمِعُونَ
📘 Said He exalted be He ‘Certainly not! they shall not slay you. Go both of you you and your brother — this address although in the dual form is predominantly for the person present as opposed to the absent one — with Our signs. We will indeed be with you hearing what you say and what is said to you ma‘akum the two Moses and Aaron are referred to here with the plural pronoun.
فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُونِ
📘 So fear God and obey me in what I have commanded you
وَلَا تُطِيعُوا أَمْرَ الْمُسْرِفِينَ
📘 and do not obey the command of the prodigal
الَّذِينَ يُفْسِدُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَلَا يُصْلِحُونَ
📘 who cause corruption in the earth through acts of disobedience and act righteously’ by being obedient to God.
قَالُوا إِنَّمَا أَنْتَ مِنَ الْمُسَحَّرِينَ
📘 They said ‘You are indeed one of the bewitched those who have succumbed so many times to sorcery that their minds have been overcome.
مَا أَنْتَ إِلَّا بَشَرٌ مِثْلُنَا فَأْتِ بِآيَةٍ إِنْ كُنْتَ مِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ
📘 And moreover you are just a human being like us. So bring us a sign if you are sincere’ in your Mission.
قَالَ هَٰذِهِ نَاقَةٌ لَهَا شِرْبٌ وَلَكُمْ شِرْبُ يَوْمٍ مَعْلُومٍ
📘 He said ‘This is a she-camel; she shall drink a share of the water and you shall drink each on a known day.
وَلَا تَمَسُّوهَا بِسُوءٍ فَيَأْخُذَكُمْ عَذَابُ يَوْمٍ عَظِيمٍ
📘 And do not cause her any harm for then you shall be seized by the chastisement of an awful day’ awful because of the awfulness of the chastisement.
فَعَقَرُوهَا فَأَصْبَحُوا نَادِمِينَ
📘 But they hamstrung her — a group of them hamstrung her with the approval of others; and then became remorseful for having hamstrung it.
فَأَخَذَهُمُ الْعَذَابُ ۗ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَآيَةً ۖ وَمَا كَانَ أَكْثَرُهُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ
📘 So they were seized by the chastisement which had been promised and were destroyed. Surely in that there is a sign; but most of them are not believers.
وَإِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الرَّحِيمُ
📘 Truly your Lord He is the Mighty the Merciful.
فَأْتِيَا فِرْعَوْنَ فَقُولَا إِنَّا رَسُولُ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ
📘 So the two of you approach Pharaoh and say “Indeed We are — indeed each of the two of us is the Messenger of the Lord of the Worlds to you
كَذَّبَتْ قَوْمُ لُوطٍ الْمُرْسَلِينَ
📘 The people of Lot denied the messengers
إِذْ قَالَ لَهُمْ أَخُوهُمْ لُوطٌ أَلَا تَتَّقُونَ
📘 when Lot their brother said to them ‘Will you not fear God?
إِنِّي لَكُمْ رَسُولٌ أَمِينٌ
📘 Truly I am a trusted messenger sent to you.
فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُونِ
📘 So fear God and obey me.
وَمَا أَسْأَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَجْرٍ ۖ إِنْ أَجْرِيَ إِلَّا عَلَىٰ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ
📘 I do not ask of you any reward for this; my reward lies only with the Lord of the Worlds.
أَتَأْتُونَ الذُّكْرَانَ مِنَ الْعَالَمِينَ
📘 What! Of all people you come unto males to fornicate
وَتَذَرُونَ مَا خَلَقَ لَكُمْ رَبُّكُمْ مِنْ أَزْوَاجِكُمْ ۚ بَلْ أَنْتُمْ قَوْمٌ عَادُونَ
📘 and forsake the wives your Lord has created for you? in other words you forsake intimacy with their front parts? Nay but you are a transgressing folk’ overstepping the bounds of what is lawful into what is unlawful.
قَالُوا لَئِنْ لَمْ تَنْتَهِ يَا لُوطُ لَتَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الْمُخْرَجِينَ
📘 They said ‘If you do not desist O Lot from reproaching us you will assuredly be of those expelled’ from our land.
قَالَ إِنِّي لِعَمَلِكُمْ مِنَ الْقَالِينَ
📘 He Lot said ‘Truly I abhor I detest what you do.
رَبِّ نَجِّنِي وَأَهْلِي مِمَّا يَعْمَلُونَ
📘 My Lord deliver me and my family from what they do’ that is from the punishment for it.
أَنْ أَرْسِلْ مَعَنَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ
📘 that you should let go forth with us to Syria the Children of Israel” ’. So they approached him and said to him that which has been mentioned.
فَنَجَّيْنَاهُ وَأَهْلَهُ أَجْمَعِينَ
📘 So We delivered him and all his family
إِلَّا عَجُوزًا فِي الْغَابِرِينَ
📘 except an old woman — his wife — among those who stayed behind whom We destroyed.
ثُمَّ دَمَّرْنَا الْآخَرِينَ
📘 Then We destroyed all the others
وَأَمْطَرْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ مَطَرًا ۖ فَسَاءَ مَطَرُ الْمُنْذَرِينَ
📘 and We rained on them a rain We rained on them stones — this detail pertains to the previous statement concerning their destruction — and evil was their rain the rain of those who were warned!
إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَآيَةً ۖ وَمَا كَانَ أَكْثَرُهُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ
📘 Surely in that there is a sign; but most of them are not believers.
وَإِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الرَّحِيمُ
📘 Surely your Lord He is the Mighty the Merciful.
كَذَّبَ أَصْحَابُ الْأَيْكَةِ الْمُرْسَلِينَ
📘 The dwellers in the wood a variant reading for ashābu’l-aykati has ashābu laykata a thicket of trees near Midian denied the messengers
إِذْ قَالَ لَهُمْ شُعَيْبٌ أَلَا تَتَّقُونَ
📘 when Shu‘ayb — He God does not say ‘their brother’ in this instance because he Shu‘ayb was not in terms of lineage one of them — said to them ‘Will you not fear God?
إِنِّي لَكُمْ رَسُولٌ أَمِينٌ
📘 Truly I am a trusted messenger sent to you.
فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُونِ
📘 So fear God and obey me.
قَالَ أَلَمْ نُرَبِّكَ فِينَا وَلِيدًا وَلَبِثْتَ فِينَا مِنْ عُمُرِكَ سِنِينَ
📘 He Pharaoh said to Moses ‘Did we not rear you among us in our homes as a child? as an infant only recently born but weaned and did you not stay with us for years of your life? for thirty years — he would dress from Pharaoh’s clothes and ride chariots of his and was referred to as Pharaoh’s son.
وَمَا أَسْأَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَجْرٍ ۖ إِنْ أَجْرِيَ إِلَّا عَلَىٰ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ
📘 I do not ask of you any reward for this; indeed my reward lies only with the Lord of the Worlds.
۞ أَوْفُوا الْكَيْلَ وَلَا تَكُونُوا مِنَ الْمُخْسِرِينَ
📘 Give full measure and do not be of those who give short measure
وَزِنُوا بِالْقِسْطَاسِ الْمُسْتَقِيمِ
📘 and weigh with an even balance
وَلَا تَبْخَسُوا النَّاسَ أَشْيَاءَهُمْ وَلَا تَعْثَوْا فِي الْأَرْضِ مُفْسِدِينَ
📘 and do not defraud people in their goods do not diminish anything of what is due to them and do not be degenerate in the earth seeking corruption by killing or otherwise ta‘thaw ‘degenerate’ derives from ‘athiya meaning afsada ‘to corrupt’; mufsidīna ‘seeking corruption’ is a circumstantial qualifier emphasising the import of its operator ta‘thaw.
وَاتَّقُوا الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ وَالْجِبِلَّةَ الْأَوَّلِينَ
📘 And fear Him Who created you and the former generations’ all creation before you.
قَالُوا إِنَّمَا أَنْتَ مِنَ الْمُسَحَّرِينَ
📘 They said ‘You are indeed one of the bewitched.
وَمَا أَنْتَ إِلَّا بَشَرٌ مِثْلُنَا وَإِنْ نَظُنُّكَ لَمِنَ الْكَاذِبِينَ
📘 You are just a human being like us. And we indeed in softened in place of the hardened form its subject omitted in other words it would be innahu think that you are one of the liars.
فَأَسْقِطْ عَلَيْنَا كِسَفًا مِنَ السَّمَاءِ إِنْ كُنْتَ مِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ
📘 Then make fragments read kisfan or kisafan of the heaven fall upon us if you are of the truthful’ in your Mission.
قَالَ رَبِّي أَعْلَمُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ
📘 He said ‘My Lord knows best what you are doing’ and will requite you for it.
فَكَذَّبُوهُ فَأَخَذَهُمْ عَذَابُ يَوْمِ الظُّلَّةِ ۚ إِنَّهُ كَانَ عَذَابَ يَوْمٍ عَظِيمٍ
📘 But they denied him so they were seized by the chastisement of the day of the shade al-zulla — a cloud which gave them shade when they suffered a bout of extreme heat but which then rained down fire on them and they were incinerated. Assuredly it was the chastisement of a tremendous day.
وَفَعَلْتَ فَعْلَتَكَ الَّتِي فَعَلْتَ وَأَنْتَ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ
📘 And you committed that deed of yours — namely his slaying of the Egyptian — being an ingrate’ a denier of my favours to you in having reared you among us and not enslaved you.
إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَآيَةً ۖ وَمَا كَانَ أَكْثَرُهُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ
📘 Surely in that there is a sign; but most of them are not believers.
وَإِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الرَّحِيمُ
📘 Surely your Lord He is the Mighty the Merciful.
وَإِنَّهُ لَتَنْزِيلُ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ
📘 Truly it the Qur’ān is the revelation of the Lord of the Worlds
نَزَلَ بِهِ الرُّوحُ الْأَمِينُ
📘 brought down by the Trustworthy Spirit Gabriel
عَلَىٰ قَلْبِكَ لِتَكُونَ مِنَ الْمُنْذِرِينَ
📘 upon your heart that you may be one of the warners
بِلِسَانٍ عَرَبِيٍّ مُبِينٍ
📘 in a clear Arabic tongue a variant reading for nazala ‘he brought down’ verse 193 has nuzzila ‘was sent down’ and al-rūha ‘the Spirit’ in the accusative the subject of the verb being God.
وَإِنَّهُ لَفِي زُبُرِ الْأَوَّلِينَ
📘 And truly it the allusion to the Qur’ān that would be revealed to Muhammad (s) is in the Scriptures the Books of the ancients such as the Torah and the Gospel.
أَوَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ آيَةً أَنْ يَعْلَمَهُ عُلَمَاءُ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ
📘 Is it not a sign of this fact for them for the disbelievers of Mecca that the learned of the Children of Israel recognise it? those such as ‘Abd Allāh b. Salām and his companions from among those who became Muslim believers they are able inform you of this read yakun with āyatan in the accusative or takun with āyatun in the nominative.
وَلَوْ نَزَّلْنَاهُ عَلَىٰ بَعْضِ الْأَعْجَمِينَ
📘 For had We revealed it to some non-Arabs a‘jamūn is the plural of a‘jam
فَقَرَأَهُ عَلَيْهِمْ مَا كَانُوا بِهِ مُؤْمِنِينَ
📘 and had he recited it to them that is to the disbelievers of Mecca they would not have believed in it disdaining to follow it.
تِلْكَ آيَاتُ الْكِتَابِ الْمُبِينِ
📘 Those namely these signs are the signs of the Manifest Book the Qur’ān the genitive annexation āyātu’l-kitābi conveys the partitive meaning of min the Manifest meaning the one that manifests what is truth from what is falsehood.
قَالَ فَعَلْتُهَا إِذًا وَأَنَا مِنَ الضَّالِّينَ
📘 He Moses said ‘I did that then when I was astray from the knowledge and the Message which God would later give me.
كَذَٰلِكَ سَلَكْنَاهُ فِي قُلُوبِ الْمُجْرِمِينَ
📘 So in the same way in which We would have caused denial of it to penetrate the hearts of disbelievers had it been recited by a non-Arab We have caused denial of it to penetrate the hearts of the criminals the Meccan disbelievers when Muhammad (s) recites it.
لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِهِ حَتَّىٰ يَرَوُا الْعَذَابَ الْأَلِيمَ
📘 They will not believe in it until they behold the painful chastisement
فَيَأْتِيَهُمْ بَغْتَةً وَهُمْ لَا يَشْعُرُونَ
📘 so that it will come upon them suddenly while they are not aware.
فَيَقُولُوا هَلْ نَحْنُ مُنْظَرُونَ
📘 Thereupon they will say ‘Shall we be granted any respite?’ that we might become believers?; and it shall be said to them ‘No!’ and they will say ‘When will this chastisement be?’ God exalted be He says
أَفَبِعَذَابِنَا يَسْتَعْجِلُونَ
📘 So do they seek to hasten Our chastisement?
أَفَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ مَتَّعْنَاهُمْ سِنِينَ
📘 Consider this then — inform Me If We were to let them enjoy life for many years
ثُمَّ جَاءَهُمْ مَا كَانُوا يُوعَدُونَ
📘 then there were to come on them that which they have been promised of chastisement
مَا أَغْنَىٰ عَنْهُمْ مَا كَانُوا يُمَتَّعُونَ
📘 in what way mā here is interrogative would that enjoyment which they were given avail them? in averting the chastisement or mitigating it? It would be of no avail!
وَمَا أَهْلَكْنَا مِنْ قَرْيَةٍ إِلَّا لَهَا مُنْذِرُونَ
📘 And We have not destroyed any town but it had warners messengers to warn its inhabitants;
ذِكْرَىٰ وَمَا كُنَّا ظَالِمِينَ
📘 as a reminder an admonition for them; for We were never unjust for We destroy them only after they have been warned. The following was revealed to refute what the idolaters were saying
فَفَرَرْتُ مِنْكُمْ لَمَّا خِفْتُكُمْ فَوَهَبَ لِي رَبِّي حُكْمًا وَجَعَلَنِي مِنَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ
📘 So I fled from you as I was afraid of you. Then my Lord gave me judgement knowledge and made me one of the messengers.
وَمَا تَنَزَّلَتْ بِهِ الشَّيَاطِينُ
📘 It the Qur’ān has not been brought down by the devils.
وَمَا يَنْبَغِي لَهُمْ وَمَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ
📘 Neither would it behove befit them to bring it down nor are they capable of doing that.
إِنَّهُمْ عَنِ السَّمْعِ لَمَعْزُولُونَ
📘 Truly they are barred restrained with blazing stars from the hearing of the sayings of the angels.
فَلَا تَدْعُ مَعَ اللَّهِ إِلَٰهًا آخَرَ فَتَكُونَ مِنَ الْمُعَذَّبِينَ
📘 So do not invoke any other god with God lest you be among the chastised — if you were to do what they call you to.
وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ
📘 And warn the nearest of your kinsfolk namely the Banū Hāshim and the Banū al-Muttalib ‘He the Prophet warned them publicly …’ as reported by al-Bukhārī and Muslim.
وَاخْفِضْ جَنَاحَكَ لِمَنِ اتَّبَعَكَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ
📘 And lower your wing show your gentle side to the believers the affirmers of God’s Oneness who follow you.
فَإِنْ عَصَوْكَ فَقُلْ إِنِّي بَرِيءٌ مِمَّا تَعْمَلُونَ
📘 But if they your kinsfolk disobey you say to them ‘I am absolved of what you do’ in worshipping gods other than God.
وَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى الْعَزِيزِ الرَّحِيمِ
📘 And put your trust wa-tawakkal or read fa-tawakkal ‘then put your trust’ in the Mighty the Merciful God in other words entrust Him with all your affairs
الَّذِي يَرَاكَ حِينَ تَقُومُ
📘 Who sees you when you stand for prayer
وَتَقَلُّبَكَ فِي السَّاجِدِينَ
📘 and your movements — in performing the various parts of prayer standing sitting bowing and prostrating — among those who prostrate those who perform the prayers.
وَتِلْكَ نِعْمَةٌ تَمُنُّهَا عَلَيَّ أَنْ عَبَّدْتَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ
📘 That is a favour with which you now reproach me that you have enslaved the Children of Israel’ an ‘abbadta banī Isrā’īl is explicative of tilka ‘that’ in other words you have enslaved them but not me there is no favour in that for your enslavement of them is wrong some scholars have reckoned there to be an interrogative hamza of denial at the beginning of this verse a-tilka ni‘matun ‘is that a favour?’.
إِنَّهُ هُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ
📘 Truly He is the Hearing the Knowing.
هَلْ أُنَبِّئُكُمْ عَلَىٰ مَنْ تَنَزَّلُ الشَّيَاطِينُ
📘 Shall I inform you O disbelievers of Mecca upon whom the devils descend? tanazzalu one of the tā’ letters in the original tatanazzalu has been omitted.
تَنَزَّلُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ أَفَّاكٍ أَثِيمٍ
📘 They descend upon every sinful profligate liar such as Musaylama and other soothsayers.
يُلْقُونَ السَّمْعَ وَأَكْثَرُهُمْ كَاذِبُونَ
📘 They the devils report the heard sayings what they hear from the angels they report to the soothsayers but most of them are liars adding much that is false to what they hear — this was revealed before the devils were barred from the heaven.
وَالشُّعَرَاءُ يَتَّبِعُهُمُ الْغَاوُونَ
📘 As for the poets only the perverse follow them in their poetry propounding it and reciting it on their behalf to others; they are thus reprehensible.
أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّهُمْ فِي كُلِّ وَادٍ يَهِيمُونَ
📘 Have you not noticed that — are you not aware that — in every valley of the valleys of rhetoric and the art thereof they rove overstepping the bounds of decency in their eulogies and diatribes
وَأَنَّهُمْ يَقُولُونَ مَا لَا يَفْعَلُونَ
📘 and that they say we do what they do not do? in other words that they lie.
إِلَّا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ وَذَكَرُوا اللَّهَ كَثِيرًا وَانْتَصَرُوا مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا ظُلِمُوا ۗ وَسَيَعْلَمُ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا أَيَّ مُنْقَلَبٍ يَنْقَلِبُونَ
📘 Save those poets who believe and perform righteous deeds and remember God frequently in other words those whom poetry does not distract from the remembrance of God and vindicate themselves by lampooning the disbelievers after they have been wronged by the disbelievers’ reviling of them as belonging together with all believers — such individuals are not reprehensible. God exalted be He says God does not like the utterance of evil words out loud unless a person has been wronged Q. 4148; He exalted be He also says so whoever commits aggression against you commit aggression against him in the manner that he committed against you Q. 2194; and those poets and others who are wrongdoers will soon know the reversal the return with which they will meet by which they will return after death.
قَالَ فِرْعَوْنُ وَمَا رَبُّ الْعَالَمِينَ
📘 Pharaoh said to Moses ‘And what is “the Lord of the Worlds” ’ the One Whose Messenger you say you indeed are? In other words what exactly is He? And since there is no way for creation to know the true nature of God but only to know Him through an articulation of His attributes Moses blessings and peace be upon him responds to him with mention of some of these attributes
قَالَ رَبُّ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا ۖ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُوقِنِينَ
📘 He said ‘The Lord of the heavens and the earth and all that is between them in other words the Creator of all that — should you have conviction’ that He exalted be He is their Creator then believe in Him alone.
قَالَ لِمَنْ حَوْلَهُ أَلَا تَسْتَمِعُونَ
📘 He Pharaoh said to those noblemen among his folk who were around him ‘Did you not hear?!’ his response how it does not correspond to the question I asked?
قَالَ رَبُّكُمْ وَرَبُّ آبَائِكُمُ الْأَوَّلِينَ
📘 He Moses said ‘Your Lord and the Lord of your forefathers’. Now even though this fact is comprised by what was said before it enrages Pharaoh and therefore
قَالَ إِنَّ رَسُولَكُمُ الَّذِي أُرْسِلَ إِلَيْكُمْ لَمَجْنُونٌ
📘 He said ‘Verily this messenger of yours sent to you is a madman!’
قَالَ رَبُّ الْمَشْرِقِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا ۖ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْقِلُونَ
📘 He Moses said ‘The Lord of the east and the west and all that is between them — should you comprehend’ that He is such a Lord then believe in Him alone.
قَالَ لَئِنِ اتَّخَذْتَ إِلَٰهًا غَيْرِي لَأَجْعَلَنَّكَ مِنَ الْمَسْجُونِينَ
📘 He Pharaoh said to Moses ‘If you choose any god other than me I will surely make you a prisoner!’. His Pharaoh’s prison was very harsh for a person would be shut up in a dungeon underground alone where he could neither see nor hear anyone else.
لَعَلَّكَ بَاخِعٌ نَفْسَكَ أَلَّا يَكُونُوا مُؤْمِنِينَ
📘 Perhaps O Muhammad (s) you might kill yourself out of distress for the reason that they namely the people of Mecca will not become believers la‘alla here expresses sympathy in other words what is meant is ‘have pity on it your self by alleviating the burden of this distress’.
قَالَ أَوَلَوْ جِئْتُكَ بِشَيْءٍ مُبِينٍ
📘 He Moses said to him ‘What would you do this even if I bring you something manifest?’ patent proof of my Mission?
قَالَ فَأْتِ بِهِ إِنْ كُنْتَ مِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ
📘 He Pharaoh said to him ‘Then bring it if you are truthful’ in this.
فَأَلْقَىٰ عَصَاهُ فَإِذَا هِيَ ثُعْبَانٌ مُبِينٌ
📘 So he threw down his staff and lo! it was a manifest serpent a great snake.
وَنَزَعَ يَدَهُ فَإِذَا هِيَ بَيْضَاءُ لِلنَّاظِرِينَ
📘 Then he drew out his hand he brought it out of his pocket and lo! it was white glowing before the onlookers and not its usual skin colour.
قَالَ لِلْمَلَإِ حَوْلَهُ إِنَّ هَٰذَا لَسَاحِرٌ عَلِيمٌ
📘 He Pharaoh said to the council around him ‘Surely this man is a cunning sorcerer an expert in the art of magic
يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُخْرِجَكُمْ مِنْ أَرْضِكُمْ بِسِحْرِهِ فَمَاذَا تَأْمُرُونَ
📘 who seeks to expel you from your land by his sorcery. So what do you advise?’
قَالُوا أَرْجِهْ وَأَخَاهُ وَابْعَثْ فِي الْمَدَائِنِ حَاشِرِينَ
📘 They said ‘Put him and his brother off for a while postpone judgement of their affair and send musterers into the cities
يَأْتُوكَ بِكُلِّ سَحَّارٍ عَلِيمٍ
📘 to bring you every cunning sorcerer’ to surpass Moses in the art of magic.
فَجُمِعَ السَّحَرَةُ لِمِيقَاتِ يَوْمٍ مَعْلُومٍ
📘 So the sorcerers were assembled at a fixed time of a known day which was the morning of the Festival Day.
وَقِيلَ لِلنَّاسِ هَلْ أَنْتُمْ مُجْتَمِعُونَ
📘 And it was said to the people ‘Will you assemble!’
إِنْ نَشَأْ نُنَزِّلْ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ آيَةً فَظَلَّتْ أَعْنَاقُهُمْ لَهَا خَاضِعِينَ
📘 If We will We will send down to them a sign from the heaven before which their necks will remain fa-zallat although grammatically in the past tense is being used in the sense of the imperfect tense bowed in humility and they will believe since ‘necks’ are described as ‘bowed in humility’ a status which in fact refers to those who possess them the adjectival form khādi‘ūn ‘bowed in humility’ used therein is the one normally used for rational beings.
لَعَلَّنَا نَتَّبِعُ السَّحَرَةَ إِنْ كَانُوا هُمُ الْغَالِبِينَ
📘 Maybe we will follow the sorcerers should they be the victors’ the interrogative of the previous verse is an incitement to assemble and the optative sense implicit in la‘alla is due to their anticipation of victory and hence their continued adherence to their religion and rejection of Moses.
فَلَمَّا جَاءَ السَّحَرَةُ قَالُوا لِفِرْعَوْنَ أَئِنَّ لَنَا لَأَجْرًا إِنْ كُنَّا نَحْنُ الْغَالِبِينَ
📘 So when the sorcerers came they said to Pharaoh ‘Shall we indeed read a-inna either by pronouncing both hamzas or by not pronouncing the second but in both cases inserting an alif have a reward if we were to be the victors?’
قَالَ نَعَمْ وَإِنَّكُمْ إِذًا لَمِنَ الْمُقَرَّبِينَ
📘 He said ‘Yes of course! And you shall then be among those closest to me’.
قَالَ لَهُمْ مُوسَىٰ أَلْقُوا مَا أَنْتُمْ مُلْقُونَ
📘 Moses said to them after they had said to him Either you cast or we shall be the casters Q. 7115 ‘Cast what you have to cast’ — the command to do this signifies an authorisation for them to cast and a means whereby the truth will be made to prevail.
فَأَلْقَوْا حِبَالَهُمْ وَعِصِيَّهُمْ وَقَالُوا بِعِزَّةِ فِرْعَوْنَ إِنَّا لَنَحْنُ الْغَالِبُونَ
📘 So they cast their ropes and their staffs and said ‘By the power of Pharaoh we shall surely be the victors!’
فَأَلْقَىٰ مُوسَىٰ عَصَاهُ فَإِذَا هِيَ تَلْقَفُ مَا يَأْفِكُونَ
📘 Thereat Moses cast his staff and lo! it was swallowing talqafu one of the original two tā’ letters of taltaqifu has been assimilated what they had faked what they had transformed through illusion making their ropes and staffs appear to be moving serpents.
فَأُلْقِيَ السَّحَرَةُ سَاجِدِينَ
📘 So the sorcerers fell down prostrating.
قَالُوا آمَنَّا بِرَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ
📘 They said ‘We believe in the Lord of the Worlds
رَبِّ مُوسَىٰ وَهَارُونَ
📘 the Lord of Moses and Aaron’ for they realised that what they had witnessed in the case of the staff could not have been the result of mere sorcery.
قَالَ آمَنْتُمْ لَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ آذَنَ لَكُمْ ۖ إِنَّهُ لَكَبِيرُكُمُ الَّذِي عَلَّمَكُمُ السِّحْرَ فَلَسَوْفَ تَعْلَمُونَ ۚ لَأُقَطِّعَنَّ أَيْدِيَكُمْ وَأَرْجُلَكُمْ مِنْ خِلَافٍ وَلَأُصَلِّبَنَّكُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ
📘 Pharaoh said ‘Do you believe a-āmantum read pronouncing both hamzas or replacing the second one with an alif him Moses though I have not given you leave? He is indeed your chief the one who has taught you sorcery — so that he only taught you some tricks and then surpassed you with others. Soon you will know what I will do with you! I will assuredly cut off your hands and legs on opposite sides — in other words the right hand of each one together with his left leg — then I shall surely crucify you all.’
وَمَا يَأْتِيهِمْ مِنْ ذِكْرٍ مِنَ الرَّحْمَٰنِ مُحْدَثٍ إِلَّا كَانُوا عَنْهُ مُعْرِضِينَ
📘 And there would never come to them from the Compassionate One any remembrance any revelation from the Qur’ān that is new muhdathin is an explicative adjective but that they used to disregard it.
قَالُوا لَا ضَيْرَ ۖ إِنَّا إِلَىٰ رَبِّنَا مُنْقَلِبُونَ
📘 They said ‘There is no harm in that no damage will be done to us thereby. Surely to our Lord after we die whichever way that may be we shall return in the Hereafter.
إِنَّا نَطْمَعُ أَنْ يَغْفِرَ لَنَا رَبُّنَا خَطَايَانَا أَنْ كُنَّا أَوَّلَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ
📘 Indeed We hope our Lord will forgive us our iniquities for being the first to believe’ in our time.
۞ وَأَوْحَيْنَا إِلَىٰ مُوسَىٰ أَنْ أَسْرِ بِعِبَادِي إِنَّكُمْ مُتَّبَعُونَ
📘 And We revealed to Moses after many years which he spent among them calling them to the truth with God’s signs but all of which only increased them in insolence saying ‘Journey with My servants the Children of Israel by night a variant reading for an asri is an isr from the verb sarā one form of asrā go with them by night in the direction of the sea for indeed you will be pursued’. Pharaoh and his armies will pursue you but when they enter the sea in pursuit of you I will deliver you and drown them.
فَأَرْسَلَ فِرْعَوْنُ فِي الْمَدَائِنِ حَاشِرِينَ
📘 Then Pharaoh having been informed of their night departure sent to the cities — it is said that he ruled a thousand cities and twelve thousand villages — musterers to assemble the army saying
إِنَّ هَٰؤُلَاءِ لَشِرْذِمَةٌ قَلِيلُونَ
📘 ‘Lo! these are but a small gang. It is said that they the Children of Israel numbered 670000 while his Pharaoh’s vanguard alone numbered 700000 and so he deemed their number insignificant in comparison to his huge army.
وَإِنَّهُمْ لَنَا لَغَائِظُونَ
📘 And indeed they have enraged us their actions infuriate us
وَإِنَّا لَجَمِيعٌ حَاذِرُونَ
📘 and indeed we are all on our guard’ ready a variant reading for hadhirūna has hādhirūn meaning ‘alert’.
فَأَخْرَجْنَاهُمْ مِنْ جَنَّاتٍ وَعُيُونٍ
📘 God exalted be He says So We made them Pharaoh and his folk go forth out of Egypt in order to pursue Moses and his people from gardens orchards on either side of the Nile and springs streams running from the Nile through their dwellings
وَكُنُوزٍ وَمَقَامٍ كَرِيمٍ
📘 and treasures visible riches of gold and silver — these riches are called kunūz as opposed to amwāl ‘riches’ because that portion which is always due to God exalted be He from them had not been paid — and splendid places exquisite residences for princes and ministers surrounded by their retinues.
كَذَٰلِكَ وَأَوْرَثْنَاهَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ
📘 So it was that is Our expulsion of them was as We have described and We made the Children of Israel to inherit these after drowning Pharaoh and his folk.
فَقَدْ كَذَّبُوا فَسَيَأْتِيهِمْ أَنْبَاءُ مَا كَانُوا بِهِ يَسْتَهْزِئُونَ
📘 Verily then they have denied it; but soon there will come to them the news the consequences of that which they used to deride.
فَأَتْبَعُوهُمْ مُشْرِقِينَ
📘 Then they pursued them they caught them up at sunrise.
فَلَمَّا تَرَاءَى الْجَمْعَانِ قَالَ أَصْحَابُ مُوسَىٰ إِنَّا لَمُدْرَكُونَ
📘 And when the two hosts sighted each other the companions of Moses said ‘We have been caught!’ Pharaoh’s hosts have caught us up and we have no power against them.
قَالَ كَلَّا ۖ إِنَّ مَعِيَ رَبِّي سَيَهْدِينِ
📘 He Moses said ‘Certainly not! they shall not catch us up; indeed I have my Lord with me to provide assistance. He will guide me’ to the route of deliverance.
فَأَوْحَيْنَا إِلَىٰ مُوسَىٰ أَنِ اضْرِبْ بِعَصَاكَ الْبَحْرَ ۖ فَانْفَلَقَ فَكَانَ كُلُّ فِرْقٍ كَالطَّوْدِ الْعَظِيمِ
📘 God exalted be He says Thereupon We revealed to Moses ‘Strike the sea with your staff’ and he struck it whereupon it parted it split into twelve parts and each part was as a mighty mountain between each of these parts were paths which they followed such that not even the saddles or the felts of the riders were touched by water.
وَأَزْلَفْنَا ثَمَّ الْآخَرِينَ
📘 And there We brought near the others Pharaoh and his folk until they followed them across the same paths.
وَأَنْجَيْنَا مُوسَىٰ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ أَجْمَعِينَ
📘 And We delivered Moses and all those who were with him by bringing them out of the sea while it was in the state mentioned above.
ثُمَّ أَغْرَقْنَا الْآخَرِينَ
📘 Then We drowned the others Pharaoh and his folk by closing the sea on them after they had entered the sea and the Children of Israel had exited therefrom.
إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَآيَةً ۖ وَمَا كَانَ أَكْثَرُهُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ
📘 Surely in that drowning of Pharaoh and his folk there is a sign a lesson for those generations who would come after them; but most of them are not believers in God. The only ones to believe were Āsiya — Pharaoh’s wife — Hizqīl the believing man of Pharaoh’s family and Maryam daughter of Nāmūsī she who pointed out the bone remains of the prophet Joseph peace be upon him.
وَإِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الرَّحِيمُ
📘 And surely your Lord He is the Mighty for He wrought vengeance upon the disbelievers by drowning them the Merciful to believers delivering them from drowning.
وَاتْلُ عَلَيْهِمْ نَبَأَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ
📘 And recite to them the disbelievers of Mecca the tiding the tale of Abraham Ibrāhīma is substituted by the following idh qāla ‘when he said’
أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْا إِلَى الْأَرْضِ كَمْ أَنْبَتْنَا فِيهَا مِنْ كُلِّ زَوْجٍ كَرِيمٍ
📘 Have they not contemplated observed the earth how many We have caused to grow therein in other words We have caused to grow therein many of every splendid kind of vegetation of every fair species.
إِذْ قَالَ لِأَبِيهِ وَقَوْمِهِ مَا تَعْبُدُونَ
📘 when he said to his father and his people ‘What do you worship?’
قَالُوا نَعْبُدُ أَصْنَامًا فَنَظَلُّ لَهَا عَاكِفِينَ
📘 They said ‘We worship idols — they reiterate the verb in the response in order to supplement it with the following remark — and remain cleaving to them’ we remain worshipping them all day; they give a longer response to indicate their misplaced pride in such an act.
قَالَ هَلْ يَسْمَعُونَكُمْ إِذْ تَدْعُونَ
📘 He said ‘Do they hear you when you supplicate?
أَوْ يَنْفَعُونَكُمْ أَوْ يَضُرُّونَ
📘 Or do they bring you benefit when you worship them or harm? to you if you do not?
قَالُوا بَلْ وَجَدْنَا آبَاءَنَا كَذَٰلِكَ يَفْعَلُونَ
📘 They said ‘Rather we found our fathers so doing’ that is doing the same as we do.
قَالَ أَفَرَأَيْتُمْ مَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْبُدُونَ
📘 He said ‘Have you considered what you have been worshipping
أَنْتُمْ وَآبَاؤُكُمُ الْأَقْدَمُونَ
📘 you and your ancestors?
فَإِنَّهُمْ عَدُوٌّ لِي إِلَّا رَبَّ الْعَالَمِينَ
📘 They are indeed hateful to me I do not worship them; but the Lord of the Worlds I do worship Him
الَّذِي خَلَقَنِي فَهُوَ يَهْدِينِ
📘 He Who created me it is He Who guides me to the proper religion
وَالَّذِي هُوَ يُطْعِمُنِي وَيَسْقِينِ
📘 and provides me with food and drink
إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَآيَةً ۖ وَمَا كَانَ أَكْثَرُهُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ
📘 Surely in that there is a sign an indication of the perfection of His power exalted be He; but most of them in God’s knowledge are not believers kāna here according to Sībawayhi is extra.
وَإِذَا مَرِضْتُ فَهُوَ يَشْفِينِ
📘 and when I am sick it is He Who cures me;
وَالَّذِي يُمِيتُنِي ثُمَّ يُحْيِينِ
📘 and Who will make me die then give me life
وَالَّذِي أَطْمَعُ أَنْ يَغْفِرَ لِي خَطِيئَتِي يَوْمَ الدِّينِ
📘 and Who I hope will forgive me my iniquity on the Day of Judgement the Day of Requital.
رَبِّ هَبْ لِي حُكْمًا وَأَلْحِقْنِي بِالصَّالِحِينَ
📘 My Lord! Grant me unerring judgement knowledge and unite me with the righteous the prophets.
وَاجْعَلْ لِي لِسَانَ صِدْقٍ فِي الْآخِرِينَ
📘 And confer on me a worthy repute excellent praise among posterity those who will come after me up to the Day of Resurrection.
وَاجْعَلْنِي مِنْ وَرَثَةِ جَنَّةِ النَّعِيمِ
📘 And make me among the inheritors of the Garden of Bliss among those who will be given it.
وَاغْفِرْ لِأَبِي إِنَّهُ كَانَ مِنَ الضَّالِّينَ
📘 And forgive my father for indeed he is one of those who are astray by Your relenting to him and forgiving him this was before it became clear to him Abraham that he his father was an enemy of God as mentioned in sūrat Barā’a Q. 9114.
وَلَا تُخْزِنِي يَوْمَ يُبْعَثُونَ
📘 And do not disgrace me do not expose me on the day when they mankind are resurrected;
يَوْمَ لَا يَنْفَعُ مَالٌ وَلَا بَنُونَ
📘 of which day God exalted be He says the following the day when neither wealth nor children will avail anyone
إِلَّا مَنْ أَتَى اللَّهَ بِقَلْبٍ سَلِيمٍ
📘 except him who comes to God with a heart that is sound free from idolatry and hypocrisy — and this is the heart of the believer whom such things will avail.
وَإِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الرَّحِيمُ
📘 And surely your Lord He is the Mighty One Who will exact vengeance from the disbelievers the Merciful Who shows mercy to believers.
وَأُزْلِفَتِ الْجَنَّةُ لِلْمُتَّقِينَ
📘 And Paradise will be brought near for the God-fearing and they will be able to see it
وَبُرِّزَتِ الْجَحِيمُ لِلْغَاوِينَ
📘 and Hell will be revealed plainly for the perverse the disbelievers.
وَقِيلَ لَهُمْ أَيْنَ مَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْبُدُونَ
📘 And it will be said to them ‘Where is that which you used to worship
مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ هَلْ يَنْصُرُونَكُمْ أَوْ يَنْتَصِرُونَ
📘 besides God? that is other than Him in the way of idols. Do they help you by averting from you the chastisement or do they help one another?’ by averting it from themselves? No neither!
فَكُبْكِبُوا فِيهَا هُمْ وَالْغَاوُونَ
📘 Then they will be hurled cast into it they and the perverse
وَجُنُودُ إِبْلِيسَ أَجْمَعُونَ
📘 and the hosts of Iblīs his followers and those jinn and humans who were obedient to him all together.
قَالُوا وَهُمْ فِيهَا يَخْتَصِمُونَ
📘 They the perverse shall say as they wrangle therein with those whom they used to worship
تَاللَّهِ إِنْ كُنَّا لَفِي ضَلَالٍ مُبِينٍ
📘 ‘By God we had indeed in softened in place of the hardened form with its subject omitted in other words it would usually be innahu been in manifest error
إِذْ نُسَوِّيكُمْ بِرَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ
📘 when we equated you in worship with the Lord of the Worlds.
وَمَا أَضَلَّنَا إِلَّا الْمُجْرِمُونَ
📘 And it was none other than the sinners the devils or our predecessors whose example we were following that led us astray from guidance.
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