🕋 تفسير سورة الإسراء
(Al-Isra) • المصدر: EN-TAFSIR-IBN-ABBAS
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ سُبْحَانَ الَّذِي أَسْرَىٰ بِعَبْدِهِ لَيْلًا مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ الْأَقْصَى الَّذِي بَارَكْنَا حَوْلَهُ لِنُرِيَهُ مِنْ آيَاتِنَا ۚ إِنَّهُ هُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْبَصِيرُ
📘 And from his own narration on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas that he said regarding the interpretation of Allah's saying (Glorified be): '(Glorified be) He says: He is far exalted above and exonerated from having a son or partner (He Who carried His servant) He Who took His servant Muhammad, peace be on him, (by night) at the beginning of the night (from the Inviolable Place of Worship) from the Sacred Precinct, from the house of Umm Hani' the daughter of Abu Talib (to the Far Distant Place of Worship) far in distance, but close to heaven, i.e. the Mosque of Jerusalem (the neighbourhood whereof We have blessed) with water, trees and fruits, (that We might show him) that We might show Muhammad (pbuh) (of Our tokens!) of Our marvels, for all the things He saw that night were marvels of Allah. (Lo! He, only He, is the Nearer) of what the Quraysh say, (the Seer) He sees them just as He sees His servant Muhammad (pbuh).
وَأَنَّ الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْآخِرَةِ أَعْتَدْنَا لَهُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا
📘 (And that those who believe not in the Hereafter) those who do not believe in resurrection after death, (for them We have prepared a painful doom) in the Hereafter.
قُلْ لَوْ أَنْتُمْ تَمْلِكُونَ خَزَائِنَ رَحْمَةِ رَبِّي إِذًا لَأَمْسَكْتُمْ خَشْيَةَ الْإِنْفَاقِ ۚ وَكَانَ الْإِنْسَانُ قَتُورًا
📘 (Say) O Muhammad, to the people of Mecca: (If you possessed the treasures of the mercy of my Lord) if you possessed the keys to the stores of the provision of my Lord, (ye would surely hold them back for fear of spending) for fear of becoming poor, (for man) i.e. the disbelieving man (was ever grudging) parsimonious, stingy and tight-fisted.
وَلَقَدْ آتَيْنَا مُوسَىٰ تِسْعَ آيَاتٍ بَيِّنَاتٍ ۖ فَاسْأَلْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ إِذْ جَاءَهُمْ فَقَالَ لَهُ فِرْعَوْنُ إِنِّي لَأَظُنُّكَ يَا مُوسَىٰ مَسْحُورًا
📘 (And verily We gave unto Moses nine tokens clear proofs (of Allah's Sovereignty)) nine clear signs: the hand, the staff, the flood, the locusts, the lice, blood, the years of drought and the disappearance of properties. (Do but ask the Children of Israel) 'Abdullah Ibn Salam and his followers (how he) Moses (came unto them, then Pharaoh said unto him: Lo! I deem thee one bewitched, O Moses) I think that you are possessed.
قَالَ لَقَدْ عَلِمْتَ مَا أَنْزَلَ هَٰؤُلَاءِ إِلَّا رَبُّ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ بَصَائِرَ وَإِنِّي لَأَظُنُّكَ يَا فِرْعَوْنُ مَثْبُورًا
📘 (He said) Moses said to him: (In truth thou knowest) O Pharaoh (that none sent down these (portents)) these signs (save the Lord of the heavens and the earth as proofs) as an indication and sign of my prophethood, (and lo! (for my part) I deem) I know and believe (thee lost, O Pharaoh) that you are a lost disbeliever.
فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَسْتَفِزَّهُمْ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ فَأَغْرَقْنَاهُ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ جَمِيعًا
📘 (And he wished to scare them from the land) the land of Jordan and Palestine, (but We drowned him) in the sea (and those with him, all together).
وَقُلْنَا مِنْ بَعْدِهِ لِبَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ اسْكُنُوا الْأَرْضَ فَإِذَا جَاءَ وَعْدُ الْآخِرَةِ جِئْنَا بِكُمْ لَفِيفًا
📘 (And We said unto the Children of Israel after him) after his destruction: (Dwell in the land) the land of Jordan and Palestine; (but when the promise of the Hereafter) when resurrection after death; and it is also said that this means: when Jesus son of Mary descends (cometh to pass we shall bring you as a crowd gathered out of various nations.)
وَبِالْحَقِّ أَنْزَلْنَاهُ وَبِالْحَقِّ نَزَلَ ۗ وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ إِلَّا مُبَشِّرًا وَنَذِيرًا
📘 (With truth have We sent it down) We have sent Gabriel to Muhammad (pbuh) with the Qur'an, (and with truth hath it descended) he descended with the Qur'an. (And We have sent thee) O Muhammad (as naught else save a bearer of good tidings) of Paradise (and a warner) from hell.
وَقُرْآنًا فَرَقْنَاهُ لِتَقْرَأَهُ عَلَى النَّاسِ عَلَىٰ مُكْثٍ وَنَزَّلْنَاهُ تَنْزِيلًا
📘 (And (it is) a Qur'an) And We have sent Gabriel with the Qur'an (that We have divided) We explained therein the lawful and unlawful, the commands and prohibitions, (that thou mayst recite it unto mankind at intervals) in a composed manner, deliberately and thoughtfully, (and We have revealed it by (successive) revelation) We have exposited it clearly; it is also said that this means: We have sent Gabriel with the Qur'an in different phases, each time with two or three verses, and so on and so forth.
قُلْ آمِنُوا بِهِ أَوْ لَا تُؤْمِنُوا ۚ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْعِلْمَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ إِذَا يُتْلَىٰ عَلَيْهِمْ يَخِرُّونَ لِلْأَذْقَانِ سُجَّدًا
📘 (Say) O Muhammad, to them: (Believe therein) believe in the Qur'an (or believe not) this is a threat to them, (lo! those who were given knowledge) those who were given knowledge of the Torah and are aware of the description and attributes of Muhammad (pbuh) (before it) before the Qur'an, (when it is read unto them) when the Qur'an is read to them, (fall down prostrate on their faces, adoring) they prostrate to Allah,
وَيَقُولُونَ سُبْحَانَ رَبِّنَا إِنْ كَانَ وَعْدُ رَبِّنَا لَمَفْعُولًا
📘 (Saying: Glory to our Lord!) they exonerate Allah from having a son or partner. (Verily the promise of our Lord) regarding the sending of Muhammad (pbuh) (must be fulfilled) is true and must happen.
وَيَخِرُّونَ لِلْأَذْقَانِ يَبْكُونَ وَيَزِيدُهُمْ خُشُوعًا ۩
📘 (They fall down on their faces) in prostration, (weeping) in their prostration, (and it increaseth humility in them) this was revealed about 'Abdullah Ibn Salam and his companions.
وَيَدْعُ الْإِنْسَانُ بِالشَّرِّ دُعَاءَهُ بِالْخَيْرِ ۖ وَكَانَ الْإِنْسَانُ عَجُولًا
📘 (Man) i.e. al-Nadr Ibn al-Harth (prayeth for evil) prays for curses and chastisement to descend on himself and his family (as he prays for good) as he prays for well-being and mercy; (for man) al-Nadr Ibn al-Harth (was ever hasty) he is hasty to encounter chastisement.
قُلِ ادْعُوا اللَّهَ أَوِ ادْعُوا الرَّحْمَٰنَ ۖ أَيًّا مَا تَدْعُوا فَلَهُ الْأَسْمَاءُ الْحُسْنَىٰ ۚ وَلَا تَجْهَرْ بِصَلَاتِكَ وَلَا تُخَافِتْ بِهَا وَابْتَغِ بَيْنَ ذَٰلِكَ سَبِيلًا
📘 (Say) to them, O Muhammad: (Cry unto Allah, or cry unto the Beneficent, unto whichsoever ye cry (it is the same). His are the most beautiful names) the most sublime attributes such as knowledge, power, hearing, sight; so call Him by using them. (And thou (Muhammad), be not loud voiced in thy worship) do not be too loud in your recitation of the Qur'an during prayer so that the idolaters do not harm you (nor yet silent therein) such that your Companions cannot hear you, (but follow a way between) a middle ground between loud and silent recitation.
وَقُلِ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي لَمْ يَتَّخِذْ وَلَدًا وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ شَرِيكٌ فِي الْمُلْكِ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وَلِيٌّ مِنَ الذُّلِّ ۖ وَكَبِّرْهُ تَكْبِيرًا
📘 (And say: Praise be to Allah) gratitude and divinity are Allah's, (Who hath not taken unto Himself a son) from amongst the angels or humans such that he inherits His dominion, (and Who hath no partner in the Sovereignty) such that he shows enmity towards Him, (nor hath He any protecting friend) a helper (through dependence) from among the Jews and Christians; it is also said that this means: He has not been humiliated such that He needs a helper from the Jews or Christians. (And magnify Him with all magnificence) deem Him far exalted above what the Jews, Christians and idolaters say about Him; and Allah knows better the secrets of His Book.
وَجَعَلْنَا اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ آيَتَيْنِ ۖ فَمَحَوْنَا آيَةَ اللَّيْلِ وَجَعَلْنَا آيَةَ النَّهَارِ مُبْصِرَةً لِتَبْتَغُوا فَضْلًا مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ وَلِتَعْلَمُوا عَدَدَ السِّنِينَ وَالْحِسَابَ ۚ وَكُلَّ شَيْءٍ فَصَّلْنَاهُ تَفْصِيلًا
📘 (And we appoint the night and the day two portents) two signs; the reference here is to the sun and the moon. (Then We make dark the portent of the night) the light of the sign of the night, i.e. the moon, (and We make) and leave (the portent of the day) i.e. the sun (sight giving) bright and clear, (that ye may seek bounty from your Lord) the bounty of this worldly life and that of the Hereafter, (and that ye may know) and that you may know through the increase and decrease of the phases of the moon (the computation of the years and the reckoning) how to count days and months; (and everything) the lawful and the unlawful, the commands and prohibitions (have We exposited with a clear expositing) We have clearly explained it in the Qur'an.
وَكُلَّ إِنْسَانٍ أَلْزَمْنَاهُ طَائِرَهُ فِي عُنُقِهِ ۖ وَنُخْرِجُ لَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ كِتَابًا يَلْقَاهُ مَنْشُورًا
📘 (And every man's augury) the scroll containing his answer to [the angels] Munkar and Nakir in the grave (have We fastened to his own neck) it is also said that this refers to every man's good and evil deeds; and it is also said that it refers to whether he is felicitous or damned, (and We shall bring forth for him on the Day of Resurrection a book which he will find) he will be given (wide open) containing his good and bad deeds.
اقْرَأْ كِتَابَكَ كَفَىٰ بِنَفْسِكَ الْيَوْمَ عَلَيْكَ حَسِيبًا
📘 And it will be said to him: (Read thy book. Thy soul sufficeth as reckoner against thee this day) your soul is a witness of what you did.
مَنِ اهْتَدَىٰ فَإِنَّمَا يَهْتَدِي لِنَفْسِهِ ۖ وَمَنْ ضَلَّ فَإِنَّمَا يَضِلُّ عَلَيْهَا ۚ وَلَا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَىٰ ۗ وَمَا كُنَّا مُعَذِّبِينَ حَتَّىٰ نَبْعَثَ رَسُولًا
📘 (Whosoever goeth right) whosoever believes, (it is only for (the good of) his own soul that he goeth right) the reward for his belief will go to himself, (and whosoever erreth) and whoever disbelieves, (erreth only to its hurt) the punishment for his disbelief will be against his soul. (No laden soul can bear another's load) no soul laden with sin shall bear another person's sins with a good disposition of the soul, but rather she will bear them through retaliation; it is also said that this means: no soul will be punished for the sins committed by another soul; and it is also said that this means: no soul shall be chastised for the sins of another. (We never punish) a folk by causing their destruction (until We have sent) to them (a messenger) in order to establish a proof against them.
وَإِذَا أَرَدْنَا أَنْ نُهْلِكَ قَرْيَةً أَمَرْنَا مُتْرَفِيهَا فَفَسَقُوا فِيهَا فَحَقَّ عَلَيْهَا الْقَوْلُ فَدَمَّرْنَاهَا تَدْمِيرًا
📘 (And when We would destroy a township We send commandment to its folk who live at ease) We send commandments to its leaders and tyrants to obey; it is also said that this means: We increase the number of its chiefs, tyrants and wealthy people; and it is also said that this means: We rouse against them their tyrants and leaders, (and afterward they commit abomination therein) they commit acts of disobedience therein, (and so the Word (of doom) hath effect for it) its destruction takes effect, (and We annihilate it with complete annihilation) We completely destroy them.
وَكَمْ أَهْلَكْنَا مِنَ الْقُرُونِ مِنْ بَعْدِ نُوحٍ ۗ وَكَفَىٰ بِرَبِّكَ بِذُنُوبِ عِبَادِهِ خَبِيرًا بَصِيرًا
📘 (How many generations) of old (have we destroyed since Noah!) since the people of Noah (And Allah sufficeth as knower and Beholder of the sins of His slaves) that they were destroyed even We have not explained this to you; and We know their sins and chastisement.
مَنْ كَانَ يُرِيدُ الْعَاجِلَةَ عَجَّلْنَا لَهُ فِيهَا مَا نَشَاءُ لِمَنْ نُرِيدُ ثُمَّ جَعَلْنَا لَهُ جَهَنَّمَ يَصْلَاهَا مَذْمُومًا مَدْحُورًا
📘 (Whoso desireth that (life) which hasteneth away) i.e. this worldly life by performing that which was made obligatory upon him, (We hasten for him therein) We give him in this worldly life (that We will) to give (for whom We please) to destroy in the Hereafter. (And afterward We have appointed) We have decreed (for him hell; he will endure the heat thereof, condemned, rejected) and deprived from the reward of any good deed. This verse was revealed about Marthad Ibn Thumamah.
وَمَنْ أَرَادَ الْآخِرَةَ وَسَعَىٰ لَهَا سَعْيَهَا وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ فَأُولَٰئِكَ كَانَ سَعْيُهُمْ مَشْكُورًا
📘 (And whoso desireth the Hereafter) i.e. Paradise by performing that which was made obligatory upon him (and striveth for it with the effort necessary) strives to enter Paradise by performing the acts that lead to it, (being a believer) and besides this he is a sincere believer; (for such, their effort) their works (findeth favour (with their Lord)) their works are accepted. This verse was revealed about Bilal the Muezzin.
وَآتَيْنَا مُوسَى الْكِتَابَ وَجَعَلْنَاهُ هُدًى لِبَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ أَلَّا تَتَّخِذُوا مِنْ دُونِي وَكِيلًا
📘 (We gave unto Moses the Scripture) We gave Moses the Torah in one instalment, (and We appointed it a guidance for the Children of Israel) from error, (saying: Choose) worship (no guardian) no lord (beside Me).
كُلًّا نُمِدُّ هَٰؤُلَاءِ وَهَٰؤُلَاءِ مِنْ عَطَاءِ رَبِّكَ ۚ وَمَا كَانَ عَطَاءُ رَبِّكَ مَحْظُورًا
📘 (Each do We supply) provision, (both these) the obedient people (and those) and the disobedient people, (from the bounty of thy Lord) from the provision of your Lord. (And the bounty of thy Lord) and the provision of your Lord (can never be walled up) withheld from either the obedient or sinful person.
انْظُرْ كَيْفَ فَضَّلْنَا بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ ۚ وَلَلْآخِرَةُ أَكْبَرُ دَرَجَاتٍ وَأَكْبَرُ تَفْضِيلًا
📘 (See) O Muhammad (how We prefer one above another) in this worldly life by means of wealth and servants, (and verily the Hereafter) in the Hereafter (will be greater in degrees) greater merits for the believers (and greater in preferment) for the believers who will have more rewards and higher degrees.
لَا تَجْعَلْ مَعَ اللَّهِ إِلَٰهًا آخَرَ فَتَقْعُدَ مَذْمُومًا مَخْذُولًا
📘 (Set not up) do not pronounce (with Allah any other god (O man) lest thou sit down reproved) reproaching yourself, (forsaken) by your Lord.
۞ وَقَضَىٰ رَبُّكَ أَلَّا تَعْبُدُوا إِلَّا إِيَّاهُ وَبِالْوَالِدَيْنِ إِحْسَانًا ۚ إِمَّا يَبْلُغَنَّ عِنْدَكَ الْكِبَرَ أَحَدُهُمَا أَوْ كِلَاهُمَا فَلَا تَقُلْ لَهُمَا أُفٍّ وَلَا تَنْهَرْهُمَا وَقُلْ لَهُمَا قَوْلًا كَرِيمًا
📘 (Thy Lord hath decreed) your Lord has commanded, (that ye worship none save Him) that you declare the divine Oneness of none save Allah, Exalted is He, (and (that you show) kindness to parents) be dutiful to them. (If one of them) one of the parents (or both of them to attain old age with thee, say not �Fie� unto them) do not address them with foul language (nor repulse them) nor be harsh with them, (but speak unto them a gracious word) kind words.
وَاخْفِضْ لَهُمَا جَنَاحَ الذُّلِّ مِنَ الرَّحْمَةِ وَقُلْ رَبِّ ارْحَمْهُمَا كَمَا رَبَّيَانِي صَغِيرًا
📘 (And lower unto them the wing of submission) humble yourself to them (through mercy) be compassionate towards them, (and say: My Lord! Have mercy on them both) if they are Muslims (as they did care for me when I was little).
رَبُّكُمْ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا فِي نُفُوسِكُمْ ۚ إِنْ تَكُونُوا صَالِحِينَ فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ لِلْأَوَّابِينَ غَفُورًا
📘 (Your Lord is best aware of what is in your minds) what is in your hearts of goodness and kindness towards the parents. (If ye are righteous) if you are dutiful towards your parents, (then lo! He was ever Forgiving unto those who turn (unto Him)) He forgives those who repent. This verse was revealed about Sa'd Ibn Abi Waqqas.
وَآتِ ذَا الْقُرْبَىٰ حَقَّهُ وَالْمِسْكِينَ وَابْنَ السَّبِيلِ وَلَا تُبَذِّرْ تَبْذِيرًا
📘 (Give the kinsman his due) enjoin keeping ties with kinsmen, (and the needy) enjoin beneficence towards the needy, (and the wayfarer) enjoin honouring the guest for three days, (and squander not (your wealth) in wantonness) and do not squander your wealth in other than the right of Allah, if it is a very small amount; it is also said that this means: do not squander your wealth in other than in obedience of Allah.
إِنَّ الْمُبَذِّرِينَ كَانُوا إِخْوَانَ الشَّيَاطِينِ ۖ وَكَانَ الشَّيْطَانُ لِرَبِّهِ كَفُورًا
📘 (Lo! the squanderers) those who squander their wealth in other than the right of Allah (were ever brothers of the devils) the aids of the devils, (and the devil was ever an ingrate to his Lord).
وَإِمَّا تُعْرِضَنَّ عَنْهُمُ ابْتِغَاءَ رَحْمَةٍ مِنْ رَبِّكَ تَرْجُوهَا فَقُلْ لَهُمْ قَوْلًا مَيْسُورًا
📘 (But if thou turn away from them) if you turn away from your kinsmen and the needy because of diffidence and mercy, (seeking mercy from thy Lord) waiting for the mercy of your Lord, (for which thou hope) to come to you; it is also said that this means: if you are waiting for some wealth to come to you, (then speak unto them a reasonable word) promise them kindly that you will give them something in the future.
وَلَا تَجْعَلْ يَدَكَ مَغْلُولَةً إِلَىٰ عُنُقِكَ وَلَا تَبْسُطْهَا كُلَّ الْبَسْطِ فَتَقْعُدَ مَلُومًا مَحْسُورًا
📘 (And let not thy hand be chained to thy neck) let your hand not refrain from spending and giving gifts as would the person whose hand is chained to his neck (nor open it) in spending and giving gifts (with a complete opening) in spendthriftness. He says: do not give everything you have to one needy person or to one relative and leave all the rest, (lest thou sit down) lest you remain (rebuked) reproached by the needy and kinsmen, (denuded) cut off from kinsmen and the needy, without any wealth left. It is also said that this verse was revealed about a woman who asked for the shirt of the Prophet (pbuh). The latter took his shirt off, gave it to her and remained with his top bare. So Allah forbade him from doing so, telling him: do not open your hand completely when spending to the extent that you take off your shirt and give it away, and thus remain naked and blamed by people for remaining naked.
ذُرِّيَّةَ مَنْ حَمَلْنَا مَعَ نُوحٍ ۚ إِنَّهُ كَانَ عَبْدًا شَكُورًا
📘 ((They were) the seed of those whom We carried (in the ship) along with Noah) i.e. in the loins of those who were carried in the ship with Noah. (Lo! He) i.e. Noah (was a grateful slave) he was thankful whenever he ate, drank or put on his clothes; he always said: thanks to Allah.
إِنَّ رَبَّكَ يَبْسُطُ الرِّزْقَ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيَقْدِرُ ۚ إِنَّهُ كَانَ بِعِبَادِهِ خَبِيرًا بَصِيرًا
📘 (Lo! thy Lord) O Muhammad (enlargeth the provision) He enlarges wealth (for whom He will) of His servants as an act of consideration towards them, (and straiteneth (it for whom He will)) and He makes His provision straitened for some of His servants out of consideration for them. (Lo, He was ever Knower, Seer) of the enlarging and straitening (of His slaves) regarding that which is good for His servants.
وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا أَوْلَادَكُمْ خَشْيَةَ إِمْلَاقٍ ۖ نَحْنُ نَرْزُقُهُمْ وَإِيَّاكُمْ ۚ إِنَّ قَتْلَهُمْ كَانَ خِطْئًا كَبِيرًا
📘 (Slay not your children). This verse was revealed about the tribe of Khuza'ah who used to bury their new born daughters alive, and so Allah forbade them from doing so, telling them not bury their daughters alive, (fearing a fall to poverty) for fear of humiliation and poverty, (We shall provide for them) i.e. for your daughters (and for you. Lo! the slaying of them) burying them alive (is great sin) is a tremendous sin which deserves a great punishment.
وَلَا تَقْرَبُوا الزِّنَا ۖ إِنَّهُ كَانَ فَاحِشَةً وَسَاءَ سَبِيلًا
📘 (And come not near unto adultery) secretly or openly. (Lo! it is an abomination) a transgression and sin (and an evil way) to choose.
وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا النَّفْسَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ ۗ وَمَنْ قُتِلَ مَظْلُومًا فَقَدْ جَعَلْنَا لِوَلِيِّهِ سُلْطَانًا فَلَا يُسْرِفْ فِي الْقَتْلِ ۖ إِنَّهُ كَانَ مَنْصُورًا
📘 (And slay not the life) of a believing person (which Allah hath forbidden) to slay (save with right) through stoning, application of the law of retaliation or because of apostasy. (Whoso is slain wrongfully) and intentionally, (We have given power) a cause and pretext against the killer, if he wishes he can kill him and if he wishes he can spare him, and if he wishes he can take blood money instead (unto his heir) the heir of the victim, (but let him not commit excess in slaying) if he kills the killer of the victim. Thus, he should not kill other than the killer himself; it is also said that this means, according to another reading: do not kill ten people to avenge the killing of one person. (Lo! he will be helped) for in that case, he will be killed and cannot be spared.
وَلَا تَقْرَبُوا مَالَ الْيَتِيمِ إِلَّا بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ حَتَّىٰ يَبْلُغَ أَشُدَّهُ ۚ وَأَوْفُوا بِالْعَهْدِ ۖ إِنَّ الْعَهْدَ كَانَ مَسْئُولًا
📘 (Come not near the wealth of the orphan save with that which is better) through generating profit from it and by means of preserving it (till he come to strength) 15 or 18 years old; (and keep the covenant) that you pledged in the name of Allah between you and people. (Lo! of the covenant) the one who breaks the covenant (it will be asked) why he broke it on the Day of Judgement.
وَأَوْفُوا الْكَيْلَ إِذَا كِلْتُمْ وَزِنُوا بِالْقِسْطَاسِ الْمُسْتَقِيمِ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ خَيْرٌ وَأَحْسَنُ تَأْوِيلًا
📘 (Fill the measure) perfect measurement (when ye measure) to others, (and weigh with a right balance) with a fair balance; (that) perfecting measurement and weighing and fulfilling one's pledge (is meet) is better than breaking covenants and cheating in measure, (and better in the end) in the end result.
وَلَا تَقْفُ مَا لَيْسَ لَكَ بِهِ عِلْمٌ ۚ إِنَّ السَّمْعَ وَالْبَصَرَ وَالْفُؤَادَ كُلُّ أُولَٰئِكَ كَانَ عَنْهُ مَسْئُولًا
📘 ((O man), follow not) say not (that whereof thou hast no knowledge) whereby you say: I know, when you have no knowledge; or say: I saw, when you have not seen anything; or say: I heard, when you have not heard anything. (Lo! the hearing) that which you hear (and the sight) and that which you see (and the heart) and that which you hope for (of each of these) about each of these (it will be asked) on the Day of Judgement.
وَلَا تَمْشِ فِي الْأَرْضِ مَرَحًا ۖ إِنَّكَ لَنْ تَخْرِقَ الْأَرْضَ وَلَنْ تَبْلُغَ الْجِبَالَ طُولًا
📘 (And walk not in the earth exultant) showing haughtiness and arrogance. (Lo! thou canst not rend the earth) by means of your arrogance, (nor canst thou stretch to the height of the hills) nor reach the height of the mountains.
كُلُّ ذَٰلِكَ كَانَ سَيِّئُهُ عِنْدَ رَبِّكَ مَكْرُوهًا
📘 (The evil of all that) from which I have prohibited you (is hateful in the sight of thy Lord) is bad and hateful in the sight of your Lord.
ذَٰلِكَ مِمَّا أَوْحَىٰ إِلَيْكَ رَبُّكَ مِنَ الْحِكْمَةِ ۗ وَلَا تَجْعَلْ مَعَ اللَّهِ إِلَٰهًا آخَرَ فَتُلْقَىٰ فِي جَهَنَّمَ مَلُومًا مَدْحُورًا
📘 (This) which I have commanded you with (is (part) of that wisdom) in the Qur'an (wherewith thy Lord hath inspired you) commanded thee ((O Muhammad). And set not up) and pronounce not (with Allah any other god, lest thou be cast into hell, reproved) reproached by your soul, (abandoned) deprived of all that which is good.
وَقَضَيْنَا إِلَىٰ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ فِي الْكِتَابِ لَتُفْسِدُنَّ فِي الْأَرْضِ مَرَّتَيْنِ وَلَتَعْلُنَّ عُلُوًّا كَبِيرًا
📘 (And We decreed) in the Torah (for the Children of Israel in the Scripture: Ye verily will work corruption) you will indeed commit acts of disobedience (in the earth twice, and ye will become great tyrants) it is also said that this means: you will be mightily overpowered.
أَفَأَصْفَاكُمْ رَبُّكُمْ بِالْبَنِينَ وَاتَّخَذَ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ إِنَاثًا ۚ إِنَّكُمْ لَتَقُولُونَ قَوْلًا عَظِيمًا
📘 (Hath your Lord then distinguished you) chosen you ((O men of Mecca) by giving you sons, and hath chosen for Himself females from among the angels) as daughters? (Lo! verily you speak) about Allah (an awful word!) which deserves a severe punishment; it is also said that this means: you speak an awful word as a lie about Allah.
وَلَقَدْ صَرَّفْنَا فِي هَٰذَا الْقُرْآنِ لِيَذَّكَّرُوا وَمَا يَزِيدُهُمْ إِلَّا نُفُورًا
📘 (We verily have displayed) We have indeed explained (in this Qur'an) Our promises and warnings (that they may take heed) that they may be admonished, (but it) the threat of the Qur'an (increaseth them in naught save aversion) from faith.
قُلْ لَوْ كَانَ مَعَهُ آلِهَةٌ كَمَا يَقُولُونَ إِذًا لَابْتَغَوْا إِلَىٰ ذِي الْعَرْشِ سَبِيلًا
📘 (Say (O Muhammad, to the disbelievers): If there were other gods along with Him, as they say, then had they sought a way against the Lord of the Throne) they would have sought status and prestige with Allah; it is also said that this means: they would have sought to rise up to Him.
سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَىٰ عَمَّا يَقُولُونَ عُلُوًّا كَبِيرًا
📘 (Glorified is He) He exonerated Himself from having a son or partner, (and High Exalted) He is free of and too lofty (above what they say!) of idolatry.
تُسَبِّحُ لَهُ السَّمَاوَاتُ السَّبْعُ وَالْأَرْضُ وَمَنْ فِيهِنَّ ۚ وَإِنْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ إِلَّا يُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدِهِ وَلَٰكِنْ لَا تَفْقَهُونَ تَسْبِيحَهُمْ ۗ إِنَّهُ كَانَ حَلِيمًا غَفُورًا
📘 (The seven heavens and the earth and all that is therein) of created beings (praise Him, and there is not a thing) among plants (but hymneth his praise) His command; (but ye understand not their praise) you do not understand the language in which it is said. (Lo! He is ever Clement) with His servants since He does not hasten punishment on them, (Forgiving) of those who repent.
وَإِذَا قَرَأْتَ الْقُرْآنَ جَعَلْنَا بَيْنَكَ وَبَيْنَ الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْآخِرَةِ حِجَابًا مَسْتُورًا
📘 (And when thou recitest the Qur'an) in Mecca (We place between thee, and those who believe not in the Hereafter) those who do not believe in resurrection after death, meaning: Abu Jahl and his host (a hidden barrier) a veiled barrier.
وَجَعَلْنَا عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِمْ أَكِنَّةً أَنْ يَفْقَهُوهُ وَفِي آذَانِهِمْ وَقْرًا ۚ وَإِذَا ذَكَرْتَ رَبَّكَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ وَحْدَهُ وَلَّوْا عَلَىٰ أَدْبَارِهِمْ نُفُورًا
📘 (And We place upon their hearts veils) coverings (lest they should understand it) such that they do not understand the Truth, (and in their ears a deafness; and when thou makest mention of thy Lord alone in the Qur'an) saying: there is no god but Allah, (they turn their backs) they return to their idols and resume the worship of their deities (in aversion) of what you say.
نَحْنُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا يَسْتَمِعُونَ بِهِ إِذْ يَسْتَمِعُونَ إِلَيْكَ وَإِذْ هُمْ نَجْوَىٰ إِذْ يَقُولُ الظَّالِمُونَ إِنْ تَتَّبِعُونَ إِلَّا رَجُلًا مَسْحُورًا
📘 (We are best aware of what they wish to hear) the recitation of the Qur'an (when they give ear to you) when they listen to your recitation, i.e. Abu Jahl and his host (and when they take secret counsel) about your matter; some of them say you are a sorcerer, some a soothsayer, some a madman and others say you are a poet, (when the evil-doers say) when the idolaters say to one another: (Ye follow but a man bewitched) you follow Muhammad and he is bewitched.
انْظُرْ كَيْفَ ضَرَبُوا لَكَ الْأَمْثَالَ فَضَلُّوا فَلَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ سَبِيلًا
📘 (See) O Muhammad (what similitudes they coin for thee) how they liken you to a bewitched person, (and thus are all astray) and thus are wrong in what they say, (and cannot find a road!) out of what they said; and it is also said that this means: they cannot find a proof from what they say.
وَقَالُوا أَإِذَا كُنَّا عِظَامًا وَرُفَاتًا أَإِنَّا لَمَبْعُوثُونَ خَلْقًا جَدِيدًا
📘 (And they say) i.e. al-Nadr Ibn al-Harth and his host: (When we are) rotten (bones and fragments) scattered dust, (shall we, forsooth, be raised up) shall we be revived (as a new creation) shall the spirit be renewed in us after death?
فَإِذَا جَاءَ وَعْدُ أُولَاهُمَا بَعَثْنَا عَلَيْكُمْ عِبَادًا لَنَا أُولِي بَأْسٍ شَدِيدٍ فَجَاسُوا خِلَالَ الدِّيَارِ ۚ وَكَانَ وَعْدًا مَفْعُولًا
📘 (So when the time for the first of the two) the first of the two punishments; it is also said that this means: the first of the two corruptions (came, We roused against you slaves of Ours) Nebuchadnezzar and the host of the king of Babylon (of great might) of tremendous fighting skills (who ravaged (your) country) who killed you in the streets in the middle of your country, (and it was a threat performed) a decreed threat that surely takes place, that if you do such-and-such I will do this to you. Thus they stayed in captivity of Nebuchadnezzar for 90 years until Allah helped them with Koresh from Hamadan [Persia].
۞ قُلْ كُونُوا حِجَارَةً أَوْ حَدِيدًا
📘 (Say) to them, O Muhammad: (Be ye stones) whether you are stones or something harder (or iron) or even stronger than iron,
أَوْ خَلْقًا مِمَّا يَكْبُرُ فِي صُدُورِكُمْ ۚ فَسَيَقُولُونَ مَنْ يُعِيدُنَا ۖ قُلِ الَّذِي فَطَرَكُمْ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ ۚ فَسَيُنْغِضُونَ إِلَيْكَ رُءُوسَهُمْ وَيَقُولُونَ مَتَىٰ هُوَ ۖ قُلْ عَسَىٰ أَنْ يَكُونَ قَرِيبًا
📘 (Or some created thing that is yet greater in your thoughts) i.e. death! You will nonetheless be resurrected after death. (Then they will say: Who shall bring us back (to life)) who will revive us? (Say) to them, O Muhammad: (He who created you at the first) in the wombs of your mothers. (Then will they shake their heads at thee) in amazement at what you say to them, (and say: When will it be) when will be what you are promising us? (Say: It will perhaps) and 'perhaps' from Allah means that it is ordained (be soon);
يَوْمَ يَدْعُوكُمْ فَتَسْتَجِيبُونَ بِحَمْدِهِ وَتَظُنُّونَ إِنْ لَبِثْتُمْ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا
📘 Then He explained to them further, saying: (A day) on a Day (when He will call you) when Seraphiel will call you upon the blowing of the trumpet (and ye will answer with His praise) you will answer the caller of Allah by His command, (and ye will think that ye have tarried but a little while) you will think that you have stayed in your graves but a short time.
وَقُلْ لِعِبَادِي يَقُولُوا الَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ ۚ إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ يَنْزَغُ بَيْنَهُمْ ۚ إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ كَانَ لِلْإِنْسَانِ عَدُوًّا مُبِينًا
📘 (Tell My bondmen) 'Umar and his fellow believers (to speak) to say to the disbelievers (that which is kindlier) i.e. greet them and be kind to them. (Lo! the devil soweth discord among them) when you treat them harshly. (Lo! the devil is for man an open foe) his enmity is quite manifest. This injunction was before they were commanded to fight.
رَبُّكُمْ أَعْلَمُ بِكُمْ ۖ إِنْ يَشَأْ يَرْحَمْكُمْ أَوْ إِنْ يَشَأْ يُعَذِّبْكُمْ ۚ وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَكِيلًا
📘 (Your Lord is best aware of you) He knows what is best for you. (If He will, He will have mercy on you) and save you from the people of Mecca, (or if He will, He will punish you) and arouse them against you. (We have not sent thee (O Muhammad) as a warden over them) such that you will be taken to task over them.
وَرَبُّكَ أَعْلَمُ بِمَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۗ وَلَقَدْ فَضَّلْنَا بَعْضَ النَّبِيِّينَ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ ۖ وَآتَيْنَا دَاوُودَ زَبُورًا
📘 (And thy Lord is best aware of all who are in the heavens and the earth) of the believers and what is best for them. (And we preferred some of the Prophets above others) through bestowing upon some Our friendship and speaking directly to others, (and unto David We gave the Psalms) and We gave Moses the Torah, Jesus the Gospel and Muhammad (pbuh) the Qur'an.
قُلِ ادْعُوا الَّذِينَ زَعَمْتُمْ مِنْ دُونِهِ فَلَا يَمْلِكُونَ كَشْفَ الضُّرِّ عَنْكُمْ وَلَا تَحْوِيلًا
📘 (Say) O Muhammad, to Khuza'ah who worshipped the jinn, thinking they were angels: (Cry unto those (saints and angels) whom ye assume (to be gods)) you worship (beside Him) apart from Allah in times of hardship, (yet they have no power to rid you of misfortune) they cannot remove hardship from you (nor to change) nor transfer this hardship to someone else.
أُولَٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ يَبْتَغُونَ إِلَىٰ رَبِّهِمُ الْوَسِيلَةَ أَيُّهُمْ أَقْرَبُ وَيَرْجُونَ رَحْمَتَهُ وَيَخَافُونَ عَذَابَهُ ۚ إِنَّ عَذَابَ رَبِّكَ كَانَ مَحْذُورًا
📘 (Those unto whom they cry) worship (seek the way of approach to their Lord) seek nearness and merit with their Lord, (which of them shall be the nearest) to Allah; (they hope for His mercy) His Paradise (and they fear His doom. Lo! the doom of thy Lord is to be shunned) safety has not been granted to them.
وَإِنْ مِنْ قَرْيَةٍ إِلَّا نَحْنُ مُهْلِكُوهَا قَبْلَ يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ أَوْ مُعَذِّبُوهَا عَذَابًا شَدِيدًا ۚ كَانَ ذَٰلِكَ فِي الْكِتَابِ مَسْطُورًا
📘 (There is not a township but We shall destroy it) We shall destroy its people (ere the Day of Resurrection, or punish it with dire punishment) with the sword and diseases. (That) destruction and torment (is set forth in the Book (of Our decrees)) is written in the Guarded Tablet.
وَمَا مَنَعَنَا أَنْ نُرْسِلَ بِالْآيَاتِ إِلَّا أَنْ كَذَّبَ بِهَا الْأَوَّلُونَ ۚ وَآتَيْنَا ثَمُودَ النَّاقَةَ مُبْصِرَةً فَظَلَمُوا بِهَا ۚ وَمَا نُرْسِلُ بِالْآيَاتِ إِلَّا تَخْوِيفًا
📘 (Naught hindereth Us from) We were not hindered from (sending portents) the proofs they requested (save that the folk of old denied them) except the denial of the people of old, for upon denial of these proofs, We shall destroy them just as We destroyed those before them. (And We gave Thamud the she-camel) We gave the people of Salih a pregnant she-camel (a clear portent) a clear sign for the prophethood of Salih (but they did wrong about her) they denied the sign and killed her. (We send not portents) signs (save to warn) from torment, for We destroy them if they do not believe in them.
ثُمَّ رَدَدْنَا لَكُمُ الْكَرَّةَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَأَمْدَدْنَاكُمْ بِأَمْوَالٍ وَبَنِينَ وَجَعَلْنَاكُمْ أَكْثَرَ نَفِيرًا
📘 (Then we gave you once again your turn against them) through Koresh's defeat of Nebuchadnezzar; it is also said that this means: and We had pity on you and thus gave you once again your turn against them, (and We aided you with wealth and children and made you more in soldiery) We made you more in men and numbers,
وَإِذْ قُلْنَا لَكَ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ أَحَاطَ بِالنَّاسِ ۚ وَمَا جَعَلْنَا الرُّؤْيَا الَّتِي أَرَيْنَاكَ إِلَّا فِتْنَةً لِلنَّاسِ وَالشَّجَرَةَ الْمَلْعُونَةَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ ۚ وَنُخَوِّفُهُمْ فَمَا يَزِيدُهُمْ إِلَّا طُغْيَانًا كَبِيرًا
📘 (And (it was a warning) when We told thee: Lo! thy Lord encompasseth mankind) He is aware of the people of Mecca: those who will believe and those who will not, (and We appointed the vision) We did not show you the vision (which We showed thee) in your nocturnal ascension (as an ordeal for mankind) as a misfortune for the people of Mecca, (and (likewise) the Accursed Tree in the Qur'an) and the same applies to the mention of the Zaqqum tree in the Qur'an. (We warn them) by the Zaqqum tree, (but it) the warning (increaseth them in naught save gross impiety) save further engagement in transgression.
وَإِذْ قُلْنَا لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ اسْجُدُوا لِآدَمَ فَسَجَدُوا إِلَّا إِبْلِيسَ قَالَ أَأَسْجُدُ لِمَنْ خَلَقْتَ طِينًا
📘 (And when We said unto the angels) who were on the earth: (Fall down prostrate before Adam) a prostration of greeting (and they fell prostrate all save Iblis, he said: Shall I fall prostrate before that which Thou hast created of clay?)
قَالَ أَرَأَيْتَكَ هَٰذَا الَّذِي كَرَّمْتَ عَلَيَّ لَئِنْ أَخَّرْتَنِ إِلَىٰ يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ لَأَحْتَنِكَنَّ ذُرِّيَّتَهُ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا
📘 (He said: Seet Thou this (creature) whom Thou hast honoured above me) by means of this prostration, (if Thou give me grace) if you reprieve me (until the Day of Resurrection I verily will seize) I will cause to slip, overpower and dominate (his seed, save but a few) who are protected from me.
قَالَ اذْهَبْ فَمَنْ تَبِعَكَ مِنْهُمْ فَإِنَّ جَهَنَّمَ جَزَاؤُكُمْ جَزَاءً مَوْفُورًا
📘 (He said: Go, and) Allah said to him: and know that (whosoever of them followeth thee) in your religion (lo! your payment, ample payment) an abundant portion.
وَاسْتَفْزِزْ مَنِ اسْتَطَعْتَ مِنْهُمْ بِصَوْتِكَ وَأَجْلِبْ عَلَيْهِمْ بِخَيْلِكَ وَرَجِلِكَ وَشَارِكْهُمْ فِي الْأَمْوَالِ وَالْأَوْلَادِ وَعِدْهُمْ ۚ وَمَا يَعِدُهُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ إِلَّا غُرُورًا
📘 (And excite any of them) make slip any of them (whom thou canst with your voice) with your call; and it is also said that this means: with your wind instruments, singing and all other abominable ways, (and urge) and gather; and it is also said this means: seek against them the help of (your horse) the horses of idolaters (and foot) the foot soldiers of the idolaters (against them, and be a partner in their wealth) unlawful wealth (and children) illegitimate children, (and promise them) that there is no Paradise or hell. (Satan promiseth them only to deceive) he promise them nothing except falsehood.
إِنَّ عِبَادِي لَيْسَ لَكَ عَلَيْهِمْ سُلْطَانٌ ۚ وَكَفَىٰ بِرَبِّكَ وَكِيلًا
📘 (Lo! My (faithful) bondmen) who are protected from you (over them thou hast no power) you have no way to get to them or overcome them, (and your Lord sufficeth as (their) guardian) He guarantees that which He promised; it is also said: He is Protector.
رَبُّكُمُ الَّذِي يُزْجِي لَكُمُ الْفُلْكَ فِي الْبَحْرِ لِتَبْتَغُوا مِنْ فَضْلِهِ ۚ إِنَّهُ كَانَ بِكُمْ رَحِيمًا
📘 ((O mankind), your Lord is He Who driveth for you the ship upon the sea that you may seek of His bounty) so that you seek of His provision; and it is also said this means: so that you seek of his knowledge. (Lo! He was ever Merciful towards you) by deferring your punishment; it is also said that this means: He is ever merciful towards whoever repents amongst you.
وَإِذَا مَسَّكُمُ الضُّرُّ فِي الْبَحْرِ ضَلَّ مَنْ تَدْعُونَ إِلَّا إِيَّاهُ ۖ فَلَمَّا نَجَّاكُمْ إِلَى الْبَرِّ أَعْرَضْتُمْ ۚ وَكَانَ الْإِنْسَانُ كَفُورًا
📘 (And when harm) hardship and tribulation (toucheth you upon the sea, all unto whom ye cry (for succour) fail) you leave the idols which you worship, and you do not ask them to save you, (save Him (alone)) you only ask Allah to save you, (but when He bringeth you safe to land, ye turn away) from thanking Him and declaring His divine Oneness, (for man) the disbelieving man (was ever thankless) He denies the bounties of Allah.
أَفَأَمِنْتُمْ أَنْ يَخْسِفَ بِكُمْ جَانِبَ الْبَرِّ أَوْ يُرْسِلَ عَلَيْكُمْ حَاصِبًا ثُمَّ لَا تَجِدُوا لَكُمْ وَكِيلًا
📘 (Feel ye) O people of Mecca (then secure that He will not cause a slope of the land to engulf you) just as Korah was engulfed, (or send) or that He will not send (a sandstorm upon you,) stones upon you as He did send on the people of Lot, (and then ye will find that ye have no protector) no one to help you?
أَمْ أَمِنْتُمْ أَنْ يُعِيدَكُمْ فِيهِ تَارَةً أُخْرَىٰ فَيُرْسِلَ عَلَيْكُمْ قَاصِفًا مِنَ الرِّيحِ فَيُغْرِقَكُمْ بِمَا كَفَرْتُمْ ۙ ثُمَّ لَا تَجِدُوا لَكُمْ عَلَيْنَا بِهِ تَبِيعًا
📘 (Or feel ye) O people of Mecca (secure that He will not return you to that (plight)) to the sea (a second time, and send against you a hurricane of wind and drown you) in the sea (for your thanklessness) for your denial of Allah and your ingratitude towards His bounty, (and then ye will not find therein that ye have any avenger against Us) for drowning you?
إِنْ أَحْسَنْتُمْ أَحْسَنْتُمْ لِأَنْفُسِكُمْ ۖ وَإِنْ أَسَأْتُمْ فَلَهَا ۚ فَإِذَا جَاءَ وَعْدُ الْآخِرَةِ لِيَسُوءُوا وُجُوهَكُمْ وَلِيَدْخُلُوا الْمَسْجِدَ كَمَا دَخَلُوهُ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ وَلِيُتَبِّرُوا مَا عَلَوْا تَتْبِيرًا
📘 ((Saying): If ye do good) if you confess Allah's Oneness, (ye do good for your own souls) the reward for that is Paradise, (and If ye do evil) and if you associate partners with Allah, (it is for them (in like manner)) the punishment for that is upon them. They remained in comfort, merriness, abundance of men and numbers, and triumph over the enemy for 220 years until Allah roused against them Titus. (So, when the time for the second (of the judgements) came) the second of the two punishment or the second of the two corruptions ((We roused against you others of Our slaves) to ravage you) by killing you and taking you as captives, i.e. Titus the son of Espianos the Roman, (and to enter the Temple) Jerusalem (even as they entered it the first time) even as Nebuchadnezzar and his host entered it the first time, (and to lay waste all that they conquered with an utter wasting).
۞ وَلَقَدْ كَرَّمْنَا بَنِي آدَمَ وَحَمَلْنَاهُمْ فِي الْبَرِّ وَالْبَحْرِ وَرَزَقْنَاهُمْ مِنَ الطَّيِّبَاتِ وَفَضَّلْنَاهُمْ عَلَىٰ كَثِيرٍ مِمَّنْ خَلَقْنَا تَفْضِيلًا
📘 (Verily We have honoured the children of Adam) by giving them hands and feet. (We carry them on the land) on the backs of beasts (and the sea) aboard ships, (and have made provision of good things for them) We made their provision better and finer than the provision of beasts, (and have preferred them above many of those whom We created) of animals (with a marked preferment) in forms, feet and hands.
يَوْمَ نَدْعُو كُلَّ أُنَاسٍ بِإِمَامِهِمْ ۖ فَمَنْ أُوتِيَ كِتَابَهُ بِيَمِينِهِ فَأُولَٰئِكَ يَقْرَءُونَ كِتَابَهُمْ وَلَا يُظْلَمُونَ فَتِيلًا
📘 (On the day) the Day of Judgement (when We shall summon all men with their record) with their prophet; and it is also said that this means: with their register; and it is also said that this means: with their callers to guidance and error, (whoso is given his book in his right hand such will read their book) their good deeds (and they will not be wronged a shred) their good deeds will not be diminished nor will their evil deeds be increased.
وَمَنْ كَانَ فِي هَٰذِهِ أَعْمَىٰ فَهُوَ فِي الْآخِرَةِ أَعْمَىٰ وَأَضَلُّ سَبِيلًا
📘 (Whoso is blind) from giving thanks (here) about these bounties (will be blind in the Hereafter) about the bliss of Paradise, (and yet further from the road). It is also said that this means: whoever is in this worldly life blind to seeing the proof and exposition, will be in the Hereafter even more blind and farther away from proof.
وَإِنْ كَادُوا لَيَفْتِنُونَكَ عَنِ الَّذِي أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ لِتَفْتَرِيَ عَلَيْنَا غَيْرَهُ ۖ وَإِذًا لَاتَّخَذُوكَ خَلِيلًا
📘 (And they indeed strove hard) they almost succeeded (to beguile thee (Muhammad) away) to drive you away and make you slip (from that wherewith We have inspired thee) regarding the breaking of their idols, (that thou shouldst invent) that you should say (other than it against Us) other than what We commanded you to do: breaking their idols; (and then would they have accepted thee as a friend) because of following them. This verse was revealed about Thaqif.
وَلَوْلَا أَنْ ثَبَّتْنَاكَ لَقَدْ كِدْتَ تَرْكَنُ إِلَيْهِمْ شَيْئًا قَلِيلًا
📘 (And if We had not made thee wholly firm) if We had not protected and preserved you (thou mightest almost have inclined unto them a little) regarding that which they requested from you.
إِذًا لَأَذَقْنَاكَ ضِعْفَ الْحَيَاةِ وَضِعْفَ الْمَمَاتِ ثُمَّ لَا تَجِدُ لَكَ عَلَيْنَا نَصِيرًا
📘 (Then) if you had granted to them what they requested (had We made thee taste a double (punishment) of living) the chastisement of this worldly life (and a double (punishment) of dying) the chastisement of the Hereafter, (then hadst thou found no helper against Us) you would not find anyone to save you from Us.
وَإِنْ كَادُوا لَيَسْتَفِزُّونَكَ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ لِيُخْرِجُوكَ مِنْهَا ۖ وَإِذًا لَا يَلْبَثُونَ خِلَافَكَ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا
📘 (And they indeed wished to scare thee from the land) the land of Medina (that they might drive thee forth from thence) to Historic Syria, (and then) if they succeeded in driving you away from Medina (they would have stayed (there) but a little after thee) before We destroy them.
سُنَّةَ مَنْ قَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا قَبْلَكَ مِنْ رُسُلِنَا ۖ وَلَا تَجِدُ لِسُنَّتِنَا تَحْوِيلًا
📘 ((Such was Our) method in the case of those whom We sent before you (to mankind)) We destroyed them once their messengers departed from amongst them, (and thou wilt not find for Our method) Our punishment (aught of power to change) it does not alter.
أَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ لِدُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ إِلَىٰ غَسَقِ اللَّيْلِ وَقُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ ۖ إِنَّ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ كَانَ مَشْهُودًا
📘 (Establish worship) perform the prayer, O Muhammad, (at the going down of the sun) after noon: the prayers of Zuhr and 'Asr (until the dark of night) and after the advent of the night: the prayers of Maghrib and 'Isha', (and (the recital of) the Qur'an at dawn) the prayer of the morning. (Lo! (the recital of) the Qur'an at dawn) the prayer of the morning (is ever witnessed) is witnessed by the angels of the night and the angels of the day.
وَمِنَ اللَّيْلِ فَتَهَجَّدْ بِهِ نَافِلَةً لَكَ عَسَىٰ أَنْ يَبْعَثَكَ رَبُّكَ مَقَامًا مَحْمُودًا
📘 (And some part of the night awake for it) to recite the Qur'an and to pray after sleeping a little, (a largess for thee) a merit for you; it is also said that this means: you alone are enjoined to do so. (It may be) and the expression 'may be' when used in connection with Allah means: it is a requisite (that thy Lord will raise thee to a praised estate) the station of intercession whereof you will be praised by the people of old and the people of new.
عَسَىٰ رَبُّكُمْ أَنْ يَرْحَمَكُمْ ۚ وَإِنْ عُدْتُمْ عُدْنَا ۘ وَجَعَلْنَا جَهَنَّمَ لِلْكَافِرِينَ حَصِيرًا
📘 (It may be that your Lord will have mercy on you) after that, (but if ye repeat (the crime) We shall repeat (the punishment)) it is also said that this means: if you return to doing good, We will return to bestowing mercy on you, (and We have appointed hell a dungeon) a prison and jail (for the disbelievers).
وَقُلْ رَبِّ أَدْخِلْنِي مُدْخَلَ صِدْقٍ وَأَخْرِجْنِي مُخْرَجَ صِدْقٍ وَاجْعَلْ لِي مِنْ لَدُنْكَ سُلْطَانًا نَصِيرًا
📘 (And say: My Lord!) O my Lord! (Cause me to come in with a firm incoming) he says: cause me to come to Medina with a firm incoming, he said this when he was leaving Medina (and to go out) of Medina (with a firm outgoing) after staying there and cause me to enter Mecca; it is also said that this means: cause me to come in the grave with a firm incoming, and cause me to come out of the grave on the Day of Judgement with a firm outgoing. (And give me from Your presence) from You (a sustaining Power) a help that is free of abasement or rejection.
وَقُلْ جَاءَ الْحَقُّ وَزَهَقَ الْبَاطِلُ ۚ إِنَّ الْبَاطِلَ كَانَ زَهُوقًا
📘 (And say: Truth hath come) Muhammad (pbuh) has come with the Qur'an; it is also said that this means: Islam has become triumphant and Muslims numerous (and falsehood hath vanished away) Satan, idolatry and its people all perished. (Lo! Falsehood) Satan, idolatry and its adherents (is ever bound to vanish) is ever bound to perish.
وَنُنَزِّلُ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ مَا هُوَ شِفَاءٌ وَرَحْمَةٌ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ ۙ وَلَا يَزِيدُ الظَّالِمِينَ إِلَّا خَسَارًا
📘 (And We reveal of the Qur'an) We explain in the Qur'an (that which is a healing) a clarification against blindness; it is also said that this means: a clarification against disbelief, idolatry and hypocrisy (and a mercy) which prevents from chastisement (for believers) in Muhammad (pbuh) and in the Qur'an (though it increase the evil-doers) the idolaters; that which is revealed in the Qur'an increases them (in naught save ruin) loss.
وَإِذَا أَنْعَمْنَا عَلَى الْإِنْسَانِ أَعْرَضَ وَنَأَىٰ بِجَانِبِهِ ۖ وَإِذَا مَسَّهُ الشَّرُّ كَانَ يَئُوسًا
📘 (And when We make life pleasant unto man) i.e. the disbeliever, when We bestow upon him abundant wealth and a comfortable life, (he turneth away) from giving thanks or making supplications to Allah (and is averse) stirs away from faith; (and when ill) hardship and poverty (toucheth him he is in despair) from Allah's mercy. This verse was revealed about 'Utbah Ibn Rabi'ah.
قُلْ كُلٌّ يَعْمَلُ عَلَىٰ شَاكِلَتِهِ فَرَبُّكُمْ أَعْلَمُ بِمَنْ هُوَ أَهْدَىٰ سَبِيلًا
📘 (Say) O Muhammad: (Each one) of you (doth according to his rule of conduct) according to his intention and the state in which he is in; it is also said that this means: according to his standpoint and natural disposition, (and thy Lord is best aware of him whose way is right) whose religion is correct.
وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الرُّوحِ ۖ قُلِ الرُّوحُ مِنْ أَمْرِ رَبِّي وَمَا أُوتِيتُمْ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا
📘 (They will ask thee) O Muhammad (concerning the Spirit) it was the people of Mecca-Abu Jahl and his host-who asked. (Say: The Spirit is by command of my Lord) the Spirit is of the marvels of my Lord; it is also said that this means: it is the restricted knowledge of my Lord, (and of knowledge) which is with Allah (ye have been vouchsafed) you have been given (but little).
وَلَئِنْ شِئْنَا لَنَذْهَبَنَّ بِالَّذِي أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ ثُمَّ لَا تَجِدُ لَكَ بِهِ عَلَيْنَا وَكِيلًا
📘 (And if We willed We could withdraw that which We have revealed unto thee) We could keep away that with which We have sent Gabriel to inspire you, (then wouldst thou find no guardian) and it is said that this means: no helper (for thee against Us in respect thereof).
إِلَّا رَحْمَةً مِنْ رَبِّكَ ۚ إِنَّ فَضْلَهُ كَانَ عَلَيْكَ كَبِيرًا
📘 ((It is naught) save mercy) blessing (from thy Lord) He preserved the Qur'an in your heart. (Lo! His kindness unto you) through granting you prophethood and Islam (was ever great) was tremendous indeed.
قُلْ لَئِنِ اجْتَمَعَتِ الْإِنْسُ وَالْجِنُّ عَلَىٰ أَنْ يَأْتُوا بِمِثْلِ هَٰذَا الْقُرْآنِ لَا يَأْتُونَ بِمِثْلِهِ وَلَوْ كَانَ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ ظَهِيرًا
📘 (Say) O Muhammad to the people of Mecca: (Verily, though mankind and the jinn should assemble to produce the like of this Qur'an) conveying therein commands and prohibitions, promises and threats, abrogating and abrogated verses, clear and ambiguous verses and the events of the past and of the future, (they could not produce the like thereof though they were helpers one of another).
وَلَقَدْ صَرَّفْنَا لِلنَّاسِ فِي هَٰذَا الْقُرْآنِ مِنْ كُلِّ مَثَلٍ فَأَبَىٰ أَكْثَرُ النَّاسِ إِلَّا كُفُورًا
📘 (And verily We have displayed for mankind) We have exposited for the people of Mecca (in this Qur'an all kinds or similitudes) parables of all sorts, such as threats and promises, (but most of mankind refuse aught save disbelief) they refused to submit and remained firm in their disbelief.
إِنَّ هَٰذَا الْقُرْآنَ يَهْدِي لِلَّتِي هِيَ أَقْوَمُ وَيُبَشِّرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الَّذِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ الصَّالِحَاتِ أَنَّ لَهُمْ أَجْرًا كَبِيرًا
📘 (Lo! this Qur'an guideth) leads (unto that which is straightest) unto that which is more correct: the testimony that there is no god except Allah; it is also said that this means: unto that which is more plain, (and giveth tidings unto the believers) who are sincere in their faith (who do good works) solely between themselves and their Lord (that theirs will be a great reward) an abundant reward in Paradise.
وَقَالُوا لَنْ نُؤْمِنَ لَكَ حَتَّىٰ تَفْجُرَ لَنَا مِنَ الْأَرْضِ يَنْبُوعًا
📘 (And they say) i.e. 'Abdullah Ibn Umayyah al-Makhzumi and his host: (We will not put faith in thee) we will not believe you (till thou cause a spring to gush forth from the earth for us) from the earth of Mecca for us;
أَوْ تَكُونَ لَكَ جَنَّةٌ مِنْ نَخِيلٍ وَعِنَبٍ فَتُفَجِّرَ الْأَنْهَارَ خِلَالَهَا تَفْجِيرًا
📘 (Or thou have a garden of date-palms and grapes, and cause rivers to gush forth therein) i.e. in their middle (abundantly);
أَوْ تُسْقِطَ السَّمَاءَ كَمَا زَعَمْتَ عَلَيْنَا كِسَفًا أَوْ تَأْتِيَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ قَبِيلًا
📘 (Or thou cause the heaven to fall upon us piecemeal) as a punishment, (as thou hast pretended, or bring Allah and the angels as a warrant) as witnesses for what you say;
أَوْ يَكُونَ لَكَ بَيْتٌ مِنْ زُخْرُفٍ أَوْ تَرْقَىٰ فِي السَّمَاءِ وَلَنْ نُؤْمِنَ لِرُقِيِّكَ حَتَّىٰ تُنَزِّلَ عَلَيْنَا كِتَابًا نَقْرَؤُهُ ۗ قُلْ سُبْحَانَ رَبِّي هَلْ كُنْتُ إِلَّا بَشَرًا رَسُولًا
📘 (Or thou have a house of gold) and silver; (or thou ascend up into heaven) and bring with you the angel to testify that you are Allah's messenger to us, (and even then we will put no faith in thine ascension) to heaven (till thou bring down for us a book) from Allah to us (that we can read) in which we find that you are Allah's messenger to us. (Say) to them, O Muhammad: (My Lord be glorified!) I exonerate my Lord from having a son or partner, (Am I naught save a mortal messenger?) he says: I am only a human messenger, like all previous messengers.
وَمَا مَنَعَ النَّاسَ أَنْ يُؤْمِنُوا إِذْ جَاءَهُمُ الْهُدَىٰ إِلَّا أَنْ قَالُوا أَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ بَشَرًا رَسُولًا
📘 (And naught prevented mankind) the people of Mecca (from believing) in Allah (when the guidance) Muhammad (pbuh) and the Qur'an (came unto them save that they said) these words: (Hath Allah sent a mortal as (His) messenger) to us?
قُلْ لَوْ كَانَ فِي الْأَرْضِ مَلَائِكَةٌ يَمْشُونَ مُطْمَئِنِّينَ لَنَزَّلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَلَكًا رَسُولًا
📘 (Say) O Muhammad, to the people of Mecca: (If there were in the earth angels walking secure, We had sent down for them from heaven an angel as messenger) for we send angel messengers only to angels and human messengers to humans.
قُلْ كَفَىٰ بِاللَّهِ شَهِيدًا بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكُمْ ۚ إِنَّهُ كَانَ بِعِبَادِهِ خَبِيرًا بَصِيرًا
📘 (Say) O Muhammad, to the people of Mecca: (Allah sufficeth for a witness between me and you) that I am a messenger to you (Lo! He is) in relation to sending messengers to His servants (Knower, Seer of His slaves) those who believe and those who do not.
وَمَنْ يَهْدِ اللَّهُ فَهُوَ الْمُهْتَدِ ۖ وَمَنْ يُضْلِلْ فَلَنْ تَجِدَ لَهُمْ أَوْلِيَاءَ مِنْ دُونِهِ ۖ وَنَحْشُرُهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ عَلَىٰ وُجُوهِهِمْ عُمْيًا وَبُكْمًا وَصُمًّا ۖ مَأْوَاهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ ۖ كُلَّمَا خَبَتْ زِدْنَاهُمْ سَعِيرًا
📘 (And he whom Allah guideth) to His religion, (he is led aright) to His religion; (while, as for him whom He sendeth astray) from His religion, (for them) for the people of Mecca (thou wilt find no protecting friends beside Him) to lead them to guidance, (and We shall assemble them) We shall drag them (on the Day of Resurrection on their faces) to the Fire, (blind) seeing nothing, (dumb) saying nothing (and deaf) hearing nothing; (their habitation) their destination (will be hell; whenever it abateth) whenever the Fire abates and its flames subside, (We increase the flame for them) We add more fuel to it.
ذَٰلِكَ جَزَاؤُهُمْ بِأَنَّهُمْ كَفَرُوا بِآيَاتِنَا وَقَالُوا أَإِذَا كُنَّا عِظَامًا وَرُفَاتًا أَإِنَّا لَمَبْعُوثُونَ خَلْقًا جَدِيدًا
📘 (That) chastisement (is their reward) their lot (because they disbelieved Our revelations) Muhammad (pbuh) and the Qur'an (and said) and the disbelievers of Mecca said: (When we are) rotten (bones and) scattered (fragments shall we, forsooth, be raised up) revived (as a new creation?) the spirit is renewed in us? This can never happen!
۞ أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْا أَنَّ اللَّهَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ قَادِرٌ عَلَىٰ أَنْ يَخْلُقَ مِثْلَهُمْ وَجَعَلَ لَهُمْ أَجَلًا لَا رَيْبَ فِيهِ فَأَبَى الظَّالِمُونَ إِلَّا كُفُورًا
📘 (Have they) i.e. the people of Mecca (not seen that Allah Who created the heavens and the earth is Able to create) to revive (the like of them, and has appointed for them an end) a term (whereof there is no doubt) as far as the believers are concerned? (But the wrong-doers) the idolaters (refuse aught save disbelief) they rejected this and stayed firm in their disbelief.
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